]. R. Alb02, A. Albert, and . Barabàsi, Statistical mechanics of complex networks, Reviews of modern physics, vol.74, pp.47-97, 2002.

. Ari-]-arizona-state-universitybai03a-]-f, N. Bai, A. Sadagopan, and . Helmy, Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation URL: http://trace.eas.asu The IMPORTANT framework for analyzing the Impact of Mobility on Performance of RouTing protocols for Adhoc NeTworks, Ad Hoc Networks Journal -Elsevier Science, vol.1, issue.4, pp.383-403, 2003.

]. F. Bai03b, N. Bai, A. Sadagopan, and . Helmy, IMPORTANT: A framework to systematically analyze the Impact of Mobility on Performance of RouTing protocols for Adhoc NeTworks, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2003, 2003.

]. A. Bal93, P. Ballardie, J. Francis, and . Crowcroft, Core-Based Trees (CBT): An Architecture for Scalable Multicast Routing, Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 1993, pp.85-95, 1993.

]. Bar99, E. Barabàsi, and . Albert, Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks, pp.509-512, 1999.

]. B. Bel99, R. Bellur, and . Ogie, A reliable efficient topology broadcast protocol for dynamic networks, Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM'99

C. Bettstetter, H. Hartenstein, and X. Pérez-costa, Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model, Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems , MSWiM '02, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/570758.570761

]. B. Bol01 and . Bollobàs, Random Graphs Second Edition, 2001.

]. L. Bre00, G. Breisemeister, and . Hommel, Role-Based Multicast in highly Mobile but Sparsely Connected Ad hoc networks, Proceedings of ACM Mobihoc, pp.45-50, 2000.

]. J. Bro98, D. Broch, D. Maltz, Y. Johnson, J. Hu et al., A performance comparison of multi hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols, MOBICOM '98, 1998.

]. T. Cam02, J. Camp, V. Boleng, and . Davies, A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad hoc Network Research, Special issue on Mobile Ad hoc Networking Research Trends and Applications, pp.483-502, 2002.

[. Cano and D. Kim, Investigating performance of power-aware routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, International Mobility and Wireless Access Workshop, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/MOBWAC.2002.1166956

]. B. Che03, C. H. Chen, and . Chang, Mobility Impact on Energy Conservation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols, Proceedings of International Conference Advances in Infrastructure for Electronic Business, Education, Science, Medicine, and Mobile Technologies on the Internet (SSGRR '03), Scuola Superiore G. Reiss Romoli, 2003.

[. Cheng and T. G. Robertazzi, Critical connectivity phenomena in multihop radio models, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.37, issue.7, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/26.31170

]. P. Che91, B. Cheeseman, W. M. Kanefsky, and . Taylor, Where the Really Hard Problems Are, Proceeding of the 12th IJCAI, pp.331-337, 1991.

]. T. Che98, M. Chen, and . Gerla, Global State Routing: A New Routing Scheme for Ad hoc Wireless Networks, Proceedings of IEEE IC 1998, pp.171-175, 1998.

]. C. Chi97, H. K. Chiang, W. Wu, M. Liu, and . Gerla, Routing in Clustered Multi- Hop Mobile Wireless Networks with Fading Channel, Proceedings of IEEE SICON 1997, pp.197-211, 1997.

]. C. Chi98, M. Chiang, L. Gerla, and . Zhang, Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol for Multi-hop, Mobile Wireless Networks, ACM/Baltzer Journal of Cluster Computing: Special Issue on Mobile Computing, vol.1, issue.2, pp.187-196, 1998.

M. Chiang and G. Carlsson, Admisson Control, Power Control and QoS analyses for Ad hoc Wireless Networks, Proceeding of the IEEE ICC' 01, pp.245-249, 2001.

]. T. Cla01, G. Clausen, L. Hansen, G. Christensen, and . Behrmann, The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol, Evaluation Through Experiments and Simulation, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Wireless Personal Mobile Communications, 2001.

S. Das, R. Castends, and J. Yan, DARPA Home Page Simulation-based performance evaluation of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile networks and applications, 2000.

]. S. Dee96, D. L. Deering, D. Estrin, V. Farinacci, C. G. Jacobson et al., The PIM Architecture for Wide-Area Multicast Routing, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.4, issue.2, pp.153-162, 1996.

]. V. Dev01, A. A. Devarapalli, D. Selcuk, and . Sidhu, MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Internet draft (work in progress), draft-vijay- manet-mzr-01.txt, 2001.

]. C. Dio97, W. Diot, J. Dabbous, and . Crowcroft, Multipoint Communication: A Survey of Protocols, Functions, and Mechanisms, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas on Communications, vol.15, issue.3, 1997.

]. O. Dou02, P. Dousse, M. Thiran, and . Hasler, Connectivity in ad-hoc and Hybrid Networks, Proceeding of the IEEE InfoCom, pp.1079-1088, 2002.

]. L. Dow01, M. L. Dowell, and . Bruno, Connectivity of Random Graphs and Mobile Networks: Validation of Monte Carlo Simulation Results, Proceeding of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC) 2001, pp.77-81, 2001.

]. R. Dub97, C. D. Dube, K. Y. Rais, S. K. Wang, and . Tripathi, Signal Stability-Based Adaptive Routing for Ad hoc Mobile Networks, IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, pp.36-45, 1997.

]. E. Elm01, H. Elmallah, H. Hassanein, and . Aboelfotoh, On the Use of a Simple Mobility Model in Ad Hoc Routing, IEEE ICPP'01 Workshop on Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, pp.479-484, 2001.

]. P. Erd59, A. Erdös, and . Rényi, On Random Graphs, Publications Mathematicae Debrecen, vol.6, pp.290-297, 1959.

]. K. Fall98, K. Fall, and . Varadhan, NS Notes and Documentation. The VINT project, 1998.

]. A. Far02 and . Farago, Scalable Analysis and Design of Ad hoc Networks Via Random Graph Theory, Proceeding of the 6th International Workshop on Discrete Algorithms and Methods for Mobile Computing and Communications (DIALM'2002), pp.43-50, 2002.

]. F. Fit01, M. Fitzek, and . Reisslein, MPEG-4 and H .263 Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation Phase Transitions in the Properties of Random Graphs, Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP-95), pp.40-54, 1995.

]. Gar03 and . Garcia, A Novel DSR-based Energy-efficient Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, 2003.

]. J. Gar99, E. L. Garcia-luna-aceves, and . Madruga, The Core-Assisted Mesh Protocol, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.17, issue.8, pp.1380-1994, 1999.

]. Z. Haa01, M. R. Haas, P. Pearlman, and . Samar, Internet draft (work in progress), draft-ietf-manet-zrp-04.txt, Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP, 2001.

]. Z. Haa02, J. Y. Haas, L. Halpern, and . Li, Gossip-Based Ad hoc Routing, Proceeding of the IEEE InfoCom, pp.1707-1716, 2002.

]. X. Hon99, M. Hong, G. Gerla, C. Pei, and . Chiang, A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks, proceedings of the ACM International workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM), 1999.

C. Chiang, G. Pei, M. Gerla, and T. Chen, BonnMotion ? a mobility scenario generation and analysis tool URL: http://www.cs.unibonn .de/IV/BonnMotion IETF MANET Working Group Information, Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad hoc Wireless Networks, pp.1369-1379, 1999.

]. P. Jac99, A. Jacquet, and . Laouiti, Analysis of Mobile Ad hoc Network Routing Protocols in Random Graph Models, Research Report, issue.3835, 1999.

]. J. Jet01a, D. B. Jetcheva, and . Johnson, Adaptive Demand-Driven Multicast Routing in Multi-hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, ACM MobiHoc 01, 2001.

]. J. Jet01b, H. Jetcheva, D. Hu, D. Maltz, and . Johnson, A Simple Protocol for Multicast and Broadcast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, 2001.

]. S. Jia01, D. Jiang, J. He, and . Rao, A Prediction-based Link Availability Estimation for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE InfoCom, 2001.

]. M. Joa99, I. Joa-ng, and . Lu, A Peer-to-Peer Zone-Based Two-Level Link State Routing for Mobile Ad hoc Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.17, issue.8, pp.1415-1425, 1999.

]. D. Joh96, D. A. Johnson, and . Maltz, Dynamic Source Routing in Ad hoc Wireless Networks, Mobile Computing, vol.353, pp.153-181, 1996.

]. Y. Ko98, N. H. Ko, and . Vaidya, Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, pp.66-75, 1998.

]. B. Kri01, S. B. Krishnamachari, R. Wicker, and . Béjar, Phase Transition Phenomena in Wireless Ad hoc Networks, Proceeding of the IEEE Globecom' 01, pp.2921-2925, 2001.

]. T. Lar98, N. Larsson, and . Hedman, Routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks ? A simulation study, 1998.

]. S. Lee00a and . Lee, Routing and Multicast Strategies in Wireless Mobile Ad hoc Networks, 2000.

]. S. Lee00b, W. Lee, M. Su, and . Gerla, On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad Hoc Networks Internet draft, draft-ietf-manet-odmrp- 02.txt, PatchODMRP: An Ad-hoc Multicast Routing Protocol Proceedings of the 15 th international conference on information networking, pp.537-543, 2000.

]. S. Lee99, M. Lee, C. C. Gerla, and . Chiang, On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol, Proceedings of the IEEE WCNC 1999, pp.1298-1302, 1999.

[. Liao, Y. Tseng, and J. Sheu, GRID: a fully location-aware routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks Telecommunication Systems, pp.37-60, 2001.

]. B. Lia99, Z. Liang, and . Haas, Predictive Distance-Based Mobility Management for PCS networks, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 1999.

]. M. Liu04, J. S. Liu, and . Baras, Fixed Point Approximation for Multirate Multihop Loss Networks with State-Dependent Routing, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.12, issue.2, pp.361-374, 2004.

]. A. Mcd99, T. Mcdonald, and . Znati, A Path Availability Model for Wireless Ad hoc Networks, IEEE WCNC, 1999.

]. H. Mou03a, H. Moustafa, and . Labiod, Adaptive Path Energy Conserving Routing in MANETs, th IFIP/TC6 International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks (MWCN 03), 2003.

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Energy Consumption Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedings of First European Symposium, EUSAI 2003, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39863-9_6

]. H. Mou04, H. Moustafa, and . Labiod, Multicast Routing In Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Nos. 1, 2004.

]. H. Mou05, H. Moustafa, and . Labiod, Adaptive Path Energy Conserving Routing in MANETs Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks: an International Journal, 2005.

]. J. Moy94 and . Moy, Multicast Routing Extension for OSPF, Communications of the ACM, vol.37, issue.8, pp.61-66, 1994.

]. C. Mur04, B. S. Murthy, and . Manoj, Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and Protocols, 2004.

]. S. Mur96, J. Murthy, and . Garcia-luna-aceves, An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks, Mobile Communication Networks, pp.183-197, 1996.

]. N. Ned00 and . Nikaein, QoS Control in Wireless IP Access Networks, 2000.

]. M. New02 and . Newman, Random graphs as models of networks Sante Fe Institute (SFI) working paper, 2002.

]. K. Obr98, G. Obraczka, and . Tsudik, Multicast Routing Issues in Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communication (ICUPC'98), 1998.

]. V. Par97, M. Park, and . Corson, A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks, Proceedings of IEEE InfoCom, pp.1405-1413, 1997.

]. M. Pea98, Z. Pearlman, and . Hass, The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol, Proceeding SIFCOMM'98, pp.167-177

]. M. Pea99, Z. Pearlman, and . Hass, Determining the optimal configuration for the zone routing protocol, IEEE, 1999.

]. G. Pei00, M. Pei, X. Gerla, and . Hong, LANMAR: Landmark Routing for Large Scale Wireless Ad hoc Networks with Group Mobility, Proceeding of IEEE, 2000.

]. C. Per01, E. Perkins, S. Royer, M. Das, and . Marina, Performance comparison of two on demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks, 2001.

]. C. Per94, P. Perkins, and . Bhagwat, Highly dynamic destination-sequenced-distancevector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers, ACM SIGCOMM, vol.24, issue.4, pp.234-244, 1994.

]. C. Per99, E. M. Perkins, and . Royer, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp.90-100, 1999.

]. T. Rap96 and . Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles And Practice, 1996.

[. Ross, Multiservice Loss Models for Broadband Telecommunication Networks, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-2126-8

]. J. [-rou99 and . Rougier, Dynamic Hierarchical Unicast and Multicast Routing, 1999.

]. E. Roy01, P. M. Royer, L. Melliar-smith, and . Moser, An Analysis of the Optimum Node Density for Ad hoc Mobile Networks, Proceedings of IEEE ICC, 2001.

]. E. Roy99a, C. E. Royer, and . Perkins, Multicast Operation of the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol, Proceeding of ACM MOBICOM 1999, pp.207-218, 1999.

]. E. Roy99b, C. Royer, and . Toh, A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wirless networks, 1999.

]. A. Saf01 and . Safwat, Power-Aware Fair Infrastructure Formation for Wireless Mobile Ad hoc Communications, Proc. of IEEE Globecom, pp.2832-2836, 2001.

]. M. San01, P. Sanchez, and . Manzoni, Anejos: A Java-based Simulator for Ad-hoc Networks, Future Generation Computer Systems -Elsevier Science, vol.17, issue.5, pp.573-583, 2001.

]. M. San99, P. Sanchez, and . Manzoni, A Java-based ad-hoc networks simulator, SCS Western Multiconference, 1999.

]. Y. Sas02, D. Sasson, A. Cavin, and . Schiper, Probabilistic Broadcast for Flooding in Wireless Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 2002.

]. R. Sch99 and . Schinazi, Classical and Spatial Stochastic Processes, Birkhäuser Boston, 1999.

]. Sen04, G. Senouci, and . Pujolle, Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Ad hoc Networks, Proc. ICC'04, 2004.

]. S. Sin98, M. Singh, C. Woo, and . Raghavendra, Power-aware Routing in mobile ad hoc networks, Proc. Mobicom'98, 1998.

]. J. Spen87 and . Spencer, Ten Lectures on Probabilistic Method, SIAM, 1987.

]. S. Stro01 and . Strogatz, Exploring Complex Networks, NATURE, vol.410, pp.268-276, 2001.

]. D. Stu92, A. Stuffer, and . Aharony, Introduction to Percolation Theory, 1992.

]. J. Tia02, J. Tian, C. Hahner, and . Becker, Graph-Based Mobility Model for Mobile Ad hoc Network Simulation, Proceedings of the 35 th IEEE Annual Simulation symposium (SS'02), 2002.

[. Toh, G. Guichal, and S. Bunchua, ABAM: on-demand associativity-based multicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks, Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152), pp.987-993, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886259

[. Toh, Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.39, issue.6, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/35.925682

[. Toh, Associativity-Based Routing for Ad hoc Mobile Networks, Wireless Personal Communications Journal, vol.4, issue.2, pp.1-36, 1997.

]. D. Tur01, S. K. Turgut, M. Das, and . Chatterjee, Longevity of Routes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Proceedings of IEEE VTC-spring'01, 2001.

]. B. Van98 and . Vandegriend, Finding Hamiltonian Cycles: Algorithms, Graphs and Performance, 1998.

]. D. Wai88, C. Waitzman, S. Partridge, and . Deering, Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol, 1988.

]. J. Xie02, R. Xie, A. Talpade, M. Mcauley, and . Liu, AMRoute: Ad hoc Multicast Routing Protocol, Mobile Networks and Applications, 2002.

]. J. Xie03, R. Xie, A. Talpade, M. Mcauley, and . Liu, Quality of Service Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications, nd IFIP Mediterranean Workshop on Ad hoc Networks, pp.1228-1234, 1996.

]. H. Zho00, S. Zhou, and . Singh, Content-Based Multicast (CBM) in Ad hoc Networks, Proceedings of ACM Mobihoc, pp.51-60, 2000.

]. M. Zon97, P. Zonoozi, and . Dassanayake, User Mobility Modeling and Characterization of Mobility Patterns, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas on Communication PUBLICATIONS International Journal, vol.15, issue.7, pp.1239-1252, 1997.

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Adaptive Path Energy Conserving Routing in MANETs, Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks
DOI : 10.1142/9789812791146_0022

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Telecommunication Systems, vol.25, issue.1/2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:TELS.0000011197.64522.41

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, A performance analysis of source routing-based multicast protocol (SRMP) using different mobility models, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577), pp.20-24, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313338

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, A Multicast on-demand mesh-based routing protocol in multihop mobile wireless networks, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), pp.6-9, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/VETECF.2003.1285918

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, A performance comparison of multicast routing protocols in ad hoc networks, 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., pp.7-10, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/PIMRC.2003.1264321

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Energy Consumption Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, 2875: Ambient Intelligence, Proceedings First European Symposium, EUSAI 2003, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39863-9_6

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Adaptive Path Energy Conserving Routing in MANETs, Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks, 2003.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812791146_0022

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks, 10 th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Modeling and Analysis (ICTSM-10), pp.3-6, 2002.

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, SRMP: A mesh-based protocol for multicast communication in ad hoc networks International Workshops, 2002 International Conference on Third Generation Wireless and Beyond 3Gwireless, pp.28-31, 2002.

H. Moustafa and H. Labiod, Mobile Ad hoc Networks with Energy Conserving, Research Poster Ambience Rennes Workshop Internet Drafts, pp.31-32, 2003.

H. Labiod and H. Moustafa, The Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (SRMP), IETF Internet draft, 2001.