&. Haverkamp and . Richards, Cet aspect est pour le moment peu abordé par les intergiciels, un développement ad hoc est préféré le plus souvent. L'OMG définit à l'heure actuelle CORBA High Assurance il s'agit d'un profil restreint de CORBA qui vise la construction de systèmes répartis temps réel embarqués fiables, par exemple pour le domaine avionique Cette spécification est à l'état de Request for Proposal " . Nous notons que les thèmes retenus par cette RFP rejoignent certaines de nos problématiques : environnement critiques, garanties fortes de bon fonctionnement, configurabilité de l'intergiciel, etc. Une perspective intéressante serait d'étendre l'architecture proposée pour prendre en compte les spécifications définies, ou participer à leur définition. En particulier, notre analyse des spécifications RT-CORBA (section 6.3.3) et les résultats que nous avons obtenus concernant la vérification de propriétés cruciales pour le bon fonctionnement de l'intergiciel (chapitre 4) peuvent servir de base à la définition de ce profil. Nous entretenons des contacts avec les auteurs de cette RFP en ce sens. Nos différents travaux ont étendu l'utilisation des intergiciels aux systèmes T R 2 E. Ils proposent une solution souple pour l'adaptation de l'intergiciel à de nombreux besoins. Nous avons fourni un moyen de contrôler deux forces antagonistes s'appliquant sur les intergiciels pour systèmes T R 2 E : la première, " centripète " se concentre sur les besoins minimaux à remplir et réduit les fonctionnalités offertes ; la seconde, En plus des contraintes que nous avons déjà discutées, elles nécessitent une analyse précise du système construit à des fins de certification nous contribuons à l'utilisation toujours croissante des mécanismes de la répartition à de nombreuses familles de systèmes temps réel, 2002.

B. Abdelzaher, T. Dawson, S. Feng, W. Jahanian, F. Johnson et al., ARMADA Middleware Suite, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5041-9_1

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.7375

A. Middleware and C. Services, Real-Time Syst, pp.127-153

J. Abrial, Z: an introduction to formal methods, 1995.

R. Alves, Études des optimisations de l'intergiciel PolyORB, 2005.

L. Apvrille, P. De-saqui-sannes, C. Lohr, P. Sénac, and J. P. Courtiat, A New UML Profile for Real-Time System Formal Design and Validation, Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML'2001), 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45441-1_22

L. Apvrille, P. De-saqui-sannes, and F. Khendek, TURTLE-P: Un profil UML pour la validation d'architectures distribuees, Colloque Francophone sur l'Ingénierie des Protocoles (CFIP), 2003.

S. Armstrong, Multicast transport protocol, 1992.
DOI : 10.17487/rfc1301

F. Azavant, J. M. Cottin, V. Niebel, L. Pautet, S. Ponce et al., CORBA and CORBA Services for DSA, Proceedings of SIGAda'99, 1999.

S. Baarir, S. Haddad, and J. M. Ilié, Exploiting Partial Symmetries in Wellformed nets for the Reachability and the Linear Time Model Checking Problems, Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Discrete Event Systems (WODES'04), 2004.

S. Baker, Middleware To Middleware, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Distributed Objects and Applications (DOA'01), 2001.

G. Banavar, T. Chandra, R. Strom, and D. Sturman, A Case for Message Oriented Middleware, International Symposium on Distributed Computing, pp.1-18, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48169-9_1

R. Bastide, O. Sy, P. Palanque, and D. Navarre, Formal Specifications of CORBA Services: Experience and Lessons Learned, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programmng, Systems, Langu ages and Applications (00PSLA'2000), 2000.

A. Bechina, U. Brinkshulte, F. Picioroaga, and E. Schneider, Real time middleware for industrial embedded measurement and control, Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications , PDPTA'2001, 2001.

P. A. Bernstein, Middleware: An archictecture: for distributed system services, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/230798.230809

. Bosch, CAN specification, version 2, 1991.

A. Buble, L. Bulej, and P. Tuma, CORBA benchmarking: a course with hidden obstacles, Proceedings International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, pp.279-285, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/IPDPS.2003.1213501

F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, and M. Stal, Pattern- Oriented Software Architecture: A System Of Patterns, 1996.

J. L. Campos, J. J. Gutiérrez, and M. G. Harbour, The Chance for Ada to Support Distribution and Real-Time in Embedded Systems, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Reliable Software Techologies Ada-Europe, pp.91-105, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-24841-5_7

S. D. Can, Conception et réalisation de la personnalité DDS pour PolyORB, 2005.

J. Carter and M. N. Wegman, Universal classes of hash functions, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol.18, issue.2, pp.143-154, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0000(79)90044-8

L. Chenyang, W. Xiaorui, and C. Gill, Feedback controlreal-time scheduling in orb middleware, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, 2003.

G. Chiola, C. Dutheillet, G. Franceschini, and S. Haddad, On Well-Formed Coloured Nets and their Symbolic Reachability Graph. High-Level Petri Nets, Theory and Application, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-84524-6_13

E. Clarke, O. Grumberg, and D. Peled, Model Checking, 2000.

T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and C. Stein, Introduction à l'algorithmique . Dunod, 2002.

A. Corsaro, D. Schmidt, R. Klefstad, and C. O-'ryan, Virtual component: a design pattern for memory-constrained embedded applications, 2002.

G. Coulouris, J. Dollimore, and T. Kindberg, Distributed Systems, Concepts and Design, 1994.

T. Coupaye, E. Bruneton, and J. Stefani, The fractal composition framework, 2002.

H. Curnow and B. Wichmann, A synthetic benchmark, The Computer Journal, vol.19, issue.1, pp.43-49, 1976.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/19.1.43

URL : http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/1/43

P. C. David and T. Ledoux, Towards a Framework for Self-adaptive Component-Based Applications, Proceedings of Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems 2003, the 4th IFIP WG6.1 International Conference, DAIS 2003, pp.1-14, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-40002-8_12

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00457083

J. A. De-la-puente, J. F. Ruiz, and J. Zamorano, An Open Ravenscar Real-Time Kernel for GNAT, Proceedings of the Reliable Software Technologies. Ada- Europe, p.1845, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/10722060_4

I. Demeure and C. Bonnet, Introduction aux systèmes temps réels, Hermes, 1999.

W. Deng, M. B. Dwyer, J. Hatcliff, G. Jung, &. Robby et al., Modelchecking middleware-based event-driven real-time embedded software, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39656-7_6

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.4.4017

U. T. Departimento-di-informatica, GreatSPN home page, 2003.

P. Dibble and A. Wellings, The real-time specification for Java: current status and future work, Seventh IEEE International Symposium onObject-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2004. Proceedings., pp.71-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ISORC.2004.1300331

M. Dietzfelbinger, A. Karlin, K. Mehlhorn, F. Meyer-auf-der-heide, H. Rohnert et al., Dynamic Perfect Hashing: Upper and Lower Bounds, SIAM Journal on Computing, vol.23, issue.4, pp.738-761, 1994.
DOI : 10.1137/S0097539791194094

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.8165

A. Diller, The B-book, 1994.

D. Upm, Open ORK Home Page, 2004.

B. Dobbing and A. Burns, The Ravenscar tasking profile for high integrity realtime programs, Proceedings of SigAda'98, 1998.

B. P. Douglass, Real-Time Design Patterns: Robust Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Systems, 2002.

B. Dumant, F. Horn, F. D. Tran, and J. B. Stefani, Jonathan: an Open Distributed Processing environment in Java, Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing, pp.175-190, 1998.

A. Duret-lutz and D. Poitrenaud, SPOT: an extensible model checking library using transition-based generalized buchi automata, The IEEE Computer Society's 12th Annual International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems, 2004. (MASCOTS 2004). Proceedings., pp.76-83, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/MASCOT.2004.1348184

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496158

S. Evangelista, C. Kaiser, J. Pradat-peyre, and P. Rousseau, Quasar : a new tool for analyzing concurrent programs, Proceddings of the International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Ada-Europe (Ada-Europe'03), pp.166-181, 2003.

H. Feiler, B. Lewis, and S. Vestal, The SAE Avionics Architecture Description Language (AADL) Standard: A Basis for Model-Based Architecture-Driven Embedded Systems Engineering, RTAS 2003 Workshop on Model-Driven Embedded Systems, 2003.

D. Ferrari and D. C. Verma, A scheme for real-time channel establishment in wide-area networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.8, issue.3, pp.368-379, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/49.53013

C. Francu and I. Marsic, An Advanced Communication Toolkit for implementing the Broker pattern, Proceedings. 19th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cat. No.99CB37003), 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDCS.1999.776548

M. L. Fredman, J. Komlós, and E. Szemerédi, Storing a sparse table with O(1) worst case access time, J. ACM, pp.31-538, 1984.

P. Gai, L. Abeni, M. Giorgi, and G. Buttazzo, A new kernel approach for modular real-time systems development, Proceedings 13th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/EMRTS.2001.934032

E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, 1994.

W. W. Gibbs, Software"s Chronic crisis, pp.72-81, 1991.

C. Gill, V. Subramonian, J. Parsons, H. M. Huang, S. Torri et al., ORB middleware evolution for networked embedded systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003)., 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218080

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.7724

C. D. Gill, A Vision for Integration of Embedded System Properties -via a Model-Component-Aspect System Architecture, Proceedings of the Monterey Workshop, 2003.

C. D. Gill, D. C. Schmidt, and R. K. Cytron, Multi-Paradigm Scheduling for Distributed Real-Time Embedded Computing, pp.183-197, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/jproc.2002.805822

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.7248

C. Girault and R. Valk, Petri Nets for System Engineering, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-05324-9

A. Gokhale, B. Natarjan, D. C. Schmidt, A. Nechypurenko, N. Wang et al., CoSMIC, Companion to the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications , OOPSLA '04, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/1028664.1028758

J. Gosling and G. Bollella, The Real-Time Specification for Java, 2000.

N. Halbwachs, A tutorial of Lustre, 1993.

D. A. Haverkamp and R. J. Richards, Towards safety critical middleware for avionics applications, 27th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2002. Proceedings. LCN 2002., pp.716-724, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/LCN.2002.1181849

G. Holzmann, The model checker SPIN, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.23, issue.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/32.588521

M. Hoosier, J. Hatcliff, &. Robby, and M. B. Dwyer, A Case Study in Domaincustomized Model Checking for Real-time Component Software, 2004.

J. Hugues, PolyORB User's Guide, 2004.

J. Hugues, F. Kordon, L. Pautet, and T. Quinot, A case study of Middleware to Middleware: MOM and ORB interoperability, Addendum to the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Distributed Objects and Applications (DOA'02), pp.29-32, 2002.

J. Hugues, L. Pautet, and F. Kordon, Contributions to middleware architectures to prototype distribution infrastructures, 14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping, 2003. Proceedings., pp.124-131, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/IWRSP.2003.1207039

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.562.8206

J. Hugues, L. Pautet, and F. Kordon, Refining middleware functions for verification purpose, Monterey Workshop on Software Engineering for Embedded Systems: From Requirements to Implementation (MONTEREY'03), pp.79-87, 2003.

J. Hugues, Y. Thierry-mieg, F. Kordon, L. Pautet, S. Baarir et al., On the Formal Verification of Middleware Behavioral Properties, Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, pp.139-157, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.entcs.2004.08.062

J. Hugues, F. Kordon, and L. Pautet, Revisiting COTS middleware for DRE systems, Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'05), pp.72-79, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ISORC.2005.46

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.497.3597

J. Hugues, F. Kordon, and L. Pautet, Towards Proof-Based Real-Time Distribution Middleware, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference On Real-Time Systems, pp.51-70, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01489156

. Ada, /. Iso, . Iec, and . Ansi, Information Technology ? Programming Languages, (E) with Technical Corrigendum 1 and Amendment 1, p.1995, 2005.

M. Kaddour and L. Pautet, Towards an adaptable message oriented middleware for mobile environments, Proceedings of the IEEE 3rd workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks, 2003.

M. Kaddour and L. Pautet, A middleware for supporting disconnections and multi-network access in mobile environments, IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2004. Proceedings of the Second, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/PERCOMW.2004.1276929

N. I. Kameno and N. H. Weiderman, Hartstone distributed benchmark: requirements and definitions, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.199-208, 1991.

D. D. Kandlur, K. G. Shin, and D. Ferrari, Real-time communication in multihop networks, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp.300-307, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/71.313121

Y. Kermarrec, L. Nana, and L. Pautet, GNATDIST, Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '96 disciplined software development with Ada, TRI-Ada '96, pp.63-72, 1996.
DOI : 10.1145/240678.240695

K. Kim, G. Geon, S. Hong, S. Kim, and T. Kim, Resource-conscious customization of CORBA for CAN-based distributed embedded systems, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-time Distributed Computing (ISORC), pp.34-41, 2000.

R. Klefstad, D. C. Schmidt, and C. O. Ryan, The Design of a Real-Time CORBA ORB using Real-Time Java, Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time distributed Computing, 2002.

F. Kon, M. Roman, P. Liu, J. Mao, T. Yamane et al., Monitoring, Security, and Dynamic Configuration with the dynamicTAO Reflective ORB, Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platform and Open Distributed Processing, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45559-0_7

P. Koopman and J. Devale, The exception handling effectiveness of POSIX operating systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.26, issue.9, pp.837-848, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/32.877845

F. Kordon and E. Paviot-adet, Using CPN-AMI to validate a safe channel protocol, Proceedings of the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Petri Nets -Tool presentation part, 1999.

A. Krishna, D. C. Schmidt, and R. Klefstad, Enhancing real-time CORBA via real-time Java features, 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2004. Proceedings., 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDCS.2004.1281569

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.3811

C. Liu and J. Layland, Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment, Journal of the ACM, vol.20, issue.1, pp.46-61, 1973.
DOI : 10.1145/321738.321743

J. M. Martínez, M. G. Harbour, and J. J. Gutiérrez, RT-EP: Real-Time Ethermet Protocol for Analyzable Distributed Applications on a Minimum Real-Time POSIX Kernel, 2nd International Workshop on Real-Time LANs in the Internet Age (RT- LIA 2003), 2003.

M. Masmano, I. Ripoll, and A. Crespo, Dynamic storage allocation for real-time embedded systems, Proccedings of the Real-Time Systems Symposium, Work-in- Progress Session, 2003.

M. Matsumoto and T. Nishimura, Mersenne twister: a 623-dimensionally equidistributed uniform pseudo-random number generator, ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, vol.8, issue.1, pp.3-30, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/272991.272995

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.215.1141

C. Mercer, Y. Ishikaw, and H. Tokuda, Distributed Hartstone: a distributed real-time benchmark suite, Proceedings.,10th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp.70-77, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDCS.1990.89286

J. Merseguer, J. Campos, S. Bernardi, and S. Donatelli, A compositional semantics for UML state machines aimed at performance evaluation, Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings., 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167702

P. Obry, AWS: Ada Web Server, Actes d, 2000.

C. O-'ryan, F. Kuhns, D. C. Schmidt, O. Othman, and J. Parsons, The design and performance of a pluggable protocols framework for real-time distributed object computing middleware, Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middleware'00), 2000.

B. Paquet, Implémentation de la personnalité MIOP dans PolyORB, 2003.

L. Pautet, Intergiciels schizophrènes : une solution à l'interopérabilité entre modèles de répartition. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2001.

L. Pautet and F. Kordon, Des vertus de la schizophrénie pour le prototypage d'applications à composants interopérables. TSI, 2004.
DOI : 10.3166/tsi.23.1301-1328

R. Pawlak, L. Seinturier, L. Duchien, L. Martelli, F. Legond-aubry et al., Aspect-Oriented Software Development with Java Aspect Components, Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00489501

P. Pedreiras, L. Almeida, and P. Gai, The FTT-ethernet protocol: merging flexibility, timeliness and efficiency, Proceedings 14th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. Euromicro RTS 2002, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/EMRTS.2002.1019195

C. Plummer and P. Plancke, The Spacecraft Onboard Interfaces, SOIF, Standardisation Activity, Proceedings of DASIA 2002, 2002.

I. Pyarali, M. Spivak, R. Cytron, and D. C. Schmidt, Evaluating and Optimizing Thread Pool Strategies for RT-CORBA, Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems, 2001.

T. Quinot, Conception et réalisation d'un intergiciel schizophrène pour la mise en oeuvre de systèmes répartis interopérables, Thèse de doctorat, 2003.

T. Quinot, F. Kordon, and L. Pautet, From functional to architectural analysis of a middleware supporting interoperability across heterogeneous distribution models, Proceedings 3rd International Symposium on Distributed Objects and Applications, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/DOA.2001.954082

R. Rajkumar, M. Gagliardi, and L. Sha, The real-time publisher/subscriber interprocess communication model for distributed real-time systems: design and implementation, Proceedings of the IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium, pp.66-75, 1995.

D. Regep and F. Kordon, Lf P: a specification language for rapid prototyping of concurrent systems, 12th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototy- ping, 2001.

M. A. Rivas and M. G. Harbour, MaRTE OS: An Ada Kernel for Real-Time Embedded Applications, Proceedings of the International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Ada-Europe-2001, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45136-6_24

M. Román, F. Kon, and R. H. Campbell, Reflective middleware: From your desk to your hand, IEEE Distributed Systems Online, 2001.

D. Schmidt and F. Buschmann, Patterns, frameworks, and middleware: their synergistic relationships, 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, 2003. Proceedings., 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/ICSE.2003.1201256

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.7160

D. Schmidt and C. Cleeland, Applying patterns to develop extensible and maintainable ORB middleware, Communications of the ACM, CACM, p.40, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/35.755450

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.6617

D. Schmidt, D. Levine, and S. Mungee, The design and performance of real-time object request brokers, 1998.

D. C. Schmidt, Gperf: A perfect hash function generator, Proceedings of the 2 nd C++ Conference, pp.87-102, 1990.

D. C. Schmidt and C. Cleeland, Applying patterns to develop extensible ORB middleware, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.37, issue.4, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/35.755450

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.6617

D. C. Schmidt and F. Kuhns, An Overview of the Real-time CORBA Specifica- tion, 2000.

D. C. Schmidt, M. Stal, H. Rohnert, and F. Buschmann, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: Patterns for Concurren t and Networked Objects, 2000.

E. Schneider, F. Picioroaga, and A. Bï¿-hina, Distributed real-time computing for microcontrollers-the osa+ approach, Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2002.

L. Seinturier, A. Laurent, B. Dumant, E. Gressier-soudan, and F. Horn, A framework for a real-time communication based object oriented indutrial messaging services, Tech. rep, 1999.

D. C. Sharp, Reducing avionics software cost through component based product line development, 17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/DASC.1998.739846

A. Singhai, A. Sane, and R. Campbell, Quarterware for middleware, Proceedings. 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cat. No.98CB36183), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDCS.1998.679502

URL : http://choices.cs.uiuc.edu/sane/qw.ps.gz

Y. Souissi and G. Memmi, Composition of nets via a communication medium, 10th International Conference on Application and theory of Petri Nets, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-53863-1_34

J. B. Stefani, Requirements for a real-time ORB, 1996.

V. Subramonian, C. Gill, and D. Stuard, Design and implementation of norb, 2002.

V. Subramonian, G. Xing, C. D. Gill, and R. Cytron, The design and performance of special purpose middleware: A sensor networks case study, 2003.

S. Microsystems and . Inc, Java Message Service (JMS) Specification. Version 1, 1999.

S. Microsystems and . Inc, Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Specification. Version 1, 2002.

A. S. Tanenbaum, Distributed operating systems, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.17, issue.4, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/6041.6074

S. Tardieu, GLADE, une implémentation de l'annexe des systèmes répartis d'Ada 95, 1999.

Y. Thierry-mieg, C. Dutheillet, and I. Mounier, Automatic Symmetry Detection in Well-Formed Nets, Proc. of ICATPN 2003, pp.82-101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-44919-1_9

Y. Thierry-mieg, S. Baarir, A. Duret-lutz, and F. Kordon, Nouvelles techniques de model-checking pour la vérification de systèmes complexes, Génie Logiciel, pp.17-23, 2004.

R. Vanegas, J. Zinky, J. Loyall, D. Karr, R. Schantz et al., QuO's Runtime Support for Quality of Service in Distributed Objects The Lake District, Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middleware'98), 1998.

T. Vergnaud, Conception et réalisation de la personnalité AWS pour PolyORB, 2003.

T. Vergnaud, J. Hugues, L. Pautet, and F. Kordon, PolyORB: A Schizophrenic Middleware to Build Versatile Reliable Distributed Applications, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Reliable Software Techologies Ada-Europe, pp.106-119, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-24841-5_8

T. Vergnaud, J. Hugues, L. Pautet, and F. Kordon, Rapid Development Methodology for Customized Middleware, Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP'05), pp.111-117, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01490881

S. Vinoski, An Overview of Middleware, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Reliable Software Techologies Ada-Europe, pp.35-51, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-24841-5_3

N. Weiderman, Hartstone: Synthetic Benchmark Requirements for Hard Real- Time Applications, 1989.

D. A. Wheeler, SLOCCount, a set of tools for counting physical source lines of code (sloc), 2004.