S. Atzeni, Thermonuclear burn performances of volume-ignited and centrally ignited bare deuterium-tritium microspheres, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, vol.34, p.1980, 1992.

E. Batani, F. Perelli, T. E. Scianitti, and . Cowan, Evidence of Ultrashort Electron Bunches in Laser-Plasma Interactions at Relativistic Intensities, Physical Review Letters, vol.91, issue.10, p.105001, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.105001

M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer, Tables of energy losses and ranges of electrons and positrons, Rapport technique NASA-SP-3012, 1964.

H. A. Bethe, Quantenmechanik der Ein-und Zwei-Elektronenprobleme, dans Handbuch der Physik, Bethe, vol.241, pp.273-560, 1933.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-52619-0_3

G. Bonnaud, P. Gibbon, J. Kindel, and E. Williams, Laser interaction with a sharp-edged overdense plasma, Laser and Particle Beams, vol.9, issue.02, pp.339-354, 1991.
DOI : 10.1063/1.867001

M. Borghesi, A. J. Mackinnon, A. R. Bell, G. Malka, C. Vickers et al., Observations of Collimated Ionization Channels in Aluminum-Coated Glass Targets Irradiated by Ultraintense Laser Pulses, Observations of Collimated Ionization Channels in Aluminum-Coated Glass Targets Irradiated by Ultraintense Laser Pulses, pp.4309-4312, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4309

A. B. Borisov, O. B. Shiryaev, A. Mcpherson, K. Boyer, and C. K. Rhodes, Stability analysis of relativistic and charge-displacement self-channelling of intense laser pulses in underdense plasmas, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.37, issue.5, pp.569-597, 1995.
DOI : 10.1088/0741-3335/37/5/008

O. Buneman, Dissipation of Currents in Ionized Media, Physical Review, vol.115, issue.3, pp.503-517, 1959.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.115.503

F. F. Chen, Introduction to plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 1984.

&. Couillaud, C. Haouat, G. Couillaud, and . Haouat, Le rayonnement de transition optique: I. Etude numérique des distributions angulaires et spectrales, 1999.

J. R. Davies, A. R. Bell, M. G. Haines, and S. M. Guérin, Short-pulse high-intensity laser-generated fast electron transport into thick solid targets, Physical Review E, vol.56, issue.6, pp.7193-7203, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.7193

J. M. Dawson, Nonlinear Electron Oscillations in a Cold Plasma, Physical Review, vol.113, issue.2, pp.383-387, 1959.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.113.383

C. Deutsch, H. Furukawa, K. Mima, M. Murakami, and K. Nishihara, Interaction Physics of the Fast Ignitor Concept, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.12, pp.2483-2486, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.2483

F. R. Egerton, Electron enery-loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope, 1986.

L. R. Elton, Introductory nuclear theory, 1966.

R. G. Evans, E. L. Clark, R. T. Eagleton, A. M. Dunne, R. D. Edwards et al., Rapid heating of solid density material by the Vulcan petawatt laser, Central Laser Facility Annual Report, pp.12-14, 2003.

E. Fermi, The Ionization Loss of Energy in Gases and in Condensed Materials, Physical Review, vol.57, issue.6, pp.485-483, 1940.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.57.485

F. Floux, D. Cognard, L. Denoeud, G. Piar, D. Parisot et al., Nuclear Fusion Reactions in Solid-Deuterium Laser-Produced Plasma, Physical Review A, vol.1, issue.3, pp.821-824, 1970.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.1.821

D. Forslund, J. Kindel, and K. Lee, Theory of Hot-Electron Spectra at High Laser Intensity, Physical Review Letters, vol.39, issue.5, pp.284-288, 1977.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.284

R. W. Freidberg, R. L. Mitchell, L. I. Morse, and . Rudsinski, Resonant Absorption of Laser Light by Plasma Targets, Physical Review Letters, vol.28, issue.13, pp.795-799, 1972.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.795

&. Gibbon, P. Bell, A. R. Gibbon, and . Bell, Collisionless absorption in sharp-edged plasmas, Physical Review Letters, vol.68, issue.10, pp.1535-1538, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1535

&. Ginzburg, V. L. Frank, I. M. Ginzburg, and . Frank, Radiation of a uniformly moving electron due to its transition from one medium into another, J. Phys. USSR, vol.9, pp.353-362, 1945.

&. Ginzburg, V. L. Frank, I. M. Ginzburg, and . Frank, To the Theory of Transition Radiation, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol.16, p.15, 1946.

D. Gordon, K. C. Tzeng, C. E. Clayton, A. E. Dangor, V. Malka et al., Observation of Electron Energies Beyond the Linear Dephasing Limit from a Laser-Excited Relativistic Plasma Wave, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.10, pp.2133-2136, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2133

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01164936

H. Bandulet and . Pépin, Time-Resolved Observation of Ultrahigh Intensity Laser-Produced Electron Jets Propagating through Transparent Solid Targets, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.83, pp.5015-5018, 1999.

S. Guérin, P. Mora, J. C. Adam, A. Héron, and G. Laval, Propagation of ultraintense laser pulses through overdense plasma layers, Physics of Plasmas, vol.3, issue.7, pp.2693-2701, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.871526

W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiation, 1954.

E. Henry, Equation d'état et métallisation de l'eau comprimée par choc laser, 2003.

J. H. Hubbell, J. Hubbell, and R. D. Birkhoff, Calorimetric measurement of electron stopping power of aluminum and copper between 11 and 127 keV, Physical Review A, vol.26, issue.5, pp.2460-2467, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.26.2460

M. H. Key, M. D. Cable, T. E. Cowan, K. G. Estabrook, B. A. Hammel et al., Hot electron production and heating by hot electrons in fast ignitor research, Hot electron production and heating by hot electrons in fast ignitor research, pp.1966-1972, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.872867

P. Martinolli, P. Norreys, E. Parks, M. Perelli-cippo, M. Rabec-le-gloahec et al., Studies of Electron Transport and Isochoric Heating and Their Applicability to Fast Ignition, IFSA Proceedings, pp.353-358, 2003.

R. Kodama, H. Shiraga, K. Shigemori, Y. Toyama, S. Fujioka et al., Nuclear fusion: Fast heating scalable to laser fusion ignition, Nature, vol.4, issue.6901, pp.933-934, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1458588

W. L. Kruer, Ponderomotive and thermal filamentation of laser light, Comments Plasma Phys, Controlled Fusion, vol.9, pp.63-72, 1985.

W. L. Kruer, Intense laser plasma interactions: From Janus to Nova, Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, vol.3, issue.8, pp.2356-2366, 1991.
DOI : 10.1063/1.859604

L. Landau, The Classical Theory of Fields, Landau, 1975.

A. B. Lasinski, S. P. Langdon, M. H. Hatchett, M. Key, and . Tabak, Particle-in-cell simulations of ultra intense laser pulses propagating through overdense plasma for fast-ignitor and radiography applications, Physics of Plasmas, vol.6, issue.5, pp.2041-2047, 1999.
DOI : 10.1063/1.873496

G. Lefebvre and . Bonnaud, Transparency/Opacity of a Solid Target Illuminated by an Ultrahigh-Intensity Laser Pulse, Physical Review Letters, vol.74, issue.11, pp.2002-2005, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2002

J. D. Lindl, R. L. Mccrory, and E. M. Campbell, Progress toward Ignition and Burn Propagation in Inertial Confinement Fusion, Physics Today, vol.45, issue.9, pp.32-40, 1992.
DOI : 10.1063/1.881318

R. V. Lovelace and R. N. Sudan, Plasma Heating by High-Current Relativistic Electron Beams, Physical Review Letters, vol.27, issue.19, pp.1256-1259, 1971.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.1256

A. J. Mackinnon, Y. Sentoku, P. K. Patel, D. W. Price, S. Hatchett et al., Enhancement of Proton Acceleration by Hot-Electron Recirculation in Thin Foils Irradiated by Ultraintense Laser Pulses, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.21, p.215006, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.215006

G. Malka and J. L. , Experimental Confirmation of Ponderomotive-Force Electrons Produced by an Ultrarelativistic Laser Pulse on a Solid Target, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.1, pp.75-78, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.75

E. Martinolli, M. Koenig, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, L. Gremillet et al., Fast electron heating of a solid target in ultrahigh-intensity laser pulse interaction, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.5, p.55402, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.055402

C. E. Max and J. Arons, Self-Modulation and Self-Focusing of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas, Physical Review Letters, vol.33, issue.4, pp.209-212, 1974.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.209

A. Modena, Z. Najmudin, A. E. Dangor, C. E. Clayton, K. A. Marsh et al., Electron acceleration from the breaking of relativistic plasma waves, Nature, vol.377, issue.6550, pp.606-608, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/377606a0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01164880

P. Mora, Plasma Expansion into a Vacuum, Physical Review Letters, vol.90, issue.18, p.185002, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.185002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01166839

M. K. Nigam, T. Sundaresan, and . Wu, Theory of Multiple Scattering: Second Born Approximation and Corrections to Moli??re's Work, Physical Review, vol.115, issue.3, pp.491-502, 1959.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.115.491

J. Nuckolls, L. Wood, A. Thiessen, and G. Zimmerman, Laser Compression of Matter to Super-High Densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) Applications, Laser Compression of Matter to Super-High Densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) Applications, pp.139-142, 1972.
DOI : 10.1038/239139a0

C. Djaoui, P. Rousseaux, H. Fews, H. Bandulet, and . Pépin, Experimental evidence of electric inhibition in fast electron penetration and of electricfield-limited fast electron transport in dense matter, Phys. Rev. E, vol.62, pp.5927-5930, 2000.

A. Adam, D. Heron, and . Batani, Subfemtosecond, coherent, relativistic, and ballistic electron bunches generated at ? 0 and 2? 0 in high intensity lasermatter interaction, Phys. Plasmas, vol.12, p.63106, 2005.

R. Ramis, R. Schmalz, and J. Meyer-ter-vehn, MULTI ??? A computer code for one-dimensional multigroup radiation hydrodynamics, Computer Physics Communications, vol.49, issue.3, pp.475-505, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-4655(88)90008-2

&. Rozmus, W. Tikhonchuk, V. T. Rozmus, and . Tikhonchuk, Heating of solid targets by subpicosecond laser pulses, Physical Review A, vol.46, issue.12, pp.7810-7814, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.7810

W. Rozmus, V. T. Tikhonchuk, and R. Cauble, A model of ultrashort laser pulse absorption in solid targets, Physics of Plasmas, vol.3, issue.1, pp.360-367, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.871861

J. J. Santos, F. Amiranoff, S. D. Baton, L. Gremillet, M. Koenig et al., Fast Electron Transport in Ultraintense Laser Pulse Interaction with Solid Targets by Rear-Side Self-Radiation Diagnostics, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.2, p.25001, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.025001

J. J. Santos, Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-solide à très haut flux, 2003.

K. Sentoku, Z. M. Mima, P. Sheng, K. Kaw, K. Nishihara et al., Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of energetic electron generation and transport with relativistic laser pulses in overdense plasmas, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.4, p.46408, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046408

R. M. Sternheimer and R. F. Peierls, General Expression for the Density Effect for the Ionization Loss of Charged Particles, Physical Review B, vol.3, issue.11, pp.3681-3692, 1971.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.3.3681

E. Storm, J. D. Lindl, E. M. Campbell, T. P. Berrat, L. W. Coleman et al., Progress in laboratory high gain ICF (inertial confinement fusion): Prospects for the future, 1988.

&. Strickland, D. Mourou, G. Strickland, and . Mourou, Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses, Optics Communications, vol.56, issue.3, pp.219-221, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(85)90120-8

M. Tabak, J. Hammer, M. E. Glinsky, W. L. Kruer, S. C. Wiks et al., Ignition and high gain with ultrapowerful lasers*, Physics of Plasmas, vol.1, issue.5, pp.1626-1634, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.870664

H. Takabe, K. Mima, L. Montierth, and R. L. Morse, Self-consistent growth rate of the Rayleigh???Taylor instability in an ablatively accelerating plasma, Physics of Fluids, vol.28, issue.12, pp.3676-3682, 1985.
DOI : 10.1063/1.865099

U. Teubner, K. Eidmann, U. Wagner, U. Andiel, F. Pisani et al., Harmonic Emission from the Rear Side of Thin Overdense Foils Irradiated with Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.18, p.185001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.185001

V. T. Tichonchuk, Interaction of a beam of fast electrons with solids, Physics of Plasmas, vol.9, issue.4, pp.1416-1421, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1459061

V. V. Val-'chuk, N. B. Volkov, and A. P. Yalovets, Energy losses of fast electrons in a beam plasma, Plasma Phys, Reports, vol.21, pp.159-164, 1995.

K. B. Wharton, S. P. Hatchett, S. C. Wilks, M. H. Key, J. D. Moody et al., ) Laser-Plasma Interactions on Solid-Density Targets, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.4, pp.822-825, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.822

&. Wilks, S. C. Kruer, W. L. Wilks, and . Kruer, Absorption of ultrashort, ultra-intense laser light by solids and overdense plasmas, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.33, issue.11, pp.1954-1968, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/3.641310

S. C. Wilks, W. L. Kruer, M. Tabak, and A. B. Langdon, Absorption of ultra-intense laser pulses, Physical Review Letters, vol.69, issue.9, pp.1383-1386, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1383

W. L. Yang, R. M. Kruer, A. B. More, and . Langdon, Absorption of laser light in overdense plasmas by sheath inverse bremsstrahlung, Physics of Plasmas, vol.2, issue.8, pp.3146-3154, 1995.
DOI : 10.1063/1.871146

M. H. Key, S. P. Hatchett, R. A. Snavely, and K. B. Wharton, Hot electron diagnostic in a solid laser target by K-shell lines measurement from ultraintense laser?plasma interactions, 2001.

J. Zheng, K. A. Tanaka, T. Miyakoshi, Y. Kitagawa, R. Kodama et al., Theoretical study of transition radiation from hot electrons generated in the laser???solid interaction, Physics of Plasmas, vol.10, issue.7, pp.2994-3003, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1576388

J. Zheng, K. A. Tanaka, T. Sato, T. Yabuuchi, T. Kurahashi et al., Study of Hot Electrons by Measurement of Optical Emission from the Rear Surface of a Metallic Foil Irradiated with Ultraintense Laser Pulse, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.16, p.165001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.165001

G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Numerical simulation of laserinitiated fusion Comment Plasma Phys, Controlled Fusion, vol.2, pp.51-61, 1975.