. Objectproperty, 1 o 1 ) ? annotation(p k o k ) super(s 1 ) ? super(s n ) domain(d 1 ) ? domain(d n ) range(r 1 ) ? range(r n ), inverse(i)] [Symmetric] [Functional] [InverseFunctional] [Transitive]) [ <S(p),S(owl:DeprecatedProperty)> ? ER(rdf:type)

. Sameindividual, 1 ? i n ) pour n > 1 S(i j ) = S(i k ) <i j ,i k > ? ER(owl:sameAs) pour 1 ? j < k ? n SameIndividual

>. <i-j,-i-k and . Ervp-(-vpo, owl:sameAs) pour 1 ? j < k ? n DifferentIndividuals(i 1 ? i n ) pour n > 1 S(i j ) ? S(i k ) pour 1 ? j < k ? n selon des points de vue des utilisateurs, de naviguer contextuellement dans la base des connaissances ou la mémoire d'entreprise selon les points de vue des utilisateurs

. Bibliographie and . Bach, On Ontology Matching Problems (for building a corporate Semantic Web in a multi-communities organization) Proceedings of ICEIS, pp.14-17, 2004.

D. Bach, T. L. Bach, and R. Et-dieng-kuntz, Measuring Similarity of Elements in OWL Ontologies, AAAI'2005 workshop on Contexts and Ontologies: Theory, Practice and Applications, pp.96-99, 2005.

S. Bechhofer, . Owl-reasoning, and . Examplesbenerecetti, On the Dimensions of Context Dependence: Partiality, Approximation, and Perspective The semanticweb, Proc. of CONTEXT Sci Am, vol.284, issue.5, pp.59-721206, 2000.

D. G. Bobrow, T. Et-winograd, P. Bouquet, F. Giunchiglia, F. Van-harmelen et al., An Overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language, Contextualizing Ontologies. International Semantic Web Conference 2003. et Kerbosch, J. Finding All the Cliques in an Undirected Graph. Communication of the Association for Computing Machinery 16, pp.3-46, 1973.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog0101_2

. Bunke, A Comparison of Algorithms for Maximum Common Subgraph on Randomly Connected Graphs. SSPR/SPR Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition, pp.123-132, 2002.

. Castano, Global viewing of heterogeneous data sources, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol.13, issue.2, pp.277-297, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/69.917566

. Cohen, A comparison of string metrics for matching names and records, Proc. KDD-2003 Workshop on Data Cleaning and Object Consolidation, 2003.

C. Et-faron-]-corby, O. Et-faron, and C. , Corese: A corporate semantic web engine, proceedings of the International Workshop on Real World RDF and Semantic Web Applications, 11th International World Wide Web Conference, 2002.

. Corcho, O. Gomez-perez-]-corcho, A. Et-gomez-perez, T. Cox, M. Et-cox et al., Solving Integration Problems of E-Commerce Standards and Initiatives through Ontological Mappings. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing Similarity-based models of word cooccurrence probabilities, Multidimensional Scaling. Chapman and Hall, pp.131-1401, 1994.

. Aquin, Knowledge editing and maintenance tools for a semantic portal in ontology, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.62, issue.5, pp.619-638, 2003.

H. David, Views : Multiple perspectives and structured objects in a knowledge representation language, 1987.

L. Dekker and . Frome, Représentation multiple et classification d'objets avec points de vue, Thèse de doctorat, 1994.

. Dieng, . Hug, R. Dieng, and S. Et-hug, Comparison of "personal ontologies" represented through conceptual graphs, Proc. 13th ECAIDieng et Hug, 1998b] Dieng, R. et Hug, S. MULTIKAT, a Tool for Comparing Knowledge from Multiple Experts. Dans Proc. of the 6th Int. Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS'98), pp.341-345, 1998.

. Dieng, Ontologies pour un Web sémantique d'entreprise. Chapitre 1 de Gestion Dynamique des Connaissances Industrielles, et Rahm, E. Coma ? a system for flexible combination of schema matching approaches. Dans Proc. VLDB, pp.610-621, 2002.

. Doan, Learning source descriptions for data integration, pp.81-92, 2000.

. Doan, Reconciling schemas of disparate data sources: A machine-learning approach, Proceeding of SIGMOD, 2001.

. Doan, Learning to map between ontologies on the semantic web, Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '02, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/511446.511532

. Doan, Learning to, Domingos et Pazzani, 1997] Domingos, P. et Pazzani, M. On the Optimality of the Simple Bayesian Classifier under Zero-One Loss. Machine Learning, p.103, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00263509

. Durban, Biological sequence analysis -Probabilistic models of proteins and nucleic acids, 1998.

S. Ehrig, Ontology Mapping ??? An Integrated Approach, Proc. 1st ESWS, Hersounisous (GR), pp.76-91
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-25956-5_6

. Euzenat, . Valtchev, J. Euzenat, and P. Et-valtchev, Similarity-based ontology alignment in OWL-lite, Proc. 15th ECAI, Valencia (ES), 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00918127

M. Falquet, . Jiang, G. Falquet, M. Jiang, and C. L. , Navigation hypertexte dans une ontologie multi-points de vue, Proc. NimesTIC-01 conf, 2001.

M. Falquet, . Jiang, G. Falquet, M. Jiang, and C. L. , A Model for the Collaborative Design of Multi Point-of-View Terminological Knowledge Bases, Knowledge Management and Organizational Memories, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-0947-9_17

. Fellegi, . Sunter, I. P. Fellegi, and A. B. Sunter, A Theory for Record Linkage, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.63, issue.328, pp.1183-1210, 1969.
DOI : 10.1126/science.130.3381.954

. Gandon, Semantic Web and Multi- Agents Approach to Corporate Memory Management. Dans 17th IFIP World Computer Congress. IIP Track-Intelligent Information Processing Distributed Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management: ontologies and multi-agent systems for a corporate semantic web, pp.103-115, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-35602-0_10

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146243

. Gangemi, An overview of the ONIONS project: Applying ontologies to the integration of medical terminologies, Data and Knowledge Engineering, pp.183-220, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-023X(99)00023-3

J. Garey, M. R. Garey, D. S. Johnson, L. M. Garshol, and L. M. Garshol, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NPCompleteness Living with topic maps and RDF The RTM RDF to topic maps mapping: Definition and introduction, et Giunchiglia, F. Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning = Locality + Compatibility, pp.221-259, 1979.

. Giunchiglia, . Serafini, F. Giunchiglia, and L. Et-serafini, Multilanguage hierarchical logics, or: How we can do without modal logics, Artificial Intelligence, vol.65, issue.1, pp.29-70, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(94)90037-X

. Giunchiglia, . Shvaiko, F. Giunchiglia, and P. Et-shvaiko, Semantic matching, Proc. IJCAI 2003 Workshop on ontologies and distributed systemsGiunchiglia et Yatskevich, 2004] Giunchiglia F. et Yatskevich M. Element Level Semantic Matching. dans Meaning Coordination and Negotiation workshop at ISWC'04, pp.139-146, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/S0269888904000074

. Giunchiglia, Match: an algorithm and an implementation of semantic matching Descriptions for a programming environment, Proceedings of ESWS 2004, Heraklion (GR) Proc. of the first Annual conference on artificial intelligence, AAAI-1. Ontological Engineering. XII, 403 p., 159 illus, pp.61-75, 1980.

. Grosof, Description logic programs, Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '03, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/775152.775160

T. R. Gruber, A translation approach to portable ontology specifications, Knowledge Acquisition, vol.5, issue.2, pp.199-220, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/knac.1993.1008

G. Guarino, N. Guarino, and P. Et-giaretta, Ontologies and knowledge bases-towards a terminalogical clarification, Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases -Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing 1995, pp.25-32, 1995.

. Horrocks, From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: the making of a Web Ontology Language, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, vol.1, issue.1, pp.7-26, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.websem.2003.07.001

M. A. Jaro, Advances in Record-Linkage Methodology as Applied to Matching the 1985 Census of Tampa, Florida, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.81, issue.406, pp.414-420, 1985.
DOI : 10.1080/01621459.1989.10478785

G. Levi, A Note on the Derivation of Maximal Common Subgraphs of Two Directed or Undirected Graphs. Calcolo, pp.341-354, 1972.

L. , C. Li, W. S. Et-clifton, and C. , Semint: a tool for identifying attribute correspondences in heterogeneous databases using neural networks, Data Knowl.Eng, vol.33, issue.1, pp.49-84, 2000.

J. B. Lovins, Development of a stemming algorithm, Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol.11, pp.22-31, 1968.

M. Et-staab-]-mädche, A. Et-staab, and S. , Measuring similarity between ontologies, Proc. Of the 13th Int. Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Management, 2002.

. Madhavan, Generic schema matching with cupid, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp.49-58, 2001.

O. Marino, Raisonnement classificatoire dans une représentation multi-points de vue, 1993.

W. Martin, Description and Specialization of Concepts, Eds. Artificial Intelligence, 1979.

M. Maynard, D. G. Et-ananiadou, and S. , Term extraction using a similarity-based approach, Recent Advances in Computational Terminology. John Benjamins, 1999.
DOI : 10.1075/nlp.2.14may

J. Mccarthy and J. J. Mcgregor, Notes on formalizing context, Proc. of the 13 th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'93 Backtrack Search Algorithms and the Maximal Common Subgraph Problem. Software Practice and Experience, pp.23-34, 1982.

. Mcguinness, An environment for merging and testing large ontologies, Proceeding of KR, pp.483-493, 2000.

. Melnik, Similarity Flooding: A Versatile Graph Matching Algorithm, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/icde.2002.994702

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.2192

A. G. Miller, WordNet: a lexical database for English, Communications of the ACM, vol.38, issue.11, pp.39-41, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/219717.219748

M. Et-zohar-]-milo, T. Zohar, and S. , Using schema matching to simplify heterogeneous data translation, Proc24th Int Conf On Very Large Data Bases, pp.122-133, 1998.

M. Et-elkan-]-monge, A. Et-elkan, and C. , The field-matching problem: algorithm and applications, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 1996.

. Neches, Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing, pp.36-56, 1991.

A. Newell and . Nguyen, The Knowledge Level Artificial Intelligence. 18 An Object Model for Engineering Design, Proc. of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. ECOOP'92. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.87-127, 1982.

. Noy-et-musen, N. Noy, and M. Et-musen, Anchor-PROMPT: Using non-local context for semantic matching, Proc. IJCAI 2001 workshop on ontology and information sharing, pp.63-70, 2001.

. Palopoli, Semi-automatic, semantic discovery of properties from database schemas, Proc Int. Database Engineering and Applications Symp. (IDEAS), pp.244-253, 1998.

. Patel-schneider, OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation, 2004.

. Pepper, A Survey of RDF/Topic Maps Interoperability Proposals. W3C Working Group Note, 2006.

. Pinto, . Martins, H. S. Pinto, and J. P. Et-martins, A methodology for ontology integration, Proceedings of the international conference on Knowledge capture , K-CAP 2001, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/500737.500759

M. F. Porter, E. Rahm, and P. Et-bernstein, An Algorithm for Suffix Stripping, Program A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching, VLDB Journal, vol.14, issue.104, pp.130-137334, 1980.

R. Et-dieng-]-ribière, M. Dieng, and R. , Introduction of Viewpoints in Conceptual Graph Formalism, ICCS, vol.1997, pp.168-182, 1997.

R. Et-dieng-]-ribière, M. Dieng, and R. , A Viewpoint Model for Cooperative Building of an Ontology, ICCS, vol.2002, pp.220-234, 2002.

. Shvaiko, . Euzenat, P. Shvaiko, and J. Euzenat, A Survey of Schema-Based Matching Approaches, Journal on Data Semantics, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11603412_5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00922287

J. Sowa, On conceptual structures, Artificial Intelligence, vol.34, issue.3, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(88)90069-0

. Valtchev, . Euzenat, . Valtchev, and J. Et-euzenat, Dissimilarity measure for collections of objects et values, Proc. 2nd Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis, pp.259-272, 1997.

. Visser, Analysis of ontology mismatches Ontology-Based Integration of Information -A Survey of Existing Approaches The state of record linkage and current research problems, AAAI. Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering Proc. of the IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing Statistics of Income Division, Internal Revenue Service Publication R99, 1997.