. Dans-lapremì-ere-méthode, une onde plasma de vitesse de phase très proche de c est excitée. Cette méthode donne lieu auxénergiesauxénergies les plusélevéesplusélevées, car l'´ energie maximale desélectronsdesélectrons accélérés

L. Fig, 4 montre une image d'ombroscopie typique obtenue dans notre expérience (ici ? t est le retard entre le faisceau laser principal CPA et le faisceau sonde) En changeant ? t, il est possible de reconstruire l'´ evolution de la région ionisée dans le gaz (région foncée dans l'image d'ombroscopie dans la Fig

L. Fig, 11.5 donne un sommaire de nos résultats pour différents gaz et différentes pressions

. La-pente-de, En réalité en regardant attentivement les données, nous voyons unepremì ere phase d'expansion rapide suivie d'un ralentissement. C'estparticulì erement clair dans la série avec Hè a 30 bar, qui se prolongè a des plus long retards. Plusieurs caractéristiquescaractéristiquesémergent clairement: ? (i) la vitesse d'expansion du nuage d'´ electrons est toutàtoutà fait subrelativiste

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