D. F. Adams and D. E. Walrath, Current Status of the Iosipescu Shear Test Method, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.21, issue.6, pp.494-507, 1987.
DOI : 10.1177/002199838702100601

S. Aicher, G. Dill-langer, and L. Höfflin, Effect of Polar Anisotropy of Wood Loaded Perpendicular to Grain, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol.13, issue.1, pp.2-9, 2001.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2001)13:1(2)

E. I. Alloba, Extensométrie optique: Aspects métrologiques et application à la mécanique expérimentale des composites, 1997.

M. Arcan, Z. Hashin, and A. Voloshin, A method to produce uniform plane-stress states with applications to fiber-reinforced materials, Experimental Mechanics, vol.31, issue.5, pp.141-146, 1976.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02324146

S. Avril and F. Pierron, General framework for the identification of constitutive parameters from full-field measurements in linear elasticity, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.44, issue.14-15, pp.14-154978, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.12.018

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00502477

S. Avril, E. Ferrier, A. Vautrin, P. Hamelin, and Y. Surrel, A full-field optical method for the experimental analysis of reinforced concrete beams repaired with composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.873-884, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.012

S. Avril, M. Grédiac, and F. Pierron, Sensitivity of the virtual fields method to noisy data, Computational Mechanics, vol.34, issue.6, pp.439-452, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00466-004-0589-6

E. Badel and P. Perré, Using a digital X-ray imaging device to measure the swelling coefficients of a group of wood cells, NDT & E International, vol.34, issue.5, pp.345-353, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00072-4

J. Bodig and R. Goodman, Prediction of elastic parameters for wood, Wood Science, vol.5, issue.4, pp.249-264, 1973.

L. Boström, Determination of the modulus of elasticity in bending of structural timber comparison of two methods. Holz als Roh -und Werkstoff, pp.145-149, 1999.

T. Bothe, J. Burke, and H. Helmers, Spatial phase shifting in electronic speckle pattern interferometry: minimization of phase reconstruction errors, Applied Optics, vol.36, issue.22, pp.5310-5316, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.36.005310

J. Brillaud and F. Lagattu, Limits and possibilities of laser speckle and white-light image-correlation methods: theory and experiments, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.31, pp.6603-6613, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.006603

L. Bruno, Global approach for fitting 2D interferometric data, Optics Express, vol.15, issue.8, pp.4835-4847, 2007.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.15.004835

L. Bruno, F. M. Furgiuele, L. Pagnotta, and A. Poggialini, A full-field approach for the elastic characterization of anisotropic materials, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol.37, issue.4, pp.417-431, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0143-8166(01)00120-8

J. F. Cárdenas-garcía, S. Ekwaro-osire, J. M. Berg, and W. H. Wilson, Non-linear leastsquares solution to the moiré hole method problem in orthotropic materials. Part II: Material elastic constants, Experimental Mechanics, vol.45, issue.4, pp.314-324, 2005.

P. Castéra and P. Morlier, Variability of the Mechanical Properties of Wood: Randomness and Determinism, Probabilities and materials. Test models and applications, volume NATO ASI Series E: Appl Sci 269, pp.109-118, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-1142-3_12

H. Chalal, S. Avril, F. Pierron, and F. Meraghni, Experimental identification of a nonlinear model for composites using the grid technique coupled to the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.37, issue.2, pp.315-325, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.020

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00505330

C. C. Chamis and J. H. Sinclair, Ten-deg off-axis test for shear properties in fiber composites, Experimental Mechanics, vol.17, issue.9, pp.339-346, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02326320

D. Choi, J. L. Thorpe, W. A. Jr, R. B. Côté, and . Hanna, Quantification of compression failure propagation in wood using digital image pattern recognition, Forest Products Journal, issue.10, pp.4687-91, 1996.

G. L. Cloud, Optical methods in experimental mechanics, Part, vol.23, issue.305, pp.19-22, 2006.

G. L. Cloud, Optical methods of engineering analysis, 1995.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511575013

T. E. Conners and P. J. Medvecz, Wood as a bimodular material, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.24, issue.4, pp.413-423, 1992.

R. R. Cordero and P. Roth, On two methods to evaluate the uncertainty of derivatives calculated from polynomials fitted to experimental data, Metrologia, vol.42, issue.1, pp.39-44, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/42/1/005

K. Creath, Phase-shifting speckle interferometry, Applied Optics, vol.24, issue.18, pp.3053-3058, 1985.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.24.003053

J. W. Dally and F. R. William, Experimental stress analysis, 1991.

D. Magistris and L. Salmén, Combined shear and compression analysis using the Iosipescu device: analytical and experimental studies of medium density fiberboard, Wood Science and Technology, vol.37, issue.6, pp.509-521, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-003-0217-1

F. , D. Magistris, and L. Salmén, Combined shear and compression analyis using a modified Iosipescu shear test device. Experimental studies on dry wood, Holzforschung, vol.59, issue.5, pp.539-545, 2005.

J. M. Dinwoodie, Timber: Its nature and behaviour, 2000.
DOI : 10.4324/9780203477878

B. V. Dorrío and J. L. Fernández, Phase-evaluation methods in whole-field optical measurement techniques, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.10, issue.3, pp.33-55, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/10/3/005

P. Doumalin, Microextensométrie Locale par Corrélation d'Images Numériques, 2000.

J. Dumail and L. Salmén, Intra-Ring Variations in the Rolling Shear Modulus of Spruce Wood, Holzforschung, vol.55, issue.5, pp.549-553, 2001.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2001.088

J. Dumail, K. Olofsson, and L. Salmén, An Analysis of Rolling Shear of Spruce Wood by the Iosipescu Method, Holzforschung, vol.54, issue.4, pp.420-426, 2000.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2000.070

J. Eberhardsteiner, Biaxial testing of orthotropic materials using electronic speckle pattern interferometry, Measurement, vol.16, issue.3, pp.139-148, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0263-2241(95)00019-4

G. Ebrahimi and S. Sliker, Measurement of shear modulus in wood by a tension test, Wood Science, vol.13, issue.3, pp.171-176, 1981.

R. El-hajjar and R. Haj-ali, In-plane shear testing of thick-section pultruded FRP composites using a modified Arcan fixture, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol.35, issue.5, pp.421-428, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesb.2003.12.004

A. Foudjet, C. Surry, and J. F. Jullien, Indirect identification methods for the elastic constants of orthotropic materials and their application to wood, Wood Science and Technology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.215-222, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00353870

D. Garcia, J. J. Orteu, and L. Penazzi, A combined temporal tracking and stereocorrelation technique for accurate measurement of 3D displacements: Application to sheet metal forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp.125-126736, 2002.

K. J. Gåsvik, Optical metrology, 2002.

L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular solids. Structure and properties, 1997.

A. Giraudeau, B. Guo, and F. Pierron, Stiffness and Damping Identification from Full Field Measurements on Vibrating Plates, Experimental Mechanics, vol.24, issue.3, pp.777-787, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-006-9477-7

N. Goldenberg, M. Arcan, and E. Nicolau, On the Most Suitable Specimen Shape for Testing Shear Strength of Plastics, International Symposium on Plastics Testing and Standardization, ASTM STP 247, pp.115-121, 1958.
DOI : 10.1520/STP44200S

M. Grédiac, Principe des travaux virtuels et identification Comptes Rendus de l, Académie des Sciences, vol.309, issue.2, pp.1-5, 1989.

M. Grédiac, The use of heterogeneous strain fields for the characterization of composite materials, Composites Science and Technology, vol.56, issue.7, pp.841-846, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-3538(96)00030-9

M. Grédiac, The use of full-field measurement methods in composite material characterization: interest and limitations, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.751-761, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.019

M. Grédiac, E. Toussaint, and F. Pierron, Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 2??????Application to in-plane properties, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.39, issue.10, pp.2707-2730, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00128-2

M. Grédiac, F. Pierron, S. Avril, and E. Toussaint, The Virtual Fields Method for Extracting Constitutive Parameters From Full-Field Measurements: a Review, Strain, vol.55, issue.4, pp.233-253, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2006.tb01504.x

D. W. Green, J. E. Winandy, and D. E. Kretschmann, Mechanical properties of wood In Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material General technical report FPL; GTR-113, 1999.

D. Guitard, Mécanique du matériau bois et composites. Cepaduès-Editions, Collection Nabla, 1987.

R. Hernandez, Analysis of strain in finger-jointed lumber, th World Conference on Timber Engineering, 1998.

F. Hild, B. Raka, M. Baudequin, S. Roux, and F. Cantelaube, Multiscale displacement field measurements of compressed mineral-wool samples by digital image correlation, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.32, pp.416815-6828, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.006815

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002901

H. Ho, M. Y. Tsai, J. Morton, and G. L. Farley, Numerical analysis of the Iosipescu specimen for composite materials, Composites Science and Technology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.115-128, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-3538(93)90167-F

S. Holmberg, K. Persson, and H. Petersson, Nonlinear mechanical behaviour and analysis of wood and fibre materials, Computers & Structures, vol.72, issue.4-5, pp.459-480, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-7949(98)00331-9

S. Hung and K. M. Liechi, An evaluation of the arcan specimen for determining the shear moduli of fiber-reinforced composites, Experimental Mechanics, vol.50, issue.6???7, pp.460-468, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02317314

Y. Y. Hung and H. P. Ho, Shearography: An optical measurement technique and applications, Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol.49, issue.3, pp.61-87, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.001

J. M. Huntley and H. Saldner, Temporal phase-unwrapping algorithm for automated interferogram analysis, Applied Optics, vol.32, issue.17, pp.3047-3052, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.32.003047

P. G. Ifju, The shear gage: For reliable shear modulus measurements of composite materials, Experimental Mechanics, vol.15, issue.1, pp.369-378, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02325152

J. J. Janowiak and R. F. Pellerin, Shear moduli determination using torsional stiffness measurements, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.24, issue.4, pp.392-400, 1992.

L. O. Jernkvist and F. Thuvander, Experimental Determination of Stiffness Variation Across Growth Rings in Picea abies, Holzforschung, vol.55, issue.3, pp.309-317, 2001.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2001.051

R. M. Jones, Mechanics of composite materials. Taylor and Francis, 1999.

J. Kajberg and G. Lindkvist, Characterisation of materials subjected to large strains by inverse modelling based on in-plane displacement fields, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.41, issue.13, pp.413439-3459, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.021

C. Kao, G. -. Yeh, S. Lee, C. Lee, C. Yang et al., Phase-shifting algorithms for electronic speckle pattern interferometry, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.1, pp.46-54, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.000046

M. Kawai, M. Morishita, H. Satoh, S. Tomura, and K. Kemmochi, Effects of end-tab shape on strain field of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite specimens subjected to off-axis tension, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.28, issue.3, pp.267-275, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00122-4

J. Kim, F. Pierron, M. R. Wisnom, and K. Syed-muhamad, Identification of the local stiffness reduction of a damaged composite plate using the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.38, issue.9, pp.2065-2075, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.04.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351689

R. Kliger, M. Perstorper, and G. Johansson, Stiffness in structural timber -Effect according to position in the stem, IUFRO/S5.02 Timber Engineering Meeting, 1992.

R. Kliger, M. Perstorper, and G. Johansson, Bending properties of Norway spruce timber. Comparison between fast- and slow-grown stands and influence of radial position of sawn timber, Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.55, issue.3, pp.349-358, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19980306

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883206

F. P. Kollman and W. A. Côté-jr, Principles of wood science and technology ? Solid wood, 1984.

J. Konnerth, A. Valla, W. Gindl, and U. Müller, Measurement of strain distribution in timber finger joints, Wood Science and Technology, vol.53, issue.1, pp.631-636, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-006-0090-9

L. , L. Magorou, F. Bos, and F. Rouger, Identification of constitutive laws for woodbased panels by means of an inverse method, Composite Science and Technology, vol.62, issue.4, pp.591-596, 2002.

D. Lecompte, Elastic and elasto-plastic material parameter identification by inverse modeling of static tests using digital image correlation, 2007.

J. Lee, J. Molimard, A. Vautrin, and Y. Surrel, Digital phase-shifting grating shearography for experimental analysis of fabric composites under tension, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.849-859, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.022

J. Lee, J. Molimard, A. Vautrin, and Y. Surrel, Application of grating shearography and speckle shearography to mechanical analysis of composite material, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.965-976, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.023

H. Lindström, P. Harris, and R. Nakada, Methods for measuring stiffness of young trees. Holz als Roh -und Werkstoff, pp.165-174, 2002.

J. Y. Liu, Effects of shear coupling on shear properties of wood, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.32, issue.4, pp.458-465, 2000.

J. Y. Liu, Analysis of off-axis tension test of wood specimens, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.34, issue.2, pp.205-211, 2002.

J. Y. Liu and R. J. Ross, Relationship between radial compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of wood, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.37, issue.2, pp.201-206, 2005.

J. Ljungdahl, L. A. Berglund, and M. Burman, Transverse anisotropy of compressive failure in European oak ??? a digital speckle photography study, Holzforschung, vol.60, issue.2, pp.190-195, 2006.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2006.031

J. L. Lousada, Variação fenotípica e genética em características estruturais na madeira de Pinus pinaster Ait, 2000.

J. S. Machado and H. P. Cruz, Within stem variation of Maritime Pine timber mechanical properties. Holz als Roh -und Werkstoff, pp.154-159, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00107-004-0560-4

S. Mamada, J. Yamada, and S. Hirai, Shearing moduli of plywood, hardboard and particle board, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, vol.5, issue.4, pp.127-130, 1959.

L. N. Melin and J. M. Neumeister, Measuring constitutive shear behavior of orthotropic composites and evaluation of the modified Iosipescu test, Composite Structures, vol.76, issue.1-2, pp.106-115, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.06.016

M. H. Meuwissen, C. W. Oomens, F. P. Baaijens, R. Petterson, and J. D. Janssen, Determination of the elasto-plastic properties of aluminium using a mixed numericalexperimental method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.75, pp.1-3204, 1998.

D. Mohr and M. Doyoyo, A new method for the biaxial testing of cellular solids, Experimental Mechanics, vol.1, issue.7, pp.173-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02410498

J. Molimard, R. Le-riche, A. Vautrin, and J. Lee, Identification of the four orthotropic plate stiffnesses using a single open-hole tensile test, Experimental Mechanics, vol.4, issue.1, pp.404-411, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02427987

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00687052

J. Morton, H. Ho, M. Y. Tsai, and G. L. Farley, An Evaluation of the Iosipescu Specimen for Composite Materials Shear Property Measurement, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.26, issue.5, pp.708-750, 1992.
DOI : 10.1177/002199839202600505

R. Moulart, S. Avril, and F. Pierron, Identification of the through-thickness rigidities of a thick laminated composite tube, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.37, issue.2, pp.326-336, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.050

L. Muszy?ski, Empirical Data for Modeling: Methodological Aspects in Experimentation Involving Hygromechanical Characteristics of Wood, Drying Technology, vol.34, issue.9, pp.1115-1120, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(94)00033-6

L. Muszy?ski, R. Lagana, and S. M. Shaler, An optical method for characterization of basic hygro-mechanical properties of solid wood in tension, 8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, pp.77-82, 2003.

L. Muszy?ski, R. Lagana, S. M. Shaler, and W. Davids, Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood, Holzforschung, vol.59, issue.2, pp.232-239, 2005.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2005.037

J. A. Nairn, A numerical study of the transverse modulus of wood as a function of grain orientation and properties, Holzforschung, vol.61, issue.4, pp.406-413, 2007.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2007.079

K. Naruse, Estimation of shear moduli of wood by quasi-simple shear tests, Journal of Wood Science, vol.49, issue.6, pp.479-484, 2003.

M. Neuilly, Modelling and Estimation of Measurement Errors, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.11, issue.12, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/11/12/701

J. M. Oliveira, Caracterização do comportamento ao corte da madeira usando o ensaio de Arcan, 2004.

S. Ormarsson, O. Dahlblom, and K. Persson, Influence of varying growth characteristics on stiffness grading of structural timber, Meeting 31 of CIB-W18, Document CIB- W18, pp.31-36, 1998.

Y. Pannier, S. Avril, R. Rotinat, and F. Pierron, Identification of Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Parameters from Statically Undetermined Tests Using the Virtual Fields Method, Experimental Mechanics, vol.36, issue.2, pp.735-755, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-006-9822-x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00506126

V. J. Parks, Geometric moiré, Handbook on Experimental Mechanics , chapter 6, pp.267-296, 1993.

E. Parsons, M. C. Boyce, and D. M. Parks, An experimental investigation of the largestrain tensile behavior of neat and rubber-toughened polycarbonate, Polymer, issue.8, pp.45-2665, 2004.

R. G. Pearson and R. C. Gilmore, Effect of fast growth rate on the mechanical properties of loblolly pine, Forest Products Journal, vol.30, issue.5, pp.47-54, 1980.

M. U. Pedersen, C. O. Clorius, L. Damkilde, and P. Hoffmeyer, A simple size effect model for tension perpendicular to the grain, Wood Science and Technology, vol.37, issue.2, pp.125-140, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-003-0168-6

J. L. Pereira, Comportamento mecânico da madeira em tracção nas direcções de simetria material, 2005.

K. Persson, Micromechanical modelling of wood and fibre properties, 2000.

F. Pierron, Saint-Venant Effects in the Iosipescu Specimen, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.32, issue.22, pp.1986-2015, 1998.
DOI : 10.1177/002199839803202201

F. Pierron and M. Grédiac, Identification of the through-thickness moduli of thick composites from whole-field measurements using the Iosipescu fixture: theory and simulations, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.31, issue.4, pp.309-318, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00080-9

F. Pierron and A. Vautrin, Accurate comparative determination of the in-plane shear modulus of T300/914 by the Iosipescu and 45 ? off-axis tests, Composite Science and Technology, vol.51, issue.1, pp.61-72, 1994.

F. Pierron and A. Vautrin, The 10 ?? off-axis tensile test: A critical approach, Composites Science and Technology, vol.56, issue.4, pp.483-488, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-3538(96)00004-8

F. Pierron, E. Alloba, Y. Surrel, and A. Vautrin, whole-field assessment of the effects of boundary conditions on the strain field in off-axis tensile testing of unidirectional composites, Composites Science and Technology, vol.58, issue.12, pp.1939-1947, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00027-X

F. Pierron, G. Vert, R. Burguete, S. Avril, R. Rotinat et al., Identification of the Orthotropic Elastic Stiffnesses of Composites with the Virtual Fields Method: Sensitivity Study and Experimental Validation, Strain, vol.32, issue.3, pp.43250-259, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2007.00346.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00505814

M. Pindera and C. T. Herakovick, Shear characterization of unidirectional composites with the off-axis tension test, Experimental Mechanics, vol.2, issue.2, pp.103-112, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02319962

M. Pindera, G. Choksi, J. S. Hidde, and C. T. Herakovich, A Methodology for Accurate Shear Characterization of Unidirectional Composites, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.21, issue.12, pp.1164-1184, 1987.
DOI : 10.1177/002199838702101205

M. Pindera, P. Ifju, and D. Post, Iosipescu shear characterization of polymeric and metal matrix composites, Experimental Mechanics, vol.21, issue.1, pp.101-108, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02322710

J. Piro and M. Grédiac, PRODUCING AND TRANSFERRING LOW-SPATIAL-FREQUENCY GRIDS FOR MEASURING DISPLACEMENT FIELDS WITH MOIRE AND GRID METHODS, Experimental Techniques, vol.21, issue.5, pp.23-26, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02327139

D. Post, G. Han, and P. Ifju, High sensitivity moiré, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-4334-2

J. S. Poulsen, P. M. Moran, C. F. Shih, and E. Byskov, Kink band initiation and band broadening in clear wood under compressive loading, Mechanics of Materials, vol.25, issue.1, pp.67-77, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6636(96)00043-9

A. K. Prasad and K. Jensen, Scheimpflug stereocamera for particle image velocimetry in liquid flows, Applied Optics, vol.34, issue.30, pp.7092-7099, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.34.007092

D. R. Rammer and R. Hernandez, Moiré analysis of the modified Arcan shear specimen, 5th World Conference on Timber Engineering, pp.17-20, 1988.

A. Reiterer and S. E. Stanzl-tschegg, Compressive behaviour of softwood under uniaxial loading at different orientations to the grain, Mechanics of Materials, vol.33, issue.12, pp.705-715, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6636(01)00086-2

F. Rouger, Application des méthodes numériques aux problèmes d'identification des lois de comportement du matériaux bois, 1988.

S. Samarasinghe and G. D. Kulasiri, Displacement fields of wood in tension based on image processing: Part 1. Tension parallel- and perpendicular- to grain and comparisons with isotropic behaviour, Silva Fennica, vol.34, issue.3, pp.251-259, 2000.
DOI : 10.14214/sf.629

S. Samarasinghe and G. D. Kulasiri, Stress intensity factor of wood from crack-tip displacement fields obtained from digital image processing, Silva Fennica, vol.38, issue.3, pp.267-278, 2004.
DOI : 10.14214/sf.415

A. E. Segall and M. J. Sipics, The influence of interpolation errors on finite-element calculations involving stress-curvature proportionalities. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, pp.13-141873, 2004.

E. Serrano and B. Enquist, Contact-free measurement and non-linear finite element analyses of strain distribution along wood adhesive bonds, Holzforschung, vol.59, issue.6, pp.641-646, 2005.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2005.103

A. Shipsha and L. A. Berglund, Shear coupling effects on stress and strain distributions in wood subjected to transverse compression, Composites Science and Technology, vol.67, issue.7-8, pp.1362-1369, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.013

M. Sjödahl, Accuracy in electronic speckle photography, Applied Optics, vol.36, issue.13, pp.2875-2885, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.36.002875

M. Sjödahl, Some recent advances in electronic speckle photography, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol.29, issue.2-3, pp.125-144, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0143-8166(97)00081-X

M. Sjödahl and L. R. Benckert, Systematic and random errors in electronic speckle photography, Applied Optics, vol.33, issue.31, pp.7461-7471, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.33.007461

A. Sliker, Orthotropic strains in compression parallel to grain tests, Forest Products Journal, vol.35, issue.1112, pp.19-26, 1985.

A. Sliker, A method for predicting non-shear compliances in the RT plane of wood, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.20, issue.1, pp.19-26, 1988.

A. Sliker and Y. Yu, Elastic constant for hardwoods measured from plate and tension tests, Wood Fiber Science, vol.25, issue.1, pp.8-22, 1993.

I. Smith, M. Landis, and . Gong, Fracture and fatigue in wood, 2003.

W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering -The Design of Optical Systems, 2000.

C. T. Sun and S. P. Berreth, A New End Tab Design for Off-Axis Tension Test of Composite Materials, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.8, issue.8, pp.766-779, 1998.
DOI : 10.1177/002199838802200805

C. T. Sun and I. Chung, An oblique end-tab design for testing off-axis composite specimens, Composites, vol.24, issue.8, pp.619-623, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-4361(93)90124-Q

Y. Surrel, Design of algorithms for phase measurements by the use of phase stepping, Applied Optics, vol.35, issue.1, pp.51-60, 1996.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.35.000051

Y. Surrel, Fringe Analysis, Photomechanics (Topics in Applied Physics), pp.57-104, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48800-6_3

Y. Surrel, Some metrological issues in optical full-field techniques, Interferometry XI: Techniques and Analysis, pp.220-231, 2002.
DOI : 10.1117/12.472222

Y. Surrel, Les techniques optiques de mesures de champ: Essai de classification, pp.11-42, 2004.

Y. Surrel, La technique de la grille pour la mesure de champs de déplacements et ses applications, pp.4-7, 2004.

Y. Surrel, Deflectometry: A simple and effecient noninterferometric method for slope measurement, Xth SEM International Congress on Experimental Mechanics, pp.7-10, 2004.

M. A. Sutton, S. R. Mcneill, J. D. Helm, and Y. J. Chao, Advances in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Computer Vision, Photomechanics (Topics in Applied Physics), pp.323-372, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48800-6_10

P. Synnergren and M. Sjödahl, A stereoscopic digital speckle photography system for 3-D displacement field measurements, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol.31, issue.6, pp.425-443, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0143-8166(99)00040-8

N. Takeda, Evaluation of Microscopic Deformation in CFRP Laminates with Delamination by Micro-Grid Methods, Journal of Composite Materials, vol.54, issue.1, pp.83-100, 1998.
DOI : 10.1177/002199839803200105

Y. M. Tarnopol-'skii and V. L. Kulakov, Mechanical tests, Handbook of Composites, pp.779-793, 1998.

F. Thuvander, M. Sjödahl, and L. A. Berglund, Measurements of crack tip strain field in wood at the scale of growth rings, Journal of Materials Science, vol.35, issue.24, pp.6267-6275, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026722521248

E. Toussaint, M. Grédiac, and F. Pierron, The virtual fields method with piecewise virtual fields, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol.48, issue.3, pp.256-264, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.10.002

A. Tsehaye, A. H. Buchanan, and J. C. Walker, Stiffness and tensile strength variation within and between radiata pine trees, Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, vol.13, issue.5, pp.513-518, 1995.

A. Voloshin and M. Arcan, Pure shear moduli of unidirectional fibre-reinforced materials (FRM), Fibre Science and Technology, vol.13, issue.2, pp.125-134, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0015-0568(80)90041-X

H. A. Vrooman and A. A. Maas, Image processing algorithms for the analysis of phase-shifted speckle interference patterns, Applied Optics, vol.30, issue.13, pp.1636-1641, 1991.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.30.001636

D. E. Walrath and D. F. Adams, The losipescu shear test as applied to composite materials, Experimental Mechanics, vol.13, issue.2, pp.105-110, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02328688

D. R. Walton and J. P. Armstrong, Taxonomic and gross anatomical influences on specific gravity -mechanical property relationships, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.18, issue.3, pp.413-420, 1986.

S. Widehammar, Stress-strain relationships for spruce wood: Influence of strain rate, moisture content and loading direction, Experimental Mechanics, vol.33, issue.2, pp.44-48, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02427975

T. G. Williamson, APA Engineered Wood Handbook, 2002.

R. W. Wolfe, R. Rowlands, and C. H. Lin, Full field stress/strain analysis: Use of moiré and TSA for wood structural assemblies, Experimental Mechanics Plenary Session at the Forest Products Research Society Annual Meeting, 1994.

J. Xavier, J. Oliveira, J. Morais, P. Camanho, and F. Pierron, Measurement of the shear modulus of wood pinus pinaster Ait. by the Iosipescu test, Livro de Actas do VII Congresso Nacional de Mecânica Aplicada e Computacional, pp.14-16, 2003.

J. Xavier, N. M. Garrido, J. Oliveira, J. L. Morais, P. P. Camanho et al., A comparison between the Iosipescu and off-axis shear test methods for the characterization of Pinus Pinaster Ait, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.827-840, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.013

P. Xu, L. Donaldson, J. Walker, R. Evans, and G. Downes, Effects of density and microfibril orientation on the vertical variation of low-stiffenss wood in radiata pine butt logs, Holzforschung, vol.58, issue.6, pp.673-677, 2004.

H. Yoshihara and A. Matsumoto, Measurement of the shearing properties of wood by in-plane shear test using a thin specimen, Wood Science and Technology, vol.289, issue.5, pp.141-152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-004-0283-z

H. Yoshihara and Y. Sawamura, Measurement of the shear modulus of wood by the square-plate twist method, Holzforschung, vol.60, issue.5, pp.543-548, 2006.
DOI : 10.1515/HF.2006.090

H. Yoshihara, H. Ohsaki, Y. Hubojima, and M. Ohta, Applicability of the losipescu shear test on the measurement of the shear properties of wood, Journal of Wood Science, vol.41, issue.1, pp.24-29, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00579520

W. Zhang and A. Sliker, Measuring shear moduli in wood with small tension and compression samples, Wood Fiber Science, vol.23, issue.1, pp.58-68, 1991.

A. G. Zink, R. W. Davidson, and R. B. Hanna, Strain measurement in wood using a digital image correlation technique, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.27, issue.4, pp.346-359, 1995.

B. J. Zobel, J. P. Van-buijtenen-timell, and T. E. , Wood variation: Its causes and control. Springer Series in Wood Science, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-74069-5