.. Méthode-de-montage-de-l-'échantillon, 174 V.2.3. Programme d'essai, p.177

Z. A. Al-khafaji, A. G. Young, W. Degroff, and G. D. Humphrey, Geotechnical Properties of the Sigsbee Escarpment from Deep Soil Borings, Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15158-MS

A. Al-tabbaa and D. M. Wood, An experimentally based bubble model for clay, Proc. 3 rd Int, 1989.

. Symp, on Numerical models in geomechanics, Niagara Falls, pp.91-99

A. Amorosi and S. Rampello, The influence of natural soil structure on the mechanical behaviour of a stiff clay, Proc. Int. Symp. Geotech. Hard Soils ? Soft Rocks, pp.395-402, 1998.

A. Amorosi and S. Rampello, An experimental investigation into the mechanical behaviour of a structured stiff clay, G??otechnique, vol.57, issue.2, pp.153-166, 2007.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2007.57.2.153

K. H. Andersen, J. D. Murff, M. F. Randolph, E. C. Cluckey, C. T. Erbrich et al., Suction anchors for deepwater applications, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

J. H. Atkinson and P. L. Bransby, The Mechanics of Soils, An Introduction to Critical State Soil Mechanics, 1978.

J. H. Atkinson, D. Richardson, and S. E. Stallebrass, Effect of recent stress history on the stiffness of overconsolidated soil, G??otechnique, vol.40, issue.4, pp.531-540, 1990.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1990.40.4.531

J. H. Atkinson and G. Sallfors, Experimental determination of stress-strain-time characteristics in laboratory and in situ tests, Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp.915-956, 1991.

A. S. Balasubramanian, Some factor influencing the stress-strain behaviour of clay, 1969.

A. S. Balasubramanian, A critical study of the uniqueness of the state boundary surface for saturated kaolin, Geotech. Engng, vol.5, issue.1, pp.21-38, 1974.

B. A. Baudet, Modelling effects of structure in soft natural clays, 2001.

B. A. Baudet and E. W. Ho, On the behaviour of deep-ocean sediments, G??otechnique, vol.54, issue.9, pp.571-580, 2004.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2004.54.9.571

B. A. Baudet and S. E. Stellabrass, A constitutive model for structured clays, G??otechnique, vol.54, issue.4, pp.269-278, 2004.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2004.54.4.269

B. Benmokrane, G. Ballivy, G. Lefebvre, J. P. Lebihan, and J. Locat, Résistance au cisaillement sous faible consolidation et structuration des argiles marines, pp.31-43, 1993.

R. H. Bennett, Clay fabric and geotechnical properties of selected submarine sediment cores from the Mississippi delta, 1976.

R. H. Bennnett, N. R. O-'brien, and M. H. Hulbert, Determinants of clay and shale microfabric signatures: processes and mechanisms. In Microstructure of Fine grained sediments from mud to shale. Frontiers in sedimentary Geology, 1991.

W. H. Berger, A. A. Ekdale, and P. F. Bryant, Selective preservation of burrows in deep-sea carbonates, Marine Geology, vol.32, issue.3-4, pp.205-230, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(79)90065-3

R. A. Berner, Early diagenesis, 1980.

A. W. Bishop and L. D. Wesley, A hydraulic triaxial apparatus for controlled stress path testing, G??otechnique, vol.25, issue.4, 1975.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1975.25.4.657

L. Bjerrum, The seventh Rankine Lecture Engineering geology of Norwegian normallyconsolidated marine clays as related to settlements of buildings, Géotechnique, vol.17, issue.2, pp.81-118, 1967.

L. Bjerrum, Problems of soil mechanics and construction on soft clays and structurally unstable soils (collapsible, expansive and others), Proc. 8 th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Fdn. Engng, pp.111-159, 1973.

J. Blewett, W. J. Mccarter, T. M. Chrisp, and G. Starrs, An experimental study on ionic migration through saturated kaolin, Engineering Geology, vol.70, issue.3-4, pp.281-291, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7952(03)00096-6

G. H. Bolt, Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Compressibility of Pure Clays, G??otechnique, vol.6, issue.2, pp.86-93, 1956.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1956.6.2.86

D. Borel, A. Puech, H. Dendani, and M. De-ruijter, High quality sampling for deep water geotechnical engineering: the STACOR experience, Ultra Deep Engineering and Technology (UDET), pp.18-20, 2002.

D. Borel, A. Puech, H. Dendani, and J. L. Colliat, Deep water geotechnical site investigation practice in Gulf of Guinea, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

K. B. Brigg, M. D. Richardson, and D. K. Young, Variability in geoacoustic and related properties of surface sediments from the Venezuela Basin, Caribbean Sea, Marine Geology, vol.68, issue.1-4, pp.73-106, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(85)90006-4

J. B. Burland, On the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays, G??otechnique, vol.40, issue.3, pp.329-378, 1990.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.329

J. B. Burland, S. Rampello, V. N. Georgiannou, and G. Calabresi, A laboratory study of the strength of four stiff clays, G??otechnique, vol.46, issue.3, pp.491-514, 1996.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1996.46.3.491

L. Callisto and G. Calabresi, Mechanical behaviour of a natural soft clay, G??otechnique, vol.48, issue.4, pp.495-513, 1998.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1998.48.4.495

L. Callisto and S. Rampello, An interpretation of structural degradation for three natural clays, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.41, issue.3, pp.392-407, 2004.
DOI : 10.1139/t03-099

D. N. Cathie, C. Jaueck, J. Ballard, and J. Wintgens, Pipelines geotechnics state of the art, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

R. Chester, Marine Geochemistry, Blackwell, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/9781118349083

C. R. Clayton and G. Heymann, Stiffness of geomaterials at very small strains, G??otechnique, vol.51, issue.3, 2001.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2001.51.3.245

URL : http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/39390/1/39390-01.pdf

E. C. Cluckey, J. S. Templeton, M. F. Randolph, and R. A. Phillips, Suction Caisson Response Under Sustained Loop Current Loads, Offshore Technology Conference, 2004.
DOI : 10.4043/16843-MS

P. Cochonat, G. Damy, B. Leduc, J. Meunier, F. Hermegnies et al., Mesures géotechniques par grand fond, Colloque ISM, vol.90, 1990.

J. Colliat, H. Dendani, and K. Schroeder, Installation of suction piles at deepwater sites in Angola, Proc. of the 6 th International Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics Conference, 2007.

K. Collins and A. Mcgown, The form and function of microfabric features in a variety of natural soils, G??otechnique, vol.24, issue.2, pp.223-254, 1974.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1974.24.2.223

F. Cotecchia, The effects of structure on the properties of an Italian Pleistocene clay, 1996.

F. Cotecchia and R. J. Chandler, The influence of structure on the pre-failure behaviour of a natural clay, G??otechnique, vol.47, issue.3, pp.523-544, 1997.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1997.47.3.523

F. Cotecchia and R. J. Chandler, A general framework for the mechanical behaviour of clays, G??otechnique, vol.50, issue.4, pp.431-447, 2000.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2000.50.4.431

F. Cotecchia, F. Cafaro, and B. Aresta, Structure and mechanical response of sub-Apennine Blue Clays in relation to their geological and recent loading history, G??otechnique, vol.57, issue.2, pp.167-180, 2007.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2007.57.2.167

F. Darve, Manuel de rhéologie des géomatériaux, 1987.

D. Gennaro, V. Delage, P. De-laure, and E. , Comportement des sols marins grande profondeur, 2004.

D. Gennaro, V. Delage, P. Puech, and A. , On the compressibility of deepwater sediments of the Gulf of Guinea, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

P. Delage, D. Tessier, and M. Marcel-audiguier, Use of the cryoscan apparatus for observation of freeze-fractured planes of a sensitive Quebec clay in scanning electron microscopy. Technical note, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, vol.20, issue.1, pp.111-114, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0148-9062(83)91642-X

P. Delage and F. M. Pellerin, Influence De La Lyophilisation Sur La Structure D'une Argile Sensible Du Quebec, Clay Minerals, vol.19, issue.2, pp.151-160, 1984.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.2.03

P. Delage and Y. Cui, L'eau dans les sols non saturés. Collection Techniques de l'Ingénieur, traité Construction, pp.301-302, 2000.

P. Delage and G. Lefebvre, Study of the structure of a sensitive Champlain clay and of its evolution during consolidation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.21, issue.1, pp.21-35, 1984.
DOI : 10.1139/t84-003

P. Delage and J. Lebihan, Microstructure et compressibilité d'argiles molles sensibles de l'Est canadien, C.R. Académie des Sciences de Paris, vol.19, pp.1697-1702, 1986.

P. Delage, D. Marcial, Y. J. Cui, and X. Ruiz, Ageing effects in a compacted bentonite: a microstructure approach, G??otechnique, vol.56, issue.5, pp.291-304, 2006.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2006.56.5.291

H. Dendani, Suction Anchors: Some critical aspects for their design and installation in clayey soils, Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15376-MS

H. Dendani, Présentation des travaux du projet CLAROM "Mécanique des sols marins grande profondeur, 2005.

H. Dendani and C. Jaeck, Pipe soil interaction in soft clays, Offshore Mediterranean Conference, 2007.

W. Deng and J. P. Carter, A theoretical Study of the Vertical Uplift Capacity of Suction Caissons, 2000.

S. Diamond, Pore size distribution in clays. Clays & Clay Miner, pp.7-23, 1970.

S. Diamond, Microstructure and Pore Structure of Impact-Compacted Clays, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.19, issue.4, pp.239-241, 1971.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190405

D. Maio and C. , Exposure of bentonite to salt solution: osmotic and mechanical effects, G??otechnique, vol.46, issue.4, pp.695-707, 1996.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1996.46.4.695

D. Maio, C. Santoli, L. Schiavone, and P. , Volume change behaviour of clays: the influence of mineral composition, pore fluid composition and stress state, Mechanics of Materials, vol.36, issue.5-6, pp.435-451, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00070-X

A. A. Ekdale and T. R. Mason, Characteristic trace-fossil associations in oxygen-poor sedimentary environments, Geology, vol.16, issue.8, pp.720-723, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0720:CTFAIO>2.3.CO;2

C. J. Ehlers, J. Chen, H. H. Roberts, and Y. C. Lee, The Origin of Near-Seafloor " Crust Zones, Deepwater. Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

N. Fagel, Chimie des eaux interstitielles. Cours en ligne, 2004.

J. Favre and M. Hattab, Propriétés des argiles marines de grande profondeur, Revue Français de Géotechnique N°, vol.116, pp.3-13, 2006.

E. Flavigny and N. Thanh, Etude et essais de comportement d'argile de grands fonds marins, 2005.

A. Foucault and J. F. Et-raoult, Dictionnaire de géologie, Edition Dunod, p.163, 2001.

A. Gajo, B. Loret, and T. Hueckel, Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings in saturated porous media: elastic???plastic behaviour of heteroionic expansive clays, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.39, issue.16, pp.4327-4362, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00231-7

A. Gasparre, S. Nishimura, M. R. Coop, and R. J. Jardine, The influence of structure on the behaviour of London Clay, G??otechnique, vol.57, issue.1, pp.19-31, 2007.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2007.57.1.19

A. Gasparre, S. Nishimura, N. A. Minh, M. R. Coop, and R. J. Jardine, The stiffness of natural London Clay, G??otechnique, vol.57, issue.1, pp.33-47, 2007.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2007.57.1.33

A. Gay, Les marqueurs géologiques de la migration et de l'expulsion des fluides sédimentaires sur le plancher des marges passives matures, 2002.

A. Gens, Stress?strain and strength characteristics of a low plasticity clay, 1982.

A. Gens, The state boundary surface for soils not obeying Rendulic's principle, Proc. 11th Int, 1985.

A. Gens and R. Nova, Conceptual bases for a constitutive model for bonded soil and weak rocks, Proceedings of the international conference on hard soils?soft rocks, pp.483-494, 1993.

P. Giresse, G. Bongo-passi, G. Delibrias, and J. Duplessy, La lithostratigraphie des sédiments hémipélagiques du delta profond du fleuve Congo et ses indications sur les paléoclimats de la fin du Quartenaire, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, issue.7 4, pp.803-815, 1982.
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.s7-xxiv.4.803

J. Graham, J. H. Crooks, and A. L. Bell, Time effects on the stress-strain behaviour of natural soft clays, G??otechnique, vol.33, issue.3, pp.327-340, 1983.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1983.33.3.327

J. Graham and E. C. Li, Comparison of natural and remoulded plastic clay, J. Geotech, 1985.

J. Graham, J. H. Crooks, and S. L. Lau, Yield envelopes: identification and geometric properties, G??otechnique, vol.38, issue.1, pp.125-134, 1988.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1988.38.1.125

M. Haeckel, I. Konig, V. Riech, M. E. Weber, and E. Suess, Pore water profiles and numerical modelling of biogeochemical prosesses in Peru basin deep-sea sediments. Deep-Sea Research II, pp.3713-3736, 2001.

J. J. Hance, Development of a database and assessment of seafloor slope stability based on published literature Project report prepared for the minerals management service under the MMS/OTRC Cooperative research agreement, 2003.

W. Hantzschel, Trace fossils and problimatica, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, 1975.

M. Hattab and J. Favre, Propriétés des sédiments marins « grande profondeur, 2005.

I. Hénaut and F. Brucy, Description rhéologique des bruts paraffiniques gélifiés, 2001.

I. Hénaut, E. Pons, E. Bemer, and J. Nauroy, Caractérisation rhéologique des sols marins grande profondeur, 2003.

I. Hénaut, M. H. Le, J. Nauroy, and P. Delage, Modèle de thixotropie appliqué à une suspension naturelle d'argiles, 2006.

D. J. Henkel, The Relationships between the Effective Stresses and Water Content in Saturated Clays, G??otechnique, vol.10, issue.2, pp.41-54, 1960.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1960.10.2.41

D. W. Hight, A. J. Bond, and J. D. Legge, characterization of the Bothkennaar clay: an overview, G??otechnique, vol.42, issue.2, pp.303-347, 1992.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1992.42.2.303

D. W. Hight, Laboratory investigations on sea bed clays, 1983.

C. Honganen, Long coring in deep water for seabed research, geohazard studies and geotechnical investigations. Offshore Technology Conference, p.923, 1999.

M. J. Horvslev, Uber die Festigkeitseirgenschaften Gestorter Bindiger Boden. Danmarks Naturvidenskabelige Samfund, 1937.

M. Houska, Engineering aspects of the rheology of thixotropic liquids, 1981.

J. D. Howard, The sedimentological significance of trace fossilsThe study of trace fossils, 1975.

J. Jaky, The coefficient of earth pressure at rest, J. Soc. Hungarian Architects and Engrs, vol.78, issue.22, pp.355-358, 1944.

M. Jamiolkowski, C. C. Ladd, J. T. Germaine, and R. Lancellotta, New developments in field and laboratory testing of soils, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Engng, SanFrancisco, pp.57-153, 1985.

R. J. Jardine, Investigations of pile-soil behaviour with special reference to the foundations of offshore structures, 1985.

R. J. Jardine, Some observations on the kinematic nature of soil stiffness., SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, vol.32, issue.2, pp.111-124, 1992.
DOI : 10.3208/sandf1972.32.2_111

P. Jeanjean, K. H. Andersen, and B. Kalsness, Soil Parameters for Design of Suction Caissons for Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Clays, Offshore Technology Conference, 1998.
DOI : 10.4043/8830-MS

P. Jeanjean, A. W. Hill, and S. L. Taylor, The Challenges of Siting Facilities along the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Southern Green Canyon Area of the Gulf of Mexico: Framework for Integrated Studies., Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15156-MS

M. Kavvadas and A. Amorosi, A constitutive model for structured soils, G??otechnique, vol.50, issue.3, pp.263-273, 2000.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2000.50.3.263

S. Kay, S. S. Goedemoed, and C. A. Vermeijden, Influence of salinity on soil properties, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

M. Koskinen, M. Karstunen, and S. J. Wheeler, Modelling destructuration and anisotropy of a natural soft clay, Proc. 5th European Conf. on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, pp.11-20, 2002.

S. Lacasse, T. Berre, and G. Lefebvre, Block sampling of sensitive clays, Proc. 11 th Int. Conf on SoilMech, pp.887-892, 1985.

C. C. Ladd and R. Foott, New design procedure for stability of soft clays, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, vol.11, issue.11, pp.767-787, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0148-9062(74)90494-X

C. C. Ladd and D. G. Degroot, Recommended Practice for Soft Ground Site Characterization, 2003.

R. Lagioia and R. Nova, An experimental and theoretical study of the behaviour of a calcarenite in triaxial compression, G??otechnique, vol.45, issue.4, pp.633-648, 1995.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1995.45.4.633

T. W. Lambe and R. V. Whitman, Soil mechanics, SI version, 1969.

M. Le, J. Nauroy, E. Flavigny, N. Thanh, J. Colliat et al., Characterization of Soft Deepwater West Africa Clays: SHANSEP Testing is Not Recommended for Sensitive Structured Clays, Offshore Technology Conference, 2008.
DOI : 10.4043/19193-MS

G. Lefebvre, C. C. Ladd, G. Mesri, and F. Tavenas, Report of the testing committee, Committee of Specialists on Sensitive Clays on the NBR Complex, 1983.

J. Lemaitre and J. Chaboche, Mécanique des matériaux solides. 2 e édition, 1993.

S. Leroueil, F. Tavenas, F. Brucy, L. Rochelle, P. Roy et al., Behaviour of destructured natural clays, Proc. ASCE, pp.759-778, 1979.

S. Leroueil, L. Samson, and M. Bozonuk, Laboratory and field determination of preconsolidation pressures at Gloucester, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.20, issue.3, pp.477-490, 1983.
DOI : 10.1139/t83-056

S. Leroueil, M. Kabbaj, F. Tavenas, and R. Bouchard, Stress???strain???strain rate relation for the compressibility of sensitive natural clays, G??otechnique, vol.35, issue.2, pp.159-180, 1985.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1985.35.2.159

S. Leroueil, J. P. Magnan, and F. Tavenas, Remblais sur argiles molles, 1985.

S. Leroueil and P. R. Vaughan, The general and congruent effects of structure in natural soils and weak rocks, G??otechnique, vol.40, issue.3, pp.467-488, 1990.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.467

S. Leroueil, Natural slopes and cuts: movement and failure mechanisms, G??otechnique, vol.51, issue.3, pp.51-197, 2001.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2001.51.3.197

S. Leroueil and D. W. Hight, Behaviour and properties of natural soils and soft rocks. In Characterization and engineering properties of natural soils, pp.29-254, 2003.

L. A. Levin, J. D. Gage, C. Martin, and P. A. Lamont, Macrobenthic community structure within and beneath the oxygen minimum zone, NW Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research, pp.189-226, 2000.

R. Lidholm, A practical approach to Sedimentology, 1987.

M. D. Liu and J. P. Carter, Modelling the destructuring of soils during virgin compression, G??otechnique, vol.50, issue.4, 2000.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2000.50.4.479

J. Locat and H. Lee, The Role of Bioturbation and Rapid Sedimentation in Shear Strengh Development: Comparison Between the Eel River Margin (California) and Saguenay Fjord (Québec) sediments. Rapport d'étude. (Poster disponible sur le site, 1998.

J. Locat and D. Demers, Viscosity, yield stress, remolded strength, and liquidity index relationships for sensitive clays, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.25, issue.4, pp.799-806, 1988.
DOI : 10.1139/t88-088

J. Locat, H. Lee, R. Kayen, K. Israel, M. Savoie et al., Shear Strength Development with Burial in Eel River Margin Slope Sediments, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.11-135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1139/cgj-36-3-493

B. Loret, T. Hueckel, and A. Gajo, Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic???plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.39, issue.10, pp.2773-2806, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00151-8

L. Lowemark and F. Werner, Dating errors in high-resolution stratigraphy: a detailed X-ray radiograph and AMS-14C study of Zoophycos burrows, Marine Geology, vol.177, issue.3-4, pp.191-198, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00167-0

L. Lowemark, J. Schonfeld, F. Werner, and P. Schafer, Trace fossils as a paleoceanographic tool: evidence from Late Quaternary sediments of the southwestern Iberian margin, Marine Geology, vol.204, issue.1-2, pp.27-41, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00351-7

T. Lunne, T. Berre, and S. Strandvik, Sample disturbance effects in deep water soil investigations, International Conference on Offshore Site Investigations and Foundation Behaviour, pp.199-220, 1998.

T. Lunne and D. Powell, Recent developements in situ testing in Offshore soil investigations, Conference on Offshore Soil investigations and Foundations engineering, 1992.

J. P. Magnan, S. Shahanguian, and H. Jossaume, Etude en laboratoire des états limites d'une argiile molle organique. Revue Français de Géotechnique, pp.13-18, 1982.

J. Magnan and G. Youssefian, Essai au bleu de méthylène et classification géotechnique des sols, 1989.

D. Marcial, P. Delage, and Y. J. Cui, On the high stress compression of bentonites, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.39, issue.4, pp.812-820, 2002.
DOI : 10.1139/t02-019

P. K. Mathew and S. Narasimha-rao, Influence of cations on compressibility behaviour of a marine clay, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, vol.11, pp.1071-1073, 1997.

F. Maurice and J. Locat, Effets de la bioturbation sur les caractéristiques géotechniques de la couche de, dans la Baie des Ha! Ha! et dans le Bras Nord, 1996.

A. Meadows and P. S. Meadows, Bioturbation in deep sea Pacific sediments, Journal of the Geological Society, vol.151, issue.2, pp.361-375, 1994.
DOI : 10.1144/gsjgs.151.2.0361

J. Meunier and J. Nauroy, Rapport final du projet "Sols marins grande profondeur M7510/02, 2005.

J. Meunier and J. Nauroy, Rapport d'avancement du projet "Sols marins grande profondeur Phase, 2007.

G. Mesri and P. M. Godlewski, Time and stress compressibility interrelationship, J. Geotech, 1977.

S. Messerklinger, Non-linearity and small strain behaviour in lacustrine clay, 2006.

C. Migniot, Tassement et rh??ologie des vases. Deuxi??me partie, La Houille Blanche, issue.2, pp.95-111, 1989.
DOI : 10.1051/lhb/1989006

G. A. Milne, J. L. Antony, and E. B. Sophie, Modelling Holocene relative sea-level observations from the Caribbean and South America, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.24, issue.10-11, pp.10-11, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.005

J. K. Mitchell, Fundamentals of soil behavior, 1993.

R. Montargès, Mers profondes, 1993.

J. F. Nauroy, I. Hénaut, J. Meunier, A. Puech, and H. Dendani, Caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques des sols marins grande profondeur, Journées AUM-AFM, 2004.

J. Nauroy, I. Henaut, M. Le, E. Palix, and A. Puech, Thixotropie des sols marins grands fonds, 2007.

M. Ohtsubo, K. Egashira, and K. Kashima, Depositional and post-depositional geochemistry, and its correlation with the geotechnical properties of marine clays in Ariake Bay, Japan, G??otechnique, vol.45, issue.3, 1995.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1995.45.3.509

M. Ohtsubo, K. Egashira, T. Koumoto, and D. T. Bergado, Mineralogy and Chemistry, and Their Correlation with the Geotechnical Index Properties of Bangkok Clay. Comparison with Ariake Clay., SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, vol.40, issue.1, pp.11-21, 2000.
DOI : 10.3208/sandf.40.11

M. Orozco, P. Foray, and J. Nauroy, Pipe-Soil Horizontal Dynamic Stiffness in Soft Soils. The 17 th Itnl. Offshore and Polar Engng, Conference and Exhibition, 2006.

D. Perret, J. Locat, and S. Leroueil, Strength development with burial in fine-grained sediments from the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.32, issue.2, pp.247-262, 1995.
DOI : 10.1139/t95-027

A. R. Pickles, The application of critical state soil mechanics to predict ground deformations below an embankment constructed on soft alluvium, 1989.

J. Pitel and . Nancy, Principes généraux du diapirisme application aux champs d'Usan offshore Nigeria, 2007.

E. Pons and . Grenoble, Propriétés physiques et mécaniques des sols marins d'offshore profond, 2003.

A. Puech, E. Suchon, M. Lombrad, and D. Borel, Caractérisation des sols marins grands fonds, 2004.

A. Puech, J. Colliat, J. Nauroy, and J. Meunier, Some geotechnical specificities of Gulf of Guinea deepwater sediments, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

P. Quéméneur, Caractérisation géotechnique en zone d'offshore profond et analyse régionale de la stabilité des pentes, Thèse INPL, 1996.

G. W. Quiros, A. G. Young, J. H. Pelletier, and J. Chan, Shear Strength Interpretation of Gulf of Mexico Clays, Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering, pp.144-165, 1983.

G. W. Quirós, R. L. Little, and S. Garmon, A Normalized Soil Parameter Procedure for Evaluating In-Situ Undrained Shear Strength, Offshore Technology Conference, 2000.
DOI : 10.4043/12090-MS

G. W. Quirós and R. L. Little, Deepwater Soil Properties and Their Impact on the Geotechnical Program, Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15262-MS

M. Rabineau, Un modèle géométrique et stratigraphique des séquences de dépôts quaternaires sur la marge du Golfe du Lion : Enregistrement des cycles climatiques de 100000 ans, 2001.

M. F. Randolph, P. A. Hefer, J. M. Geise, and P. G. Watson, Improved seabed strength profiling using T-bar penetrometer, Proc Int. Conf. Offshore Site Investigation and Foundation Behaviour -"New Frontiers, pp.221-235, 1998.

B. Rebours, Minéralogie des sols de Golfe de Guinée, 2004.

L. Rendulic, Relationship between voids ration and effective principal stress for a remoulded silty clay, Proc. 1 st Intl. Conf. Soil Mech. Fdn Engng, pp.48-51, 1936.

M. D. Richardson, K. B. Briggs, and D. K. Young, Effects of biological activity by abyssal benthic macroinvertebrates on a sedimentary structure in the Venezuela Basin, Marine Geology, vol.68, issue.1-4, pp.243-267, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(85)90015-5

V. Rohrlich, G. Wiseman, and A. Komornik, Overconsolidated clays from the Israeli Mediterranean coast and inner shore, Engineering Geology, vol.39, issue.1-2, pp.87-94, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7952(94)00067-C

K. H. Roscoe, A. N. Schofield, and C. P. Wroth, On The Yielding of Soils, G??otechnique, vol.8, issue.1, pp.22-53, 1958.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1958.8.1.22

K. H. Roscoe, A. N. Schofield, and A. Thurairajah, Yielding of Clays in States Wetter than Critical, G??otechnique, vol.13, issue.3, pp.211-240, 1963.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1963.13.3.211

K. H. Roscoe and A. N. Schofield, Mechanical behaviour of an idealised 'wet' clay, Proc. Eur, 1963.

K. H. Roscoe and H. B. Poorooshasb, A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Strains in Triaxial Compression Tests on Normally Consolidated Clays, G??otechnique, vol.13, issue.1, pp.12-38, 1963.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1963.13.1.12

K. H. Roscoe and J. B. Burland, On the generalized stress?strain behaviour of wet clay, pp.535-609, 1968.

M. Rouainia and D. M. Wood, A kinematic hardening constitutive model for natural clays with loss of structure, G??otechnique, vol.50, issue.2, pp.153-164, 2000.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.2000.50.2.153

J. C. Santamarina, K. A. Klein, Y. H. Wang, and E. Prencke, Specific surface: determination and relevance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.39, issue.1, pp.233-241, 2002.
DOI : 10.1139/t01-077

N. Saiyouri, P. Y. Hicher, and D. Tessier, Microstructural approach and transfer water modelling in highly compacted unsaturated swelling clays, Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials, vol.7, issue.1, pp.41-60, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1484(200001)5:1<41::AID-CFM75>3.0.CO;2-N

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01007048

H. D. Schulz and M. Zabel, Marine geochemistry, 2000.

S. Shahanguian, Détermination expérimentale des courbes d'état limite de l'argile organique de Cubzac-les-Ponts, 1981.

E. Siebold and W. H. Berger, The Sea floorAn introduction to Marine geology, 1982.

A. J. Silva, W. R. Bryant, A. G. Young, P. Schultheiss, W. A. Dunlap et al., Long Coring in Deep Water for Seabed Research, Geohazard Studies and Geotechnical Investigations, Offshore Technology Conference, 1999.
DOI : 10.4043/10923-MS

A. Silva, C. Baxter, W. Bryant, A. Bradshaw, and P. Larosa, Stress?strain behaviour and stress state of Gulf of Mexico clay in relation to slope processes, Offshore Technology Conference, vol.12, p.91, 2000.

A. J. Silva, P. Larosa, M. Brausse, C. D. Baxter, and W. R. Bryant, Stress states of marine sediments in plateau and basin slope areas of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Offshore Technology Conference, 2001.
DOI : 10.4043/13157-MS

T. G. Sitharam, P. V. Sivapullaiah, and K. S. Subba-rao, Shrinkage behaviour of compacted unsaturated soils, Proc. 1st Conf. on Unsaturated Soils -UNSAT '95, pp.195-200, 1995.

A. W. Skempton and R. D. Northey, The Sensitivity of Clays, G??otechnique, vol.3, issue.1, pp.30-53, 1952.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1952.3.1.30

A. W. Skempton, The consolidation of clays by gravitational compaction, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol.125, issue.1-4, pp.373-411, 1970.
DOI : 10.1144/gsjgs.125.1.0373

N. Slowey, W. Bryant, A. Daniel, &. Bean, and A. G. Young, Sedimentation in the Vicinity of the Sigsbee Escarpment during the Last 25,000 yrs, Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15159-MS

P. R. Smith, R. J. Jardine, and D. W. Hight, The yielding of Bothkennar clay, G??otechnique, vol.42, issue.2, pp.257-274, 1992.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1992.42.2.257

P. R. Smith, The properties of high compressibility clay with special reference to construction on soft ground, 1992.

C. R. Smith, L. A. Levin, D. J. Hoover, G. Mcmurtry, and J. D. Gage, Variations in bioturbation across the oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian sea. Deep-Sea Research, pp.227-257, 2000.

A. Sridharan and M. S. Jayadeva, Double layer theory and compressibility of clays, G??otechnique, vol.32, issue.2, 1982.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1982.32.2.133

S. E. Stallebrass, Modelling the effect of recent stress history on the deformation of overconsolidated soils, 1990.

K. Suzuki, H. Hanzawa, and Y. Tang, Evaluation of compressibility of aged marine clay, Compression and Consolidation of Clayey Soils, 1995.

H. Tanaka and J. Locat, A microstructural investigation of Osaka Bay clay: the impact of microfossils on its mechanical behaviour, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.36, issue.3, pp.493-508, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/t99-009

H. Tanaka, D. R. Shiwakoti, O. Mishima, Y. Watabe, and M. Tanaka, Comparison of mechanical behaviour of two overconsolidated clays: Yamashita and Louiseville clays, Soils and Foundations, vol.41, issue.4, pp.73-87, 2001.

F. Tavenas and S. Leroueil, Effects of stresses and time on yielding of clays, Proc. 9 th Int, 1977.

F. Tavenas and S. Leroueil, Laboratory and in-situ stress-strain-time behaviour of soft clays: A state of the art, Int. Symp. Geotech. Engng Soft soils, pp.1-46, 1987.

F. Tavenas, J. P. Des-rosiers, S. Leroueil, L. Rochelle, P. Roy et al., The use of strain energy as a yield and creep criterion for lightly overconsolidated clays, G??otechnique, vol.29, issue.3, pp.285-304, 1979.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1979.29.3.285

K. Terzaghi, Undisturbed Clay Samples and Undisturbed Clays, Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, vol.28, issue.3, pp.211-231, 1941.

K. Terzaghi, Ends and means in Soil Mechanics, Engng J.Canada), vol.27, pp.608-608, 1944.

D. Tessier and J. Berrier, Observations d'argiles hydratées en microscopie électronique à balayage. Importance et choix de la technique de préparation, Proceedings of the 5 th International Working Meeting on soil micromorphology, 1978.

D. Tessier, Etude expérimentale de l'organisation des matériaux argileux, Thèse de doctorat d'état, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 1984.

D. Tessier, Matériaux argileux: Structure, Propriétés et Applications, pp.387-445, 1990.

F. Thomas, M. Kongolo, and P. Lambert, Etude minéralogique et morphologique de deux sols profonds, 2004.

F. Thomas, B. Rebours, J. Nauroy, and J. Meunier, Mineralogical characteristics of the Gulf of Guinea deep water sediments, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnique: ISFOG 2005-Gourvernec et Cassidy, 2005.

F. Thomas, A. Puech, J. Nauroy, E. Palix, and J. Meunier, Specific identification test procedures for deepwater sediments of Gulf of Guinea, Proceeding of the 6 th International Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics Conference. Society for Underwater Technology, 2007.

J. K. Torrance and M. Ohtsubo, Ariake bay quick clays: a comparison with the general model., SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, vol.35, issue.1, pp.11-19, 1995.
DOI : 10.3208/sandf1972.35.11

N. L. Tran, Un nouvel essai d'identification des sols: l'essai au bleu de méthylène, Bull. Liaison LCPC, vol.88, pp.136-137, 1977.

J. H. Yin, Properties and behaviour of Hong Kong marine deposits with different clay contents, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1085-1095, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/t99-068

A. G. Young, W. R. Bryant, N. Slowey, J. R. Brand, and S. Gartner, Age Dating of Past Slope Failures of the Sigsbee Escarpment within Atlantis and Mad Dog Developments, Offshore Technology Conference, 2003.
DOI : 10.4043/15204-MS

S. J. Wheeler, A. Näätänen, M. Karstunen, and M. Lojander, An anisotropic elastoplastic model for soft clays, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.40, issue.2, pp.403-418, 2003.
DOI : 10.1139/t02-119

S. J. Wheeler, M. Cudny, H. P. Neher, and C. Wiltafsky, Some developments in constitutive modelling of soft clays. Int. Workshop on Geotechnics of Soft Soils-Theory and Practice, 2003.

D. M. Wood, Soil behaviour and Critical state soil mechanics, 1990.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139878272

P. K. Wong and R. J. Mitchell, Yielding and plastic flow of sensitive cemented clay, G??otechnique, vol.25, issue.4, pp.763-782, 1975.
DOI : 10.1680/geot.1975.25.4.763

C. P. Wroth and G. T. Housby, Soil mechanics-property characterization and analysis procedures, Proc. 11 th Conf. Soil Mech. and Fdn. Engng, pp.1-55, 1985.