O. Microscopy and .. , 57 3.3.2.1 Sample preparation, p.57

.. Transmission-electron-microscope, Sample preparation: Focused Ion Beam, p.59

.. Microstructure-evolution, 87 5.2.1 AZ31-O base metal, Precipitation, p.88

R. Comparison, 146 2.10 Joint configurations for friction stir welding: (a) square butt, (b) multiple lap joint (c) fillet joint, (d) T butt joint, p.32

A. Defects-observed-in, Optical micrograph of (a) porosity in FSW (W = 800 RPM, V = 100 mm/min), and (b) crack in FSW (W = 1800 RPM, V = 1000 mm/min), macrograph of (c) flash and surface corrosion in FSW (W = 400 RPM, V = 100 mm/min), (e) Radiography of FSW (W = 800-1100 RPM, V = 100 mm/min) exhibiting tunneling, flash and pin wear, p.69

.. All-euler, EBSD map of a shear band and associated pole figures in FSW (13 mm shoulder, W = 1000 RPM, V = 200 mm/min), p.98

. .. Optical-micrograph-of-nd, YAG LBW section (2.4 kW, 7000 mm/min)

E. Of-nd and .. , YAG LBW after SiO 2 polishing (2.4 kW, 7000 mm/min) (a) BSE image, EDS measurement location in the fusion zone and (c) EDS analysis results, p.104

X. Cao, M. Jahazi, J. P. Immarigeon, and W. Wallace, A review of laser welding techniques for magnesium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.171, issue.2, pp.188-204, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.068

R. S. Coelho, A. Kostka, H. Pinto, S. Riekehr, M. Koçak et al., Microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31B laser beam welds, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.485, issue.1-2, pp.20-30, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.073

W. Woo, H. Choo, D. W. Brown, P. K. Liaw, and Z. Feng, Texture variation and its influence on the tensile behavior of a friction-stir processed magnesium alloy, Scripta Materialia, vol.54, issue.11, pp.1859-1864, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.02.019

W. Woo, H. Choo, M. B. Prime, Z. Feng, and B. Clausend, Microstructure, texture and residual stress in a friction-stir-processed AZ31B magnesium alloy, Acta Materialia, vol.56, issue.8, pp.561701-1711, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.020

T. Hirata, T. Oguri, H. Hagino, T. Tanaka, S. W. Chung et al., Influence of friction stir welding parameters on grain size and formability in 5083 aluminum alloy, Material Science and engineering A, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.079

A. Ancona, P. Lugara, D. Sorgente, and L. Tricarico, Mechanical characterization of CO2 laser beam butt welds of AA5083, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.191, issue.1-3, pp.573-583, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.048

C. Genevois, Genèse des microstructures lors du soudage par friction malaxage d'alliages d'aluminium de la série 2000 et 5000 et comportement mécanique résultant, 2004.

C. Genevois, A. Deschamps, and P. Vacher, Comparative study on local and global mechanical properties of 2024 T351, 2024 T6 and 5251 O friction stir welds, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.415, issue.1-2, pp.162-170, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.032

S. R. Agnew and O. Duygulu, Plastic anisotropy and the role of non-basal slip in magnesium alloy AZ31B, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.21, issue.6, pp.1161-1193, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.05.018

K. Nakata, Y. G. Kim, and M. Ushio, Friction stir welding of Mg-Al-Zn alloys, Transactions of the Joining Welding Research Institute, pp.31141-146, 2002.

X. Wang and K. Wang, Microstructure and properties of friction stir butt-welded AZ31 magnesium alloy, Materials science and engineering A, vol.431, pp.114-117, 2006.

M. A. Gharacheh, A. H. Kokabi, G. H. Daneshi, R. Shalchi, and B. Sarrafi, The influence of the ratio of " rotational speed / transverse speed (w/v) on mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir welds, International journal of machine tool and manufacture, vol.3, pp.333-338, 2001.

R. S. Mishraa and Z. Y. Ma, Friction stir welding and processing, Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol.50, issue.1-2, pp.1-78, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001

M. Dhahri, J. E. Masse, J. F. Mathieu, G. Barreau, and M. Autric, Laser weldability of WE43 magnesium alloys for aeronautic industry, Third LANE 2001: Laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering, pp.297-310, 2001.

M. Dhahri, J. E. Masse, J. F. Mathieu, G. Barreau, and M. Autric, Laser Welding of AZ91 and WE43 Magnesium Alloys for Automotive and Aerospace Industries, Advanced Engineering Materials, vol.3, issue.7, pp.504-507, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/1527-2648(200107)3:7<504::AID-ADEM504>3.0.CO;2-3

H. Y. Wang and Z. J. Li, Investigation of laser beam welding process of AZ61 magnesiumbased alloy Acta metallurgica sinica (english letters, pp.287-294, 2006.

E. Aghion and B. Bronfin, Magnesium alloys development towards the 21st century, Material Science Forum, 2000.

B. C. Liechty and B. W. Webb, The use of plasticine as an analog to explore material flow in friction stir welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.184, issue.1-3, pp.240-250, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.10.049

W. Tang, X. Guo, J. C. Mcclure, and L. E. Murr, Heat Input and Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding, Journal of Materials Processing & Manufacturing Science, vol.7, issue.2, pp.163-172, 1998.
DOI : 10.1106/55TF-PF2G-JBH2-1Q2B

R. S. Huang, L. M. Liu, and G. Song, Infrared temperature measurement and interference analysis of magnesium alloys in hybrid laser-TIG welding process, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.447, issue.1-2, pp.239-243, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.069

P. Vilaça, L. Quintino, and J. F. Santos, iSTIR???Analytical thermal model for friction stir welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.169, issue.3, pp.452-469, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.12.016

K. Nakata, S. Inoki, Y. Nagano, T. Hashimoto, S. Johgan et al., Friction stir welding of AZ91 thixomolded sheet, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, 2001.

D. C. Joy, Monte Carlo Modeling for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, 1995.

A. G. Odeshi and M. N. Bassim, Evolution of adiabatic shear bands in a dual-phase steel at very high strain rates, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.488, issue.1-2, pp.235-240, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.021

M. M. Avedesian and H. Baker, Magnesium and magnesium alloys, 1999.

G. V. Raynor, The Physical metallurgy of Magnesium and its alloys, 1959.

C. S. Roberts, The deformation of magnesium. Magnesium and Its Alloys, 1964.

B. Wonsiewicz and W. A. Backofen, Plasticity of magnesium crystals, chapter 239, Trans. TMS-AIME, pp.1422-1431, 1967.

M. T. Perez-prado, J. A. Valle, and O. A. Ruano, Effect of sheet thickness on the microstructural evolution of an Mg AZ61 alloy during large strain hot rolling, Scripta Materialia, vol.50, issue.5, pp.667-671, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.11.015

J. A. Del-valle, M. T. Perez-prado, and O. A. Ruano, Texture evolution during large-strain hot rolling of the Mg AZ61 alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.355, issue.1-2, pp.68-78, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00043-1

R. Gehrmann, M. M. Frommert, and G. Gottstein, Texture effects on plastic deformation of magnesium, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.395, issue.1-2, pp.338-349, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2005.01.002

H. Watanabe, H. Tsutsui, T. Mukai, H. Ishikawa, Y. Okanda et al., Grain Size Control of Commercial Wrought Mg-Al-Zn Alloys Utilizing Dynamic Recrystallization, MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, vol.42, issue.7, pp.1200-1205, 2001.
DOI : 10.2320/matertrans.42.1200

C. I. Chang, C. J. Lee, and J. C. Huang, Relationship between grain size and Zener???Holloman parameter during friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol.51, issue.6, pp.509-514, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.05.043

L. Boehm, New engineering processes in aircraft construction: Application of laser-beam and friction stir welding Proceedings of the 3rd Russian? Israeli bi-national Workshop The optimization of the composition, structure and propoerties of metals, oxides, composites, nanomaterials and amorphous materials " St, Glass Physics and Chemistry, pp.27-29, 2004.

Z. Li and S. L. Gobbi, Laser welding for lightweight structures, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.70, issue.1-3, pp.137-144, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(97)02906-3

K. Behler, J. Berkmanns, A. Ehrhardt, W. Frohn, E. Schubert et al., Laser beam welding of low weight materials and structures Light-weight structures produced by laser beam joining for future applications in automobile and aerospace industry, Materials and Design Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.1842, issue.1151, pp.261-2672, 1997.

J. C. Mc-clure, E. Coronado, S. Aloor, B. M. Nowak, L. E. Murr et al., Effect of pin tool shape on metal flow during friction stir welding, ASM International 2003 6th international trends in welding research conference proceedings, pp.15-19, 2002.

M. Boz and A. Kurt, The influence of stirrer geometry on bonding and mechanical properties in friction stir welding process, Materials & Design, vol.25, issue.4, pp.343-347, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.005

K. Wang, J. Liu, K. Xu, and Y. Shen, The Influence of the Stirrer's Shape and Process Parameter on Friction Stir Welded MB3 Magnesium Joining, Materials Science Forum, vol.475, issue.479, pp.475-479485, 2005.
DOI : 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.475-479.485

S. W. Kalee, W. M. Thomas, and E. D. Nicholas, Friction stir welding of lightweight materials . Magnesium alloys and their applications, pp.175-190, 2000.

R. Zettler, A. C. Blanco, J. F. Santos, and S. Marya, The effect of process parameters and tool geometry on thermal field development and weld formation in friction stir welding of the alloys AZ31 and AZ61. Magnesium technology, pp.409-423, 2005.

W. B. Lee, Y. M. Yeon, K. K. Shae, Y. Kim, and S. B. Jung, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AZ31 magnesium alloy, Magnesium technology, pp.309-312, 2002.

S. Lin, H. Zhang, L. Wu, J. Feng, and H. Dai, Friction stir welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy, China welding, vol.12, issue.2, pp.137-141, 2003.

H. Zhang, S. B. Lin, L. Wu, J. C. Feng, and S. L. Ma, Defects formation procedure and mathematic model for defect free friction stir welding of magnesium alloy, Materials & Design, vol.27, issue.9, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matdes.2005.01.016

J. Yan, Z. Xu, Z. Li, and L. Li, Microstructure and mechanical performance of friction stir welded joints of AZ31 magnesium alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol.15, issue.2, pp.21-24, 2005.

S. H. Park, Y. S. Sato, and H. Kokawa, Effect of micro-texture on fracture location in friction stir weld of Mg alloy AZ61 during tensile test, Scripta Materialia, vol.49, issue.2, pp.161-166, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00210-0

P. G. Sanders, J. S. Keske, K. H. Leong, and G. Kornecki, High power Nd:YAG and CO2 laser welding of magnesium, Journal of Laser Applications, vol.11, issue.2, pp.96-103, 1999.
DOI : 10.2351/1.521885

K. H. Leong, P. G. Sanders, J. S. Keske, and G. Kornecki, Laser beam welding of AZ31B- H24 alloy, ICALEO 98: Laser Material processing conference, pp.28-36, 1998.

H. Haferkamp, M. Goede, A. Bormann, and P. Cordini, Laser beam welding of magnesium alloys-new posiibilities using filler wire and arc welding, LANE: Laser Assited Net Shape Eng, pp.333-338, 2001.

K. G. Watkins, Laser welding of magnesium alloys, Magnesium Technology, TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, pp.153-156, 2003.

C. Lehner, G. Reinhart, and L. Schaller, Welding of die-casted magnesium alloys for production, Journal of Laser Applications, vol.11, issue.5, pp.206-210, 1999.
DOI : 10.2351/1.521865

M. Pastor, H. Zhao, and T. Debroy, Continuous wave-Nd: yttrium???aluminum???garnet laser welding of AM60B magnesium alloy, Journal of Laser Applications, vol.12, issue.3, pp.91-100, 2000.
DOI : 10.2351/1.521922

Z. Zhao and T. Debroy, Pore formation during laser beam welding of die cast magnesium alloy AM60B -mechanism and remedy, Welding journal, vol.80, issue.8, pp.204-210, 2001.

M. Marya and G. R. Edwards, The laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ91, Weld. world, vol.44, issue.2, pp.31-37, 2000.

A. Weisheit, R. Galun, and B. L. Mordike, Weldability of various magnesium alloys using a CO2 laser. IIW seminar, Trends Weld, Lightweight automobile railroad vehicles, pp.28-41, 1997.

M. Marya and G. R. Edwards, Factors Controlling the Magnesium Weld Morphology in Deep Penetration Welding by a CO<SUB>2</SUB> Laser, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol.10, issue.4, pp.435-443, 2001.
DOI : 10.1361/105994901770344854

M. Dhahri, J. E. Masse, J. F. Mathieu, G. Barreau, and M. Autric, CO2 laser welding of magnesium alloys, Proceedings of the SPIE: High power lasers in manufacturing, pp.725-732, 2000.

H. Hiraga, T. Inoue, S. Kamado, and Y. Kojima, Effect of Shielding Gas and Laser Wavelength in Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy Sheet., QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY, vol.19, issue.4, pp.591-599, 2001.
DOI : 10.2207/qjjws.19.591

L. Barrallier, A. Fabre, J. E. Masse, and M. Ceretti, Residual stress measurements using neutron diffraction in magnesium alloy laser welded joints, Material Science Forum, pp.404-407, 2002.

H. Haferkamp, I. Burmester, and M. Niemeyer, Laser beam welding of magnesium alloys technological developments and advances for australian industry, Proceedings of the 1997 International welding and joining research conference, WTIA 45th annual conference, pp.333-338, 1997.

T. U. Seidel and A. P. Reynolds, Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction-stir welds using a marker insert technique, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.5, issue.11, pp.2879-2884, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s11661-001-1038-1

M. Guerra, J. C. Mcclure, L. E. Murr, and A. C. Nunes, Metal flow. during friction stir welding, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, p.25, 2001.

K. Colligan, Material flow behavior during friction stir welds of aluminium, Welding Journal, vol.78, pp.229-237, 1999.

Y. Li, L. E. Murr, and J. C. Mcclure, Flow visualization and residual microstructures associated with the friction-stir welding of 2024 aluminum to 6061 aluminum, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.271, issue.1-2, pp.213-223, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00204-X

J. H. Ouyang and R. Kovacevic, Material flow and microstructure in the friction stir butt welds of the same and dissimilar aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol.15, issue.1, pp.51-63, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s11665-002-0008-0

K. Kumar and S. V. Kailas, The role of friction stir welding tool on material flow and weld formation, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.485, issue.1-2, pp.367-374, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.013

K. S. Vecchio and D. C. Hofmann, Thermal history analysis of friction stir processed and submerged friction stir processed aluminum, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol.465, pp.165-175, 2007.

M. Song and R. Kovacevic, Thermal modeling of friction stir welding in a moving coordinate system and its validation, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol.43, issue.6, pp.605-615, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00022-1

Y. S. Sato, H. Kokawa, M. Enmoto, and S. Jogan, Microstructural evolution of 6063 aluminum during friction-stir welding, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.77, issue.77, pp.2429-2437, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s11661-999-0251-1

T. Hashimoto, S. Jyogan, K. Nakata, Y. G. Kim, and M. Ushio, Fsw joints of high strenght aluminium alloy, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, pp.14-16, 1999.

P. A. Colegrove and H. R. Shercliff, 3-Dimensional CFD modelling of flow round a threaded friction stir welding tool profile, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.169, issue.2, pp.320-327, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.03.015

C. G. Rhodes, M. W. Mahoney, W. H. Bingel, R. A. Spurling, and C. C. Bampton, Effects of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075 aluminum, Scripta Materialia, vol.36, issue.1, pp.69-75, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00344-2

W. J. Arbegast and P. J. Hartley, Friction stir weld technology development at Lockheed Martin Michoud space systems-an overview, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Pine Mountain, 1998.

R. Nandan, G. G. Roy, T. J. Lienert, and T. Debroy, Numerical modelling of 3D plastic flow and heat transfer during friction stir welding of stainless steel, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol.177, issue.4, pp.526-537, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11661-001-1038-1

Y. J. Chao, X. Qi, and W. Tang, Heat Transfer in Friction Stir Welding???Experimental and Numerical Studies, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, vol.125, issue.1, pp.138-146, 2003.
DOI : 10.1115/1.1537741

H. B. Schmidt and J. H. Hattel, Thermal modelling of friction stir welding, Scripta Materialia, vol.58, issue.5, pp.332-337, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.10.008

K. J. Colligan and R. S. Mishrab, A conceptual model for the process variables related to heat generation in friction stir welding of aluminum, Scripta Materialia, vol.58, issue.5, pp.327-331, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.10.015

P. A. Colegrove, H. R. Shercliff, and R. Zettler, Model for predicting heat generation and temperature in friction stir welding from the material properties, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol.7, issue.2, pp.284-297, 2007.
DOI : 10.1179/mst.1997.13.3.203

X. F. Wang, X. D. Lu, G. N. Chen, S. G. Hu, and Y. P. Su, Research on the temperature field in laser hardening, Optics & Laser Technology, vol.38, issue.1, pp.8-13, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.11.005

G. Brüggemann, A. Mahrle, and T. Benziger, Comparison of experimental determined and numerical simulated temperature fields for quality assurance at laser beam welding of steels and aluminium alloyings, NDT & E International, vol.33, issue.7, pp.453-463, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00017-7

W. Chen and P. Molian, Dual-beam laser welding of ultra-thin AA 5052-H19 aluminum. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2007.

A. P. Mackwood and R. C. Crafer, Thermal modelling of laser welding and related processes: a literature review, Optics & Laser Technology, vol.37, issue.2, pp.99-115, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.02.017

C. Zhou, X. Yang, and G. Luan, Investigation of microstructures and fatigue properties of friction stir welded Al???Mg alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol.98, issue.2-3, pp.285-290, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.09.019

M. W. Mahoney, C. G. Rhodes, J. G. Flintoff, R. A. Spurling, and W. H. Bingel, Properties of friction-stir-welded 7075 T651 aluminum, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.35, issue.3, 1955.
DOI : 10.1007/s11661-998-0021-5

A. P. Reynolds, Visualisation of material flow in autogenous friction stir welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol.29, issue.2, p.120, 2000.
DOI : 10.1179/136217100101538119

B. Heinz and B. Skrotzki, Characterization of a friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy 6013, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol.82, issue.222, p.489, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s11663-002-0059-5

Z. Y. Ma, R. S. Mishra, and M. W. Mahoney, Superplastic deformation behaviour of friction stir processed 7075Al alloy, Acta Materialia, vol.50, issue.17, pp.4419-4430, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00278-1

M. Mahoney, R. S. Mishra, T. Nelson, J. Flintoff, R. Islamgaliev et al., Microstructural aspects of the friction-stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminum, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, pp.355-361, 1997.

K. V. Jata and S. L. Semiatin, Continuous dynamic recrystallization during friction stir welding of high strength aluminum alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol.43, issue.8, pp.743-749, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00480-2

J. A. Esparza, W. C. Davis, E. A. Trillo, and L. E. Murr, Friction-stir welding of magnesium alloy AZ31B, Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol.21, issue.12, pp.917-920, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1016061303955

P. B. Prangnell and C. P. Heason, Grain structure formation during friction stir welding observed by the ???stop action technique???, Acta Materialia, vol.53, issue.11, pp.3179-3192, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.044

J. Q. Su, T. W. Nelson, R. Mishra, and M. Mahoney, Microstructural investigation of friction stir welded 7050-T651 aluminium, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.3, pp.713-729, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00449-4

T. Al-samman and G. Gottstein, Dynamic recrystallization during high temperature deformation of magnesium, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.490, issue.1-2, pp.411-420, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2008.02.004

S. E. Ion, F. J. Humphreys, and S. H. White, Dynamic recrystallisation and the development of microstructure during the high temperature deformation of magnesium, Acta Metallurgica, vol.30, issue.10, pp.1909-1919, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(82)90031-1

W. Woo, H. Choo, D. W. Brown, S. C. Vogel, P. K. Liaw et al., Texture analysis of a friction stir processed 6061-T6 aluminum alloy using neutron diffraction, Acta Materialia, vol.54, issue.15, pp.3871-3882, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.04.018

C. Dalle-donne, E. Lima, J. Wegener, A. Pyzalla, and T. Buslaps, Investigations on residual stresses in friction stir welds, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, 2001.

M. Peel, A. Steuwer, M. Preuss, and P. J. Withers, Microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses as a function of welding speed in aluminium AA5083 friction stir welds, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.16, pp.514791-4801, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00319-7

R. V. Preston, H. R. Shercliff, P. J. Withers, and S. Smith, Physically-based constitutive modelling of residual stress development in welding of aluminium alloy 2024, Acta Materialia, vol.52, issue.17, pp.4973-4983, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.06.048

A. Steuwer, M. J. Peel, and P. J. Withers, Dissimilar friction stir welds in AA5083???AA6082: The effect of process parameters on residual stress, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.441, issue.1-2, pp.187-196, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.012

A. Steuwer, M. Dumont, M. Peel, M. Preuss, and P. J. Withers, The variation of the unstrained lattice parameter in an AA7010 friction stir weld, Acta Materialia, vol.55, issue.12, pp.4111-4120, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.024

M. B. Prime, T. Gnäupel-herold, J. A. Baumann, R. J. Lederich, D. M. Bowden et al., Residual stress measurements in a thick, dissimilar aluminum alloy friction stir weld, Acta Materialia, vol.54, issue.15, pp.4013-4021, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.04.034

T. Nagasawa, M. Otsuka, T. Yokota, and T. Ueki, Structure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of magnesium alloy AZ31, chapter Magnesium Technology, The Mineral, Metals and Materials society, pp.383-387, 2000.

Y. J. Quan, Z. H. Chen, X. S. Gong, and Z. H. Yu, Effects of heat input on microstructure and tensile properties of laser welded magnesium alloyAZ31, Materials Characterization, 2008.

F. Lagattu, J. Brillaud, and M. Lafarie-frenot, High strain gradient measurements by using digital image correlation technique, Materials Characterization, vol.53, issue.1, pp.17-28, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matchar.2004.07.009

Z. Keshavarz and M. R. Barnett, EBSD analysis of deformation modes in Mg???3Al???1Zn, Scripta Materialia, vol.55, issue.10, pp.915-918, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.07.036

L. Castex, J. L. Lebrun, G. Maeder, and J. M. Sprauel, Détermination des contraintes résiduelles par diffraction X, Publications Scientifiques et Techniques, ENSAM, vol.22, 1981.

L. Lutterotti, S. Matthies, and H. R. Wenk, Maud (material analysis using diffraction): a user friendly java program for rietveld texture analysis and more, Proceeding of the Twelfth International Conference on Textures of Materials (ICOTOM-12), p.1599, 1999.

E. Pluyette, J. M. Sprauel, A. Lodini, and M. Perrin, Residual stresses evaluation near interfaces by means of neutron diffraction : modelling a spectrometer, Proceedings of ECRS4, pp.153-163, 1996.

E. Pluyette, J. M. Sprauel, M. Cerretti, P. Todeschiniand, and A. Lodini, Neutron diffraction residual stress evaluation around a bimetal welded joint, Proceedings of ICRS5, pp.16-18, 1997.

]. E. Pluyette, ´ Evaluation par diffraction de neutrons, des contraintes résiduelles dans les liaisons bi-métalliques, 1997.

D. Peng and P. Molian, Q-switch Nd:YAG laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel foils, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.486, issue.1-2, pp.680-685, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.063

M. Jariyaboon, A. J. Davenport, R. Ambat, B. J. Connolly, S. W. Williams et al., The effect of welding parameters on the corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA2024???T351, Corrosion Science, vol.49, issue.2, pp.877-909, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.038

S. Kleiner, O. Beffort, A. Wahlen, and P. J. Uggowitzer, Microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze cast and semi-solid cast Mg???Al alloys, Journal of Light Metals, vol.2, issue.4, pp.277-280, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-5317(03)00012-9

V. Y. Gertsman and T. W. Wright, Microstructure and second phase particles in low and high pressure diecast magnesium alloy AM50. Metallurgical and materials transaction A The physics and mathematics of adaibatic shear bands, pp.1989-1997, 2002.

L. Chen and R. C. Batra, Effect of material parameters on shear band spacing in work-hardening gradient dependent thermoviscoplastic materials, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.5, pp.551-574, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00006-6

T. Laser, M. R. Nürnberg, A. Janz, C. Hartig, D. Leitzig et al., The influence of manganese on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 gravity die cast alloys, Acta Materialia, vol.54, issue.11, pp.543033-3041, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.039

D. Ju and X. Hu, Effect of casting parameters and deformation on microstructure evolution of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy AZ31. Transactions of Non ferrous Metals Society of China, pp.874-877, 2006.

Y. Tamura, Y. Kida, H. Tamehiro, N. Kono, H. Soda et al., The effect of manganese on the precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase in magnesium alloy AZ 91, Journal of Materials Science, vol.43, issue.6, pp.1249-1258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10853-007-2276-4

F. Czerwinski, The oxidation behaviour of an AZ91D magnesium alloy at high temperatures, Acta Materialia, vol.50, issue.10, pp.2639-2654, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00094-0

T. R. Long and C. S. Smith, Single-crystal elastic constants of magnesium and magnesium alloys, Acta Metallurgica, vol.5, issue.4, pp.200-207, 1957.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(57)90166-9

M. Francois, Detemination de contraintes residuelles sur des fils d'acier eutecto¨?deeutecto¨?de de faible diametre par diffraction de rayons X, 1991.

M. J. Jones, P. Heurtier, C. Desrayaud, F. Montheillet, D. Allehaux et al., Correlation between microstructure and microhardness in a friction stir welded 2024 aluminium alloy, Scripta Materialia, vol.52, issue.8, pp.52693-697, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.12.027

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/emse-00505834

S. Lim, S. Kim, C. G. Lee, C. D. Yim, and S. J. Kim, Tensile behavior of friction-stir-welded AZ31-H24 Mg alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.49, issue.6, p.1609, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11661-005-0252-7

N. Afrin, D. L. Chena, X. Cao, and M. Jahazi, Microstructure and tensile properties of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.472, issue.1-2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.018

D. K. Xu, L. Liu, and Y. B. Xu, The effect of precipitates on the mechanical properties of ZK60-Y alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.420, issue.1-2, pp.322-332, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.092

K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian, Influences of post-weld heat treatment on tensile properties of friction stir-welded AA6061 aluminum alloy joints, Materials Characterization, vol.59, issue.9, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matchar.2007.09.006

Y. Adda and J. Philibert, La diffusion des solides, Presses universitaires de France, 1966.

C. I. Chang, X. H. Du, and J. C. Huang, Achieving ultrafine grain size in Mg???Al???Zn alloy by friction stir processing, Scripta Materialia, vol.57, issue.3, pp.209-212, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.04.007

A. H. Feng and Z. Y. Ma, Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg???Al???Zn cast alloy via friction stir processing, Scripta Materialia, vol.56, issue.5, pp.397-400, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.035

J. Altenkirch, A. Steuwer, M. Peel, D. G. Richards, and P. J. Withers, The effect of tensioning and sectioning on residual stresses in aluminium AA7749 friction stir welds, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.488, issue.1-2, pp.16-24, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.055

A. C. Munoz, G. Ruckert, B. Huneau, X. Sauvage, and S. Marya, Comparison of TIG welded and friction stir welded Al???4.5Mg???0.26Sc alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.197, issue.1-3, pp.337-343, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.06.035

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01005980