. Bastie, La m??thode de Laue refocalis??e ?? haute ??nergie : une technique d'??tude en volume des monocristaux, Le Journal de Physique IV, vol.06, issue.C4, p.6, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:1996402

[. M. Benchiheub, Etude de la stabilisation sous contrainte d'un alliage ternaire à mémoire de forme type CuZnAl, p.1471, 2000.

. Berveiller, Modeling of the Plastic Behavior of Inhomogeneous Media, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.106, issue.4, p.295, 1984.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3225719

G. Montanari and . Airoldi, Characterisation of phase evolution under load by means of phase contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation, Mat. Sc. and Eng. A, vol.378, p.125, 2004.

. Bougrab, Analyse et identification de microstructures de dislocations : approche micromécanique de la distorsion du réseau et élargissement des raies de diffraction des rayons, 2004.

. Brinson, Stress-induced transformation behavior of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy: micro and macromechanical investigations via in situ optical microscopy, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.52, issue.7, p.549, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.01.001

E. Buchheit, Modeling the stress-induced transformation behavior of shape memory alloy single crystals, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol.43, issue.11, p.4189, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(95)00105-5

. Budrovic, Plastic Deformation with Reversible Peak Broadening in Nanocrystalline Nickel, Science, vol.304, issue.5668, p.273, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1095071

J. Bunge and H. J. Bunge, Texture analysis in materials science ? Mathematical Methods, Ed. Butterworths (Londres), 1982.

[. S. Calloch, Relation between the martensite volume fraction and the equivalent transformation strain in shape memory alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.438, issue.440, pp.438-440441, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2005.12.072

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00020337

S. Chung, Automated indexing for texture and strain measurement with broad-bandpass x-ray microbeams, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.86, issue.9, p.5249, 1999.
DOI : 10.1063/1.371507

. Contardo, Training and two way memory effect in Cu???Zn???Al alloy, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol.38, issue.7, p.1267, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90198-P

W. Duerig, An engineer's perceptive of pseudoelasticity ? Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, p.369, 1990.

[. F. Eberl, Thèse de doctorat de l'ENSAM (CER de Paris) Second order heterogeneities in a multicrystal: Experimental developments using X-ray diffraction and comparaison with finite element model, Eberl, 2000.

[. F. Eberl, X ray analysis of the mechanical state of a Nickel based multicrystal on the mesoscopic scale: Role of the grain orientation and its boundary, CD-ROM. [Proc. Denver X-ray Conf, 1998.

D. Evans, Residual stress characterisation of peened aerospace materials, 2005.

[. M. François and M. François, Détermination des contraintes résiduelles par diffraction des rayons X. Document de formation générale, Chap, vol.4, 1997.

. Iso-tta3, Polycristalin materials determination of residuals stresses by neutrons diffraction, 2001.

G. Gao, D. Rapport-de, L. Ensam, and . Metz, Etude de la transformation martensitique d'un AMF Cu?Al?Be à grains fins par rayons X et neutrons, 2005.

[. G. Greenough and G. B. Greenough, Progress in Metal Phys, p.176, 1952.

G. Guenin and . Guénin, Alliages à mémoire de forme, Technique de l'ingénieur, 1988.

R. Guinebretière and . Guinebretière, Diffraction des rayons X sur échantillons polycristallins, instrumentation et étude de la microstructure, Hermès Science, 2006.

. Guinier, Sur deux variantes de la m??thode de Laue et leurs applications, Acta Crystallographica, vol.2, issue.3, p.133, 1949.
DOI : 10.1107/S0365110X49000370

H. Gonzalez, Thèse de doctorat de l'INSA de Lyon. Etude des comportements électro-thermomécaniques et de la stabilisation martensitique d'alliages monocristallins à mémoire de forme base cuivre, 2002.

F. Hamilton, Inter-martensite strain evolution in NiMnGa single crystals, Acta Materialia, vol.56, issue.10, p.2231, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.007

W. Hewat, Design for a conventional high-resolution neutron powder diffractometer, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, vol.127, issue.3, p.361, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0029-554X(75)80006-1

T. Hutchings, Introduction to the characterization of residual stress by neutron diffraction, 2005.

E. G. Ice, B. C. Ice, and . Larson, 3D X-Ray Crystal Microscope, Advanced Engineering Materials, vol.2, issue.10, p.643, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1527-2648(200010)2:10<643::AID-ADEM643>3.0.CO;2-U

R. Isenburger and H. R. Isenburger, Bibliography on X-Ray stress analysis, 1953.

. Jakobsen, Formation and Subdivision of Deformation Structures During Plastic Deformation, Science, vol.312, issue.5775, p.889, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1124141

S. Kajiwara and . Kajiwara, Experimental Aspects of the Crystallography of the Martensitic Transformation of <I>BCC</I> to 9<I>R</I> Close-Packed Structure, Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, vol.17, issue.7, p.447, 1976.
DOI : 10.2320/matertrans1960.17.447

. Kaouache, Analyse multiéchelles de la transformation martensitique induite par contrainte dans les AMFs, Thèse de doctorat de l'ENSAM (CER Metz), 2006.

. Khalil-allafi, In-situ diffraction investigation of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloys under mechanical stress with neutrons and with synchrotron radiation, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, vol.35, issue.5, p.5280, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/mawe.200400744

M. Kubin and . Lebyodkin, Spatial coupling in jerky flow using polycrystal plasticity, Acta Mater, vol.51, issue.13, p.3651, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00011191

C. Larson, Three-dimensional X-ray structural microscopy with submicrometre resolution, Nature, vol.415, issue.6874, p.887, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/415887a

M. M. Lauridsen, S. Lauridsen, R. M. Schmidt, H. F. Suter, and . Poulsen, Tracking: a method for structural characterization of grains in powders or polycrystals, Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol.34, issue.6, p.744, 2001.
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889801014170

. Lienert, Focusing Optics for High-Energy X-ray Diffraction, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.5, issue.3, p.226, 1998.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049598001393

. Internat, Kolloquium der Hochschule für Elektrotechnik, p.359, 1958.

[. E. Macherauch, Das sin²? ? Verfarhen der röntgenographischen Spannungsmessung, Z. angew. Physik, vol.13, p.305, 1959.

. Malard, Stress determination during the mechanically-induced martensite phase transformation in the superelastic alloy Cu?Al?Be by neutron diffraction, Mat. Sc. Forum, pp.524-525905, 2006.

[. J. Malarria, The effect of temperature on pseudoelastic cycling of Cu???Zn???Al single crystals, Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol.30, issue.2, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-716X(94)90047-7

. Margulies, In Situ Measurement of Grain Rotation During Deformation of Polycrystals, Science, vol.291, issue.5512, p.55122392, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057956

. Marguiles, Strain tensor development in a single grain in the bulk of a polycrystal under loading, Acta Materialia, vol.50, issue.7, p.1771, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00028-9

. Marguiles, Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction analysis. Evolution of deformation microstructures in 3D, Proc. 25 th Riso Int. Symp. Mater. Sci., (Ed.) Riso National Laboratory, p.61, 2004.

V. Martins, Simultaneous measurement of the strain tensor of 10 individual grains embedded in an Al tensile sample, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.387, issue.389, pp.387-38984, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.069

. Mehta, Understanding the Deformation and Fracture of Nitinol Endovascular Stents Using In???Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction, Advanced Materials, vol.10, issue.275, p.1183, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200601916

C. Michel, Méthodes d'homogénéisation des matériaux en mécanique, Chap, vol.4, p.79, 1998.

. Molinari, Tuning a self consistent viscoplastic model by finite element results???I. Modeling, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol.42, issue.7, p.2453, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90324-7

. Molnar, Twinning processes in Cu???Al???Ni martensite single crystals investigated by neutron single crystal diffraction method, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.481, issue.482, pp.481-482513, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.189

. Montagnat, High crystalline quality of large single crystals of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok (Antarctica) revealed by hard X-ray diffraction, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, vol.333, issue.8, p.419, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1251-8050(01)01667-6

. Montecinos, Thermodynamechanical behaviours of the CuAlBe shape memory alloy, J. of Alloys and Compounds, 2007.

. Moreau, Thèse de doctorat de l'Université de Metz. Etude par diffraction des rayons X des effets du cyclage pseudoélastique de AMF CuAlBe, 1998.

[. V. Novak, On the anisotropy of martensitic transformations in Cu-based alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.273, issue.275, pp.271-275280, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00355-X

[. V. Novak, Electric resistance variation of NiTi shape memory alloy wires in thermomechanical tests: Experiments and simulation, Mater. Sc. Eng. A. Vols, pp.481-482127, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.162

C. Oliver, Mechanical energy criterion for stress-induced martensitic transformation, Scripta Materialia, vol.49, issue.10, p.1013, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00491-3

C. Oliver, Neutron diffraction study of stress-induced martensitic transformation and variant change in Fe???Pd, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.20, p.328, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.017

. Olson, Beyond Discovery: Design for a, New Material World. Calphad, vol.25, p.2175, 2001.

[. K. Otsuka, Superelasticity effects and stress-induced martensitic transformations in Cu???Al???Ni alloys, Acta Metallurgica, vol.24, issue.3, p.207, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(76)90071-7

. Otsuka, Deformation behaviour of materials, p.98, 1977.

[. J. Patel, Criterion for the action of applied stress in the martensitic transformation, Acta Metallurgica, vol.1, issue.5, p.531, 1953.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(53)90083-2

[. E. Patoor, Thermomechanical behaviour of shape memory alloys, Arch. Mech, vol.40, pp.5-6775, 1988.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00253656

I. Pérez, Determination of the order in ??1 intermetallic phase in Cu???Al???Ni shape memory alloys, Intermetallics, vol.11, issue.9, p.927, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00121-3

. Pirling, Pirling. Stress Determination with High Lateral Resolution Using Neutron Diffraction, Mat. Sc. Forum, pp.426-4323975, 2003.

. Pirling, SALSA???A new instrument for strain imaging in engineering materials and components, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.437, issue.1, p.139, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.083

T. Andersen, R. Frello, H. Feidenhans-'l, and . Graafsma, Applications of high-energy synchrotron radiation for structural studies of polycrystalline materials, J. Synchrotron radiation, vol.4, p.147, 1997.

T. Margulies, D. Lorentzen, and . Jensen, Three-dimensional maps of grain boundaries and the stress state of individual grains in polycrystals and powders, J. Appl. Cryst, vol.34, p.751, 2001.

F. Poulsen, From 2D to 3D microtexture investigations-ICOTOM 13, Trans. Tech. Publ, vol.49, 2002.

F. Poulsen and H. F. Poulsen, Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction microscopy: Mapping polycristals and their dynamics, p.154, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/b97884

S. Brailovski and . Turenne, Comparative X-ray and time-of-flight neutron diffraction studies of martensite crystal lattice in stressed and unstressed binary Ti-Ni alloys, Mat. Sc. & Eng. A. Vols, pp.438-440549, 2006.

. Rebelo, Finite element analysis of Nitinol's plastic behaviour, Proc. of SMST-2003, 2004.

. Recarte, High temperature ?? phase decomposition process in a Cu???Al???Ni shape memory alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.378, issue.1-2, p.238, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.111

. Reichert, A new X-ray transmission-reflection scheme for the study of deeply buried interfaces using high-energy microbeams, Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol.336, issue.1-2, p.46, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-4526(03)00268-0

M. Rietveldm and . Rietveld, A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures, 1969.

[. O. Robach, Communication privée avec O. Robach, 2007.

O. Roqueta, Hysteresis evolution in the martensitic transformation cycling in ??-Cu-Zn-Al samples with ??-phase precipitates, Scripta Materialia, vol.36, issue.4, p.385, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00398-3

[. L. Saint-sulpice, Saint-Sulpice, S. Arbab Chirani and S. Calloch. Super-elastic behavior of shape memory alloys under proportional cyclic loadings, Mat. Sc. & Eng, pp.481-482174, 2008.

[. J. Saroun, Optimization of a focusing monochromator for neutron strain-scanning diffractometer, Applied Physics A, Mat. Sc. & Processing, p.1489, 1974.

[. E. Scheil, ??ber die Umwandlung des Austenits in Martensit in Eisen-Nickellegierungen unter Belastung, Zeitschrift f??r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, vol.5, issue.1, p.21, 1932.
DOI : 10.1002/zaac.19322070103

. Schlosser, Influence of thermal and mechanical aspects on the deformation behaviour of NiTi alloys, Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Joseph-Fourier (Grenoble), 2008.

. Somsen, Investigation of the phase evolution in a superelastic NiTi SMA (50.7at.%Ni) under extensional load with synchrotron radiation, p.81, 2004.

. Schmidt, Watching the Growth of Bulk Grains During Recrystallization of Deformed Metals, Science, vol.305, issue.5681, p.229, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1098627

. Schmidt, Metal structures in four dimensions, Arch. Metall. Mater, vol.50, p.181, 2005.

. Schmidt, Private communication with S.Schmid, 2007.

U. Poulsen, T. Rutt, M. V. Schmidt, and . Zimmermann, High energy synchrotron radiation. A new probe for condensed matter research, J. Phys. IV France, vol.4, issue.C9, p.415, 1994.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00253532

C. Seepersad, PhD thesis Georgia Institute of Technology. A Robust topological preliminary design exploration method with materials design, 2004.

. Sitepu, Measurements of strain, texture and phase fraction in aged Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys by neutron powder diffraction technique under in situ torsional loading, J. de Phys. IV, vol.112, p.811, 2003.

. Sittner, Load partition in shape memory alloy polycrystals, Proceedings of I.M.M.M, Japan, p.35, 2001.

. Sittner, Stress-induced martensitic transformation in Cu???Al???Zn???Mn polycrystal investigated by two in-situ neutron diffraction techniques, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.324, issue.1-2, p.225, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01316-8

. Sittner, In situ neutron diffraction studies of martensitic transformations in NiTi polycrystals under tension and compression stress, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.378, issue.1-2, p.97, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.112

. Snigirev, Two-step hard X-ray focusing combining Fresnel zone plate and single-bounce ellipsoidal capillary, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.14, issue.4, p.326, 2007.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049507025174

. Steuwer, High-resolution strain mapping in bulk samples using full-profile analysis of energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol.37, issue.6, p.883, 2004.
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889804023349

P. Sun, Micromechanics Constitutive Description of Thermoelastic Martensitic Transformations, Ad. Appl. Mech, vol.31, p.249, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70257-6

R. Swan, The electron-metallography and crystallography of copper-aluminum martensites, Acta Metallurgica, vol.11, issue.6, p.511, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(63)90086-5

. Tokuda, Thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy under complex loading conditions, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.2, p.223, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(98)00066-7

S. Tóth, Tuning a self consistent viscoplastic model by finite element results???II. Application to torsion textures, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol.42, issue.7, p.2459, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90325-5

. Vaidyanathan, Phase fraction, texture and strain evolution in superelastic NiTi and NiTi???TiC composites investigated by neutron diffraction, Acta Materialia, vol.47, issue.12, pp.12-3353, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00214-1

V. Humbeeck, Van Humbeeck. Non-medical applications of shape memory alloys, 1999.

[. C. Volkert, 3D analysis of microstructures by focused ion beam microscopy, Proc. 25th Riso Int, p.171, 2004.

[. G. Webster, Residual stress distributions and their influence on fatigue lifetimes, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.23, p.234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00133-5

[. M. Wechsler, On the theory of the formation of martensite, Trans. AIME, 1953.

. Winther, Lattice rotations of individual bulk grains Part II: correlation with initial orientation and model comparison, Acta Materialia, vol.52, issue.10, p.2863, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.02.045

J. Withers, Depth capabilities of neutron and synchrotron diffraction strain measurement instruments. II. Practical implications, Modelling of SMAs and SMA Actuated Structures. Workshop ESF-Eurocores Programme, S3T, Prague, pp.607-611, 2004.
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889804012750

[. H. Zuniga, Thèse de doctorat de l'INSA Lyon. Stabilité thermique de la phase ? et de l'effet mémoire double sens d'un alliage à mémoire de forme du type CuAlBe, 1993.