J. M. Antle, Sequential Decision Making in Production Models, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.65, issue.2, pp.282-290, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/1240874

J. M. Antle, Testing the Stochastic Structure of Production: a Flexible Moment-Based Approach, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, vol.1, issue.3, pp.192-201, 1983.

J. M. Antle and S. M. Capalbo, Econometric-Process Models for Integrated Assessment of Agricultural Production Systems, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.83, issue.2, pp.389-401, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/0002-9092.00164

P. Boyer, Assurer les calamités agricoles?, Notes et Etudes Economiques, vol.30, pp.7-32, 2008.

Z. Bar-shira, R. E. Just, and D. Zilberman, Estimation of farmers' risk attitude: an econometric approach, Agricultural Economics, vol.17, issue.2-3, pp.211-221, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5150(97)00021-2

G. W. Bohrnstedt and A. S. Goldberger, On the Exact Covariance of Products of Random Variables, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.57, issue.328, pp.1439-1442, 1969.
DOI : 10.1080/01621459.1969.10501069

J. P. Chavas and M. T. Holt, Acreage Decisions under Risk: The Case of Corn and Soybeans, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.72, issue.3, pp.529-538, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/1243021

J. P. Chavas and R. Pope, Price uncertainty and competitive firm behavior: Testable hypotheses from expected utility maximization, Journal of Economics and Business, vol.37, issue.3, pp.223-235, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0148-6195(85)90019-0

J. P. Chavas and M. T. Holt, Economic Behavior Under Uncertainty: A Joint Analysis of Risk Preferences and Technology, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.78, issue.2, pp.329-335, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2109935

C. C. Chen and C. C. Chang, The impact of weather on crop yield distribution in Taiwan: some new evidence from panel data models and implications for crop insurance, Agricultural Economics, vol.42, issue.s3, pp.503-511, 2005.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015764831165

B. T. Coyle, Risk Aversion and Yield Uncertainty in Duality Models of Production: A Mean-Variance Approach, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.81, issue.3, pp.553-567, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/1244015

R. Davidson and J. G. Mackinnon, Estimation and Inference in Econometrics., Economica, vol.62, issue.245, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2554780

A. Gibon, Managing grassland for production, the environment and the landscape. Challenges at the farm and the landscape level, Livestock Production Science, vol.96, issue.1, pp.11-31, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.009

W. E. Griffith and J. R. Anderson, Using Time-Series and Cross-Section Data to Estimate a Production Function with Positive and Negative Marginal Risks, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.7, issue.379, pp.589-536, 1982.
DOI : 10.1080/01621459.1982.10477842

B. Groom, P. Koundouri, C. Nauges, and A. Thomas, The story of the moment: risk averse cypriot farmers respond to drought management, Applied Economics, vol.13, issue.3, pp.315-326, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/0003684042000280580

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00581984

D. A. Hennessy, The Production Effects of Agricultural Income Support Policies under Uncertainty, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.80, issue.1, pp.46-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/3180267

M. Isik, Resource Management under Production and Output Price Uncertainty: Implications for Environmental Policy, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.84, issue.3, pp.557-571, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8276.00319

M. Isik and S. Devadoss, An analysis of the impact of climate change on crop yields and yield variability, Applied Economics, vol.84, issue.7, pp.835-844, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02188555

R. E. Just and R. D. Pope, Stochastic specification of production functions and economic implications, Journal of Econometrics, vol.7, issue.1, pp.276-284, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(78)90006-4

R. E. Just and R. D. Pope, Production Function Estimation and Related Risk Considerations, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.61, issue.2, pp.67-86, 1979.
DOI : 10.2307/1239732

S. C. Kumbhakar and R. Tveteras, Risk Preferences, Production Risk and Firm Heterogeneity*, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, vol.19, issue.2, pp.275-293, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(78)90006-4

D. Lins, S. Gabriel, and S. Sonka, An Analysis of the Risk Aversion of Farm Operators: An Asset Portfolio Approach, Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.6, pp.15-29, 1981.

H. A. Love and S. T. Buccola, Joint Risk Preference-Technology Estimation with a Primal System, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.73, issue.3, pp.765-774, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/1242829

P. C. Phillips, On the Consistency of Nonlinear FIML, Econometrica, vol.50, issue.5, pp.1307-1324, 1982.
DOI : 10.2307/1911875

R. Raskin and M. J. Cochran, Interpretations and Transformations of Scale for the Arrow-Pratt Absolute Risk Aversion Coefficient: Implications for Generalized Stochastic Dominance, Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.11, issue.2, pp.204-210, 1986.

A. Saha, R. Shumway, and H. Talpaz, Joint Estimation of Risk Preference Structure and Technology Using Expo-Power Utility, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.76, issue.2, pp.173-184, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1243619

B. Shankar and C. H. Nelson, A Simple Approach to Stochastic Technology Estimation using Farm Level Data, 2003.

J. W. Wooldridge, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2002.

J. M. Antle, Sequential Decision Making in Production Models, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.65, issue.2, pp.282-290, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/1240874

B. Barbier and G. Bergeron, Impact of policy interventions on land management in Honduras: results of a bioeconomic model, Agricultural Systems, vol.60, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00015-3

F. Blanc, F. Bocquier, J. Agabriel, P. Dhour, and Y. Chilliard, Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review, Animal Research, vol.55, issue.6, pp.489-510, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2006040

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00890095

M. F. Blanco and G. Flichman, Dynamic optimisation problems : different resolution methods regarding agriculture and natural resource economics, 2002.

F. C. Coleno, M. Duru, and L. G. Soler, A simulation model of a dairy forage system to evaluate feeding management strategies with spring rotational grazing, Grass and For. Sc, pp.312-321, 2002.

P. O. Crosson, P. Kiely, F. P. O-'mara, and M. Wallace, The development of a mathematical model to investigate irish beef production systems Agr, 2005.

H. Dawid, Long horizon versus short horizon planning in dynamic optimization problems with incomplete information, Economic Theory, vol.25, issue.3, pp.575-597, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00199-003-0437-5

D. L. Frechette, How does aversion to intertemporal variation affect hedging behavior?, Agricultural Economics, vol.105, issue.s3, pp.389-398, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3932(89)90028-7

S. Frederick, G. Loewenstein, and T. O-'donoghue, Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.40, issue.2, pp.351-401, 2002.
DOI : 10.1257/jel.40.2.351

F. Garcia and J. Agabriel, CompoCow: a predictive model to estimate variations in body composition and the energy requirements of cull cows during finishing, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.4, issue.03, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.09.002

C. Gateau, S. Novak, F. Kockmann, F. Ruget, and S. Granger, Évaluation du potentiel herbager de sa variabilité en élevage allaitant, pp.257-269, 2006.

P. Havlík, P. Veysset, J. M. Boisson, M. Lherm, and F. Jacquet, Joint production under uncertainty and multifunctionality of agriculture: policy considerations and applied analysis, European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.32, issue.4, pp.489-515, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/erae/jbi027

E. Iglesias, A. Garrido, and A. Gomez-ramos, Evaluation of drought management in irrigated areas, Agricultural Economics, vol.64, issue.6, pp.211-229, 2003.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.1996.0120

F. Jacquet and J. Pluvinage, Climatic uncertainty and farm policy: A discrete stochastic programming model for cereal-livestock farms in Glgeria, Agricultural Systems, vol.53, issue.4, pp.387-407, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00076-H

S. Janssen and M. K. Ittersum, Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies: A review of bio-economic farm models, Agricultural Systems, vol.94, issue.3, pp.622-636, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.03.001

M. Jouven and R. Baumont, Simulating grassland utilization in beef suckler systems to investigate the trade-offs between production and floristic diversity, Agricultural Systems, vol.96, issue.1-3, pp.260-272, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.10.001

A. Alary, V. L-'harmattan, P. B. Antle, and J. M. , Les cacaoculteurs camerounais face aux risques: essai de modélisation Sequential Decision Making in Production Models, Am. J. of Agr. Econ, vol.65, pp.282-290, 1983.

P. C. Beukes, R. M. Cowling, and S. I. Higgins, An ecological economic simulation model of a non-selective grazing system in the Nama Karoo, South Africa, Ecological Economics, vol.42, issue.1-2, pp.221-242, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00055-1

O. J. Cacho, A. C. Bywater, and J. L. Dillon, Assessment of production risk in grazing models, Agricultural Systems, vol.60, issue.2, pp.87-98, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00020-7

F. C. Coleno, M. Duru, and L. G. Soler, A simulation model of a dairy forage system to evaluate feeding management strategies with spring rotational grazing, Grass and For. Sc, pp.312-321, 2002.

H. Diaz-solis, M. M. Kothmann, W. E. Grant, D. Luna-villarreal, and R. , Application of a simple ecological sustainability simulator (SESS) as a management tool in the semi-arid rangelands of northeastern Mexico, Agricultural Systems, vol.88, issue.2-3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.07.008

D. E. Ethridge, P. Zhang, B. E. Dahl, R. T. Ervin, and J. Rushemeza, Cattle ranching production and marketing strategies under combined price and weather Risks, West. J. of Agr. Econ, vol.15, issue.2, pp.175-185, 1990.

F. Garcia and J. Agabriel, CompoCow: a predictive model to estimate variations in body composition and the energy requirements of cull cows during finishing, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.4, issue.03, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.09.002

P. Gillard and R. Monypenny, A decision support model to evaluate the effects of drought and stocking rate on beef cattle properties in Northern Australia, Agricultural Systems, vol.34, issue.1, pp.37-52, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(90)90092-5

F. Jacquet and J. Pluvinage, Climatic uncertainty and farm policy: A discrete stochastic programming model for cereal-livestock farms in Glgeria, Agricultural Systems, vol.53, issue.4, pp.387-407, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00076-H

S. Janssen and M. K. Van-ittersum, Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies: A review of bio-economic farm models, Agricultural Systems, vol.94, issue.3, pp.622-636, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.03.001

M. Jouven and R. Baumont, Simulating grassland utilization in beef suckler systems to investigate the trade-offs between production and floristic diversity, Agricultural Systems, vol.96, issue.1-3, pp.260-272, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.10.001

M. Jouven, P. Carrère, and R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 2 Model evaluation, Grass and For, Sc, vol.61, pp.125-133, 2006.

G. W. Kaine and P. R. Tozer, Stability, resilience and sustainability in pasture-based grazing systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.83, issue.1, pp.27-48, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.03.001

R. S. Kingwell, D. J. Pannell, and S. D. Robinson, Tactical responses to seasonal conditions in whole-farm planning in Western Australia, Agricultural Economics, vol.8, issue.3, pp.211-233, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5150(93)90015-5

M. Kobayashi, R. E. Howitt, L. S. Jarvis, and E. A. Laca, Stochastic Rangeland Use under Capital Constraints, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.89, issue.3, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00981.x

URL : http://ajae.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/89/3/805

F. Blanc, F. Bocquier, J. Agabriel, P. Dhour, and Y. Chilliard, Adaptive abilities of the females and sustainability of ruminant livestock systems. A review, Animal Research, vol.55, issue.6, pp.489-510, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2006040

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00890095

M. F. Blanco and G. Flichman, Dynamic optimisation problems : different resolution methods regarding agriculture and natural resource economics, 2002.

L. G. Epstein and S. E. Zin, Substitution, Risk Aversion, and the Temporal Behavior of Consumption and Asset Returns: A Theoretical Framework, Econometrica, vol.57, issue.4, pp.37-69, 1989.

G. Flichman and F. Jacquet, Le couplage des modèles agronomiques et économiques : intérêt pour l'analyse des politiques. Cahiers d'économie et sociologie rurales, pp.51-69, 2003.

D. L. Frechette, How does aversion to intertemporal variation affect hedging behavior?, Agricultural Economics, vol.105, issue.s3, pp.389-398, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3932(89)90028-7

F. Garcia and J. Agabriel, CompoCow: a predictive model to estimate variations in body composition and the energy requirements of cull cows during finishing, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.4, issue.03, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.09.002

C. Gateau, S. Novak, F. Kockmann, F. Ruget, and S. Granger, Évaluation du potentiel herbager de sa variabilité en élevage allaitant, pp.257-269, 2006.

F. Jacquet and J. Pluvinage, Climatic uncertainty and farm policy: A discrete stochastic programming model for cereal-livestock farms in Glgeria, Agricultural Systems, vol.53, issue.4, pp.387-407, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00076-H

M. Jouven, P. Carrère, and R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 1 Model description, Grass and For, Sc, vol.61, pp.112-124, 2006.

R. S. Kingwell, D. J. Pannell, and S. D. Robinson, Tactical responses to seasonal conditions in whole-farm planning in Western Australia, Agricultural Economics, vol.8, issue.3, pp.211-226, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5150(93)90015-5

M. Kobayashi, R. E. Howitt, L. S. Jarvis, and E. A. Laca, Stochastic Rangeland Use under Capital Constraints, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.89, issue.3, pp.205-817, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00981.x

URL : http://ajae.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/89/3/805

D. K. Lambert, Calf retention and production decisions over time, West. J. of Agr. Econ, vol.14, issue.1, p.9, 1989.

S. H. Lence, Using Consumption and Asset Return Data to Estimate Farmers' Time Preferences and Risk Attitudes, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.82, issue.4, pp.934-947, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/0002-9092.00092

G. Lien and J. B. Hardaker, Whole-farm planning under uncertainty: impacts of subsidy scheme and utility function on portfolio choice in Norwegian agriculture, European Review of Agriculture Economics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.17-36, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/erae/28.1.17

G. Liénard and M. Lherm, Bases économiques du choix d'un type de production de viande bovine. Cas des troupeaux allaitants, pp.273-330, 1986.

M. Nerlove and D. A. Bessler, Expectations, Information and Dynamics (eds) 1. Quels sont les leviers d'ajustement préférés et préférables pour faire face aux aléas de prix et de climat, p.152, 2001.

B. , B. Bergeron, and G. , Impact of policy interventions on land management in Honduras: results of a bioeconomic model, Agricultural Systems, vol.60, pp.1-16, 1999.

B. , Z. , J. R. , and D. Zilberman, Estimation of Farmers' Risk Attitude: An Econometric Approach, Agricultural Economics, vol.17, pp.211-222, 1997.

B. D. Lherm-m and . Liénard-g, Quels résultats techniques et économiques en grands troupeaux de vaches allaitantes ? Le cas du charolais, INRA Prod. Anim, vol.8, issue.3, pp.213-225, 1995.

B. , A. Blanco, M. Flichman, G. Bellman, and R. E. , Targeting sustainability of agricultural systems in the Cebalat district in Northern Tunisia Dynamic Programming, pp.25-28, 1957.

B. , F. Bocquier, F. Nebus, N. Agabriel, J. D-'hour et al., La pérennité et la durabilité des http La réforme de la PAC de, pp.81-116, 1992.

B. , C. Barnouin, J. , G. , P. Vourc-'h et al., Local environmental factors characterizing Ixodes ricinus nymph abundance in grazed permanent pastures for cattle, Parasitology, issue.7, pp.134-987, 2007.

P. Boyer, Assurer les calamités agricoles ? Notes et Etudes Economiques, pp.7-32, 2008.

C. , V. Vérité, and R. , L'élevage bovin et l'environnement en France : le diagnostic justifie-t-il des alternatives techniques ?, pp.231-249, 2003.

C. , J. Holt, and M. , Acreage decision under risk: the case of corn and soybeans, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.72, pp.529-538, 1990.

C. , J. Holt, and M. , Economic behaviour under uncertainty: a joint analysis of risk preferences and technology, Review of, Economics and Statistics, vol.78, issue.2, pp.329-335, 1996.

C. , C. Chang, and C. , The impact of weather on crop yield distribution in Taiwan : some new evidence from panel data models and implications for crop insurance, Agricultural Economics, vol.33, pp.503-511, 2005.

C. F. Le-gall-a, L. J. , and K. J. , Place du maïs et de la prairie dans les systèmes fourragers laitiers. I-l'ensilage du maïs dans le système d'alimentation. Fourrages, pp.123-136, 1997.

C. , F. C. Duru, M. Soler, and L. G. , A simulation model of a dairy forage system to evaluate feeding management strategies with spring rotational grazing, Grass and Forage Science, pp.312-321, 2002.

C. , J. Crosson, P. O. Kiely, P. O-'mara, F. P. Wallace et al., La gestion des risques en agriculture de la théorie à la mise en oeuvre : éléments de réflexion pour l'action publique, Notes et Etudes Economiques The development of a mathematical model to investigate irish beef production systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.30, issue.8923, pp.33-71, 2006.

D. , P. Revilla, R. Wright, and I. A. , Adaptations possibles de la conduite du troupeau allaitant aux situations extensives, INRA production animale, pp.379-386, 1998.

D. Wit, C. T. Van-keulen, H. Seligman, G. N. Spharim, and I. , Application of interactive multiple goal programming techniques for analysis and planning of regional agricultural development, Agricultural Systems, vol.26, issue.3, pp.211-230, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(88)90012-1

D. Falco, S. Chavas, J. P. Smale, M. Diaz-solis, H. Kothmann et al., Farmer management of production risk on degraded lands : the role of wheat genetic diversity in tigray region, ethiopia, ept discussion paper 153 http Application of a simple ecological sustainability simulator (SESS) as a management tool in the semi-arid rangelands of northeastern Mexico, 2005.

D. , B. Farruggia, A. Garel, and J. P. , Pâturage et biodiversité des prairies permanentes, 14ème Rencontres Recherches Ruminants, pp.17-24, 2007.

E. , D. E. Zhang, P. Dahl, B. E. Ervin, R. T. Rushemeza et al., Cattle ranching production and marketing strategies under combined price and weather Risks, Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.15, issue.2, pp.175-185, 1990.

F. G. Jacquet and F. , Le couplage des modèles agronomiques et économiques : intérêt pour l'analyse des politiques, Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, vol.67, pp.51-69, 2003.

G. , P. Monypenny, and R. , A Decision Support Model to Evaluate the Effects of Drought and Stocking Rate on Beef Cattle Properties in Northern Australia, Agricultural Systems, vol.34, pp.37-52, 1990.

G. , B. , P. Koundouri, C. Nauges, and A. T. , The Story of the Moment: Risk Averse Cypriot Farmers Respond to Drought Management, Applied Economics, vol.40, pp.315-326, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00581984

G. , C. V. , and M. A. Pflimlin-a, La localisation du cheptel des herbivores dans les régions européennes, 13ème Rencontres Recherches Ruminants, pp.17-24, 2006.

G. H. , L. M. , J. C. Forslund-a, . Fournel-e, H. Prospective_agriculture_2013 et al., Prospective. « agriculture Coping with Risk in Agriculture, 2004.

H. P. Veysset-p, . M. Boisson-j, and J. F. Lherm-m, Joint production under uncertainty and multifunctionality of agriculture: policy considerations and applied analysis, European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.32, issue.4, pp.489-515, 2005.

H. , P. Norton, and R. , Mathematical programming for economic analysis in agriculture, 1986.

H. T. Begon-c, . Cassar-malek-i, . Picard-b, and . I. Savary-auzeloux, Mécanismes et conséquences de la croissance compensatrice chez les ruminants. INRA Production Animale, pp.49-59, 2003.

I. , E. Garrido, A. Gomez-ramos, and A. , Evaluation of drought management in irrigated areas, Agricultural Economics, vol.29, pp.211-229, 2003.

I. , S. Bardey, H. Brossier, J. Chia, B. Dedieu et al., Transformation des pratiques techniques et flexibilité des systèmes d'élevage in Transformation des pratiques techniques et flexibilité des systèmes d'élevage Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins L'élevage bovin, ovin et caprin ?lait et viande-au recensement agricole de Resource management under production and output price uncertainty : implications for environmental policy, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.84, issue.3, pp.557-571, 2000.

I. , M. Devadoss, and S. , An analysis of the impact of climate change on crop yields and yield variability, Applied Economics, vol.38, pp.835-844, 2006.

J. , F. Pluvinage, and J. , Climatic Uncertainty and Farm Policy: A Discrete Stochastic Programming Model for Cereal-Livestock Farms in Algeria, Agricultural Systems, vol.53, pp.387-407, 1997.

J. , M. J. Mordant, and J. Porry, « Quel avenir pour l'élevage allaitant », ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche, 2001.

J. , M. Carrère, P. Baumont, and R. , Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 1 Model description, Grass and Forage Science, pp.112-124, 2006.

J. , M. Baumont, and R. , Simulating grassland utilisation in beef suckler systems to investigate the trade offs between production and floristic diversity, Agricultural Systems, vol.96, pp.260-272, 2008.

J. , R. E. Pope, and R. D. , Stochastic specification of Production Functions and economic implications, Journal of Econometrics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.276-284, 1978.

J. , R. E. Pope, and R. D. , Production Function Estimation and related Risk Considerations, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.61, pp.67-86, 1979.

K. , K. Chavas, and J. P. , Technological change and risk management: an application to the economics of corn production, Agricultural Economics, vol.29, pp.125-142, 2003.

K. , R. S. Pannell, D. J. Robinson, and S. D. , Tactical responses to seasonal conditions in whole farm planning in western Australia, Agricultural Economics, vol.8, pp.211-226, 1993.

K. , M. Howitt, R. E. , J. , L. S. et al., Stochastic rangeland use under capital constraints, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.89, issue.3, pp.205-817, 2007.

K. , S. C. Tveteras, and R. , Risk Preferences, Production Risk and Firm Heterogeneity, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, vol.105, issue.2, pp.275-293, 2003.

L. , D. K. Mccarl, and B. A. , Risk modelling using direct solution of nonlinear approximations of the utility function, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.21, pp.73-93, 1985.

L. Gall, A. , and D. J. Cabon-g, Les céréales immatures et la paille : une assurance pour les systèmesfourragers, Fourrages, vol.156, pp.557-572, 1998.

L. Goffe and P. , Multifonctionnalité des prairies : comment articuler marché et politiques publiques?, pp.175-182, 2003.

L. , H. D. And, and Q. J. , Interaction between Agricultural and Resource Policy: The Importance of Attitudes toward Risk, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.73, pp.758-764, 1991.

L. G. and C. X. Hébert-y, Nitrogen uptake capacities of maize and sorghum crops in different nitrogen and water supply conditions, Agronomie, vol.16, pp.231-246, 1996.

L. , G. Delaby, L. Fiorelli, J. L. Micol, D. Lemaire et al., Adaptations agronomiques au risque de sécheresse : Systèmes fourragers et élevage Sécheresse et agriculture : réduire la vulnérabilité de l'agriculture à un risque accru de manque d'eau. 379 pages Sensibilité à la sécheresse des systèmes fourragers et de l'élevage des herbivores, Rapport d'Expertise INRA Sécheresse et Agriculture, 2006.

L. Secheresse_et_agriculture_rapport_d_expertise, M. Benoit, and M. , Autonomie alimentaire des exploitations herbagères d'élevage allaitant et impacts économiques, Fourrages, vol.176, pp.411-424, 2003.

L. , G. Hardaker, and J. B. , Whole-farm planning under uncertainty: impacts of. subsidy scheme and utility function on portfolio choice in Norwegian agriculture, European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.17-36, 2001.

L. G. Lherm-m, M. C. Pizaine, J. Y. Le-maréchal, B. Boussange, and B. J. , Adaptation des élevages de bovins allaitants. Références sur 10 ans, pp.273-291, 1989.

L. , G. Lherm, and M. Bébin-d, Les exploitations d'élevage bovin allaitant en zones défavorisées : évolution, questions. Analyse à partir d'un échantillon d'exploitations charolaises de grande dimension, p.285, 1996.

L. , D. A. Gabriel, S. C. And, and S. T. Sonka, An analysis of the risk aversion of farm operators: an asset portfolio approach, Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.6, pp.15-29, 1981.

L. , R. C. Henry, and P. R. Ammerman, Statistical Analysis of repeated measures Data using SAS procedures, Journal of Animal Science, vol.76, pp.1216-1231, 1998.

L. , R. C. Miliken, G. A. Stroup, W. W. Wolfinger, and R. D. , SAS System for Mixed Models, 1996.

L. , K. Alary, V. Grimaud, and P. , A dynamic model to analyse the bio-technical and socio-economic interactions in dairy farming systems on the Reunion Island, Animal Research, pp.363-382, 2004.

L. , H. A. Buccola, and S. T. , Joint risk preference technology estimation with a primal system, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.73, issue.3, pp.765-774, 1991.

M. , D. Picard, B. Ortigues-marty, and I. , Viandes bovines de montagne produites à base d'herbe, actes du colloque INRA-ENITAC, pp.61-67, 2002.

M. D. Moschini, G. And, and D. A. Hennessy, Une nouvelle étape pour la diffusion de l'Assurance récolte, http://agriculture.gouv.fr/sections Uncertainty, risk aversion, and risk management for agricultural producers, 2001.

M. , E. Danell, Ö. Gaare, E. And-kumpula, and J. , Optimal strategies for the use of reindeer rangelands, Ecological Modelling, vol.145, issue.2-3, pp.225-241, 2001.

N. , M. Bessler, and D. A. , Expectations, Information and Dynamics, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, volume 1A B.L. North Holland, pp.155-201, 2001.

O. , K. D. Mikesell, and C. L. , The range stocking decision and stochastic forage production, staff paper p988- 16 of university of Minnesota Department of Applied Economics, p.13502, 1988.

P. , D. J. Malcolm, B. Kingwell, and R. S. , Are we risking too much? Perspectives on risk in farm modelling, Agr. Econ, vol.23, pp.69-78, 2000.

P. E. D-'hour, . Havet-a, and . Pelletier-p, Allongement de la saison de pâturage pour les troupeaux allaitants. Fourrages, pp.287-310, 2001.

P. E. Delaby-l and J. J. Agabriel, Adaptations de la conduite des troupeaux bovins et ovins aux risques de sécheresse, Fourrages, vol.191, pp.267-284, 2007.

R. , R. J. And-m, and . Cochran, Interpretations and Transformations of Scale for the Arrow-Pratt Absolute Risk Aversion Coefficient: Implications for Generalized Stochastic Dominance, Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.11, issue.2, pp.204-210, 1986.

R. , O. , P. , E. Fourichon, C. Rawlins et al., La maîtrise collective de la santé animale à l'épreuve des choix individuels : approche théorique de la décision de vaccination des animaux Incorporating uncertainty in the analysis of optimal beef forage production systems, Renc. Rech. Ruminants Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, pp.213-226, 1991.

R. , T. Romero, and C. , The application of the MCDM paradigm to the management of agricultural systems: some basic considerations, Agricultural Systems, vol.41, pp.239-255, 1993.

R. Img-/-pdf_cr_090754016 and R. Charolais, 40 exploitations, 14 années d'adaptation, Analyse et réflexions Bassin charolais, Sècheresse : des pistes pour agir en fonction de sa situation, ReportFolders.aspx RIDIER A, vol.1, 1992.

R. , A. J. Morris, S. T. Hodgson, J. Stirling, W. D. Woodward et al., Comparison of haymaking strategies for cow-calf systems in the Salado Region of Argentina using a simulation model. 3. Exploratory risk assessment, Grass and Forage Science, vol.60, issue.4, pp.417-422, 2005.

S. , M. Simon, and Y. , Sécheresse et agriculture : réduire la vulnérabilité de l'agriculture à un risque accru de manque d'eau. 379 pages, Pour une amélioration de la gestion des risques et des crises agricoles, 2005.

S. France, Quelle gestion des risques agricoles en, 2002.

A. Saha, R. Shumway, and H. Talpaz, Joint Estimation of Risk Preference Structure and Technology Using Expo-Power Utility, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.76, issue.2, pp.173-184, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1243619

S. , B. H. And-c, and . Nelson, A Simple Approach to Stochastic Technology Estimation using Farm Level Data, 2003.

S. J. Loiseau-p, C. E. Vuichard-n, C. J. Balesdent, and A. D. , Carbon cycling and sequestration opportunities in temperate grasslands. Soil Use and Management, p.219, 2004.

S. M. and L. A. Gall, Luzerne sorgho et betterave. Trois cultures fourragères sécurisantes en conditions sèches ou froides. Fourrages, pp.573-587, 1993.

S. , G. M. Cartrwright, T. C. De, and . Farris, Simulation of Production Systems in East Africa by Use of Interfaced Forage and Cattle Models, Agricultural Systems, vol.7, pp.245-265, 1981.

A. R. Thomson, R. Herrmann, and W. Gohout, Agricultural Market Liberalization and Instability of Domestic Agricultural Markets: The Case of the CAP, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.82, issue.3, pp.718-726, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/0002-9092.00068

V. P. Bébin-d, Impacts de la sécheresse 2003 sur les résultats technico-économiques en élevage bovin allaitant Charolais, Fourrages, vol.191, pp.311-322, 2007.

V. P. Gasqui-p, . Lherm-m, and . Bébin-d, Déterminants du revenu par travailleur des exploitations d'élevage bovin allaitant, Analyse en composantes principales à partir d'un échantillon de 64 exploitations SALE(t,clim_t1,clim_t2,mark) Recettes des ventes, 1999.

. Rrate, Production végétale VC(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) Quantités consommées par le troupeau en quintaux de MS par mois VH(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) Quantités récoltées en quintaux de MS par mois VS(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) Quantités vendues en quintaux de MS par mois VB(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) Quantités achetées en quintaux de MS par mois ST(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) Quantités stockées en quintaux de MS par mois X(t,c), p.1

*. __________________________________________________________________________________, *. Ecriture, . Equations, . _________________________________________________________________________________, U. ===============objectif et al., Z =e= sum(t, 1+r)]**(ord(t)-1)*[M_PROFIT(t)+o]**

*. and =. Util_profit, EU_PROFIT(t) =e= sum((clim_t1,clim_t2,mark), prob(mark)*prob(clim_t2)*prob(clim_t1) *[(PROF(t,clim_t1

*. ===============recettes, =. Charges, and . Profit, PROF(t,clim_t1,clim_t2,mark) =e= SALE(t,clim_t1,clim_t2,mark) + PREMTOT(t,clim_t1, pp.2-2

. Prodsell, SALE(t,clim_t1,clim_t2,mark) =e= SALE_A (t,clim_t1,clim_t2,mark) +SALE_V(t,clim_t1,clim_t2)

. Variablecost, VARCOST(t,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= LUnit(t,'tec',clim_t1,clim_t2)*cost_LU +sum((v,p),Vb(v,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2)*vcost, XCUT(t, pp.1-2

*. ==========pac-stockingrate, SR(t,'cap',clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= {Lunit(t, pp.2-2

. Premcow, up(t,clim_t1,clim_t2)=premcow1(t)*NB_premcow1(t)+premcow2(t)*NB_premcow2(t)

*. ==================demographie and D. Troupeau============================, NUMBER DYNAMICS NUMBERcalf(calves,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2).. Nb(calves, pp.1-2

+. Nb, 11',clim_t1,clim_t2)*(1-mort(calves,'11')) -AS(calves,t, pp.1-2

+. Lw, ,clim_t1,clim_t2) +day(p-1)*ADG(calves,t, pp.1-1

+. Trans_lw, *(LW('cow',t-1,'12',clim_t1,clim_t2) +day('12')*ADG('cow',t-1,'12, pp.1-2

. +trans_lw, *(LW('prim',t-1,'12',clim_t1,clim_t2) +day('12')*ADG('prim',t-1,'12, p.1

+. Lw, ,clim_t1,clim_t2) +day(p-1) *ADG, pp.1-1

*. ======gain-de-poids==================-gaincalf, ADG(calves,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= 0 $(ord(p)lt 11 ) +par_a('ADGcalf',calves) $(ord(p)ge 11 ), p.1

. Gainyg, ADG(yg,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= par_a, p.1

+. Par_a, yg) +par_a('g2',yg)*par_ap('LW',yg,p) +par_a('g3',yg)* {NEI(yg,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2)+ tmp(p)*milk -par_ap, pp.p)-par_ap

. Gainffat, ADG('fcow',t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= par_a('g1', 'fcow')+par_ap('g4', 'fcow',p) +par_a('g2', 'fcow')*par_ap('LW', 'fcow',p) +par_a('g3', 'fcow')* {NEI, pp.1-2

. Gainfmal, ADG('fmal2',t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= par_a('g1','fmal2') +par_a('g2','fmal2')*par_ap('LW','fmal2',p) +par_a('g3','fmal2')* {NEI('fmal2, pp.1-2

. Gainfheif, ADG('fheif3',t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= par_a('g1','fheif3') +par_a('g2','fheif3')*par_ap('LW','fheif3',p) +par_a('g3','fheif3')* {NEI('fheif3, pp.1-2

. Enerfat, NEI(mfat,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= sum(Feed,Q(feed, pp.1-1

*. =================production, ======Définition des dynamiques de stocks ==== STOCKsk(sk,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2). ST(sk, pp.1-2

. Stockgg, (p) lt 9).. ST('ggrass, pp.1-2

+. {st, X_0(fod)*y(fod,t,p-1,clim_t1,clim_t2)) -CUT(t,p-1,clim_t1,clim_t2) -VC('ggrass, pp.1-1

+. {st, ,clim_t1,clim_t2) +sum(fod,X(t-1,fod) *y(fod,t,p-1,clim_t1,clim_t2)) -CUT(t,p-1,clim_t1,clim_t2) -VC, pp.1-1

. Stbissk, VC(sk,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =l= ST(sk,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) +VH(sk,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) +VB(sk, pp.1-1

. Stbisgg, VC('ggrass',t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =l= [ST('ggrass',t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2) +sum(fod, X_0(fod)*y(fod, pp.1-2

+. St, ,clim_t2) +sum(fod, X(t-1,fod) *y(fod,t,p,clim_t1,clim_t2)) -CUT(t, pp.1-1

*. ==========================, ,clim_t2).. premtot('1',clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= premtot('1',clim_t1, p.1

. Sfat_t1, SFAT(a,'1',clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= SFAT(a,'1',clim_t1

. Vb_t1, VB(v,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= VB(v, pp.1-1

. Vc_t1, VC(v,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= Vc(v, pp.1-1

. Vh_t1, VH(v,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= VH(v, pp.1-1

. Vs_t1, VS(v,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= Vs(v, pp.1-1

*. ======avril and =. P1_as, AS(a,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= AS(a, pp.1-2

*. ======novembre and =. P8_as, AS(a,'1',p,clim_t1,clim_t2) =e= AS(a, p.1

*. Les and . Jusqu, en début de période 2 doivent être identiques à ceux définis dans la résolution précédente (les décisions seront obligatoirement les mêmes en période 1=avril) loop((nc,p,clim_t1,clim_t2)$(ord(p) lt 3), NB.lo(nc, pp.1-2

*. Les and . Jusqu, en début de période 8 doivent être identiques à ceux définis dans la résolution précédente (les décisions seront obligatoirement les mêmes jusqu'en octobre) loop((nc,p,clim_t1,clim_t2)$(ord(p) lt 8),Nb.lo(nc, pp.1-2

C. Gateau, S. Novak, F. Kockmann, F. Ruget, and S. Granger, Évaluation du potentiel herbager de sa variabilité en élevage allaitant, pp.257-269, 2006.

P. Boyer, Assurer les calamités agricoles ?, Proceedings of the COPEIAA-SAF seminar Gérer les risques : des enjeux cruciaux pour les agriculteurs et pour la PAC, 2006.

T. Hoch, C. Begon, I. Cassar-malek, B. Picard, and I. Savary-auzeloux, Mécanismes et conséquences de la croissance compensatrice chez les ruminants, INRA Prod. Anim, vol.16, pp.49-59, 2003.

E. Pottier, L. Delaby, and J. Agabriel, Adaptation des systèmes de production des ruminants à la sècheresse, Proceedings of the AFPF seminar, 2007.

J. M. Antle, Sequential Decision Making in Production Models, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.65, issue.2, pp.282-290, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/1240874

D. J. Pannell, B. Malcolm, and R. S. Kingwell, Are we risking too much? Perspectives on risk in farm modelling, Agricultural Economics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.69-78, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5150(00)00058-X

F. C. Coleno, M. Duru, and L. G. Soler, A simulation model of a dairy forage system to evaluate feeding management strategies with spring rotational grazing, Grass and For. Sc, pp.312-321, 2002.

A. J. Romera, S. T. Morris, J. Hodgson, W. D. Stirling, and S. J. Woodwart, A model for simulating rule-based management of cow???calf systems, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol.42, issue.2, pp.67-86, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00118-2

M. Jouven, P. Carrère, and R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 1. Model description, Grass and Forage Science, vol.47, issue.2, pp.112-124, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S0021859698005620

S. Janssen and M. K. Ittersum, Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies: A review of bio-economic farm models, Agricultural Systems, vol.94, issue.3, pp.622-636, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.03.001

P. Veysset, D. Bebin, and M. Lherm, Adaptation to Agenda 2000 (CAP reform) and optimisation of the farming system of French suckler cattle farms in the Charolais area: a model-based study, Agricultural Systems, vol.83, issue.2, pp.179-202, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.03.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00489674

P. O. Crosson, P. Kiely, F. P. O-'mara, and M. Wallace, The development of a mathematical model to investigate irish beef production systems Agr, p.14, 2005.

P. Havlík, P. Veysset, J. M. Boisson, M. Lherm, and F. Jacquet, Joint production under uncertainty and multifunctionality of agriculture: policy considerations and applied analysis, European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.32, issue.4, pp.489-515, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/erae/jbi027

K. B. Matthews, I. A. Wright, K. Buchan, D. A. Davies, and G. Scharz, Assessing the options for upland livestock systems under CAP reform: Developing and applying a livestock systems model within whole-farm systems analysis, Agricultural Systems, vol.90, issue.1-3, pp.32-61, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.10.008

R. S. Kingwell, D. J. Pannel, and S. D. Robinson, Tactical responses to seasonal conditions in whole-farm planning in Western Australia, Agricultural Economics, vol.8, issue.3, pp.211-226, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5150(93)90015-5

F. Jacquet and J. Pluvinage, Climatic uncertainty and farm policy: A discrete stochastic programming model for cereal-livestock farms in Glgeria, Agricultural Systems, vol.53, issue.4, pp.387-407, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00076-H

B. Barbier and G. Bergeron, Impact of policy interventions on land management in Honduras: results of a bioeconomic model, Agricultural Systems, vol.60, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00015-3

K. D. Olson and C. L. Mikesell, The range stocking decision and stohastic forage production, staff paper p988-16 of university of minnesota 21, 1988.

C. F. Nicholson, D. R. Lee, R. N. Boisvert, R. W. Blake, and C. I. Urbina, An optimization model of the dual-purpose cattle production system in the humid lowlands of Venezuela, Agricultural Systems, vol.46, issue.3, pp.311-334, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(94)90005-Z

D. E. Ethridge, P. Zhang, B. E. Dahl, R. T. Ervin, and J. Rushemeza, Cattle ranching production and marketing strategies under combined price and weather Risks, West. J. of Agr. Econ, vol.15, issue.2, pp.175-185, 1990.

D. K. Lambert, Calf retention and production decisions over time, West. J. of Agr. Econ, vol.14, issue.1, pp.9-19, 1989.

M. F. Blanco and G. Flichman, Dynamic optimisation problems : different resolution methods regarding agriculture and natural resource economics Alimentation des bovins, p.26, 2002.

F. Garcia and J. Agabriel, CompoCow: a predictive model to estimate variations in body composition and the energy requirements of cull cows during finishing, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.4, issue.03, p.27, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.09.002

M. Jouven, P. Carrère, and R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. 1 Model description, Grass and For, Sc, vol.61, pp.112-124, 2006.

D. L. Frechette, How does aversion to intertemporal variation affect hedging behavior?, Agricultural Economics, vol.105, issue.s3, pp.389-398, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3932(89)90028-7

J. B. Hardaker, R. B. Huirne, J. R. Anderson, G. Lien, A. Garrido et al., Coping with Risk in Agriculture Evaluation of drought management in irrigated areas, Agr. Econ, vol.29, pp.211-229, 2003.

P. Veysset, M. Lherm, and D. Bebin, Evolutions, dispersions et déterminants du revenue en élevage bovin allaitant charolais : étude sur 15 ans (1989-2003) à partit d'un échantillon constant de 69 exploitations, INRA Prod, Anim, vol.18, issue.4, pp.265-275, 2005.

S. H. Lence, Using Consumption and Asset Return Data to Estimate Farmers' Time Preferences and Risk Attitudes, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.82, issue.4, pp.934-947, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/0002-9092.00092

URL : http://ajae.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/82/4/934

P. Veysset, J. Agabriel, S. Ingrand, D. Bébin, I. Constant et al., La conduite de l'alimentation en élevage bovin allaitant : analyse des écarts entre pratiques et recommandations, Proceedings of the 14th Rencontre Recherche Ruminants, pp.229-232, 2007.

K. Louhichi, V. Alary, and P. Grimaud, A dynamic model to analyse the bio-technical and socio-economic interactions in dairy farming systems on the R??union Island, Animal Research, vol.53, issue.5, pp.363-382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2004030

A. Ridier and F. Jacquet, Decoupling Direct Payments and the Dynamics of Decisions under Price Risk in Cattle Farms, Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.58, issue.1, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/1240515

G. M. Sullivan, T. C. Cartwrigh, and D. E. Farris, Simulation of production systems in East Africa by use of interfaced forage and cattle models, Agricultural Systems, vol.7, issue.4, pp.241-265, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(81)90038-X

O. J. Cacho, A. C. Bywater, and J. L. Dillon, Assessment of production risk in grazing models, Agricultural Systems, vol.60, issue.2, pp.87-98, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00020-7

P. C. Beukes, R. M. Cowling, and S. I. Higgins, An ecological economic simulation model of a non-selective grazing system in the Nama Karoo, South Africa, Ecological Economics, vol.42, issue.1-2, pp.221-242, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00055-1

B. J. Perillat, W. J. Brown, and R. D. Cohen, A risk efficiency analysis of backgrounding and finishing steers on pasture in Saskatchewan, Canada, Agricultural Systems, vol.80, issue.3, pp.213-233, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2003.07.003

G. W. Kaine and P. R. Tozer, Stability, resilience and sustainability in pasture-based grazing systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.83, issue.1, pp.27-48, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.03.001

P. Gillard and R. Monypenny, A decision support model to evaluate the effects of drought and stocking rate on beef cattle properties in Northern Australia, Agricultural Systems, vol.34, issue.1, pp.37-52, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(90)90092-5

H. Diaz-solis, M. M. Kothmann, W. E. Grant, D. Luna-villarreal, and R. , Application of a simple ecological sustainability simulator (SESS) as a management tool in the semi-arid rangelands of northeastern Mexico, Agricultural Systems, vol.88, issue.2-3, pp.514-527, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.07.008

. Matson, A method for quantifying vulnerability, applied to the agricultural system of the Yaqui Valley, Global Environmental Change, vol.13, pp.255-267, 2003.

V. Alary, Les cacaoculteurs camerounais face aux risques: essai de modélisation, pp.236-281, 2000.

R. Sabates-wheeler and L. Haddad, Reconciling different concepts of risk and vulnerability: A review of donor documents, 2005.