R. M. Akers, Lactogenic Hormones: Binding Sites, Mammary Growth, Secretory Cell Differentiation, and Milk Biosynthesis in Ruminants, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.68, issue.2, pp.501-519, 1985.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80849-3

R. M. Akers, Lactation physiology: A ruminant animal perspective, Protoplasma, vol.123, issue.Suppl 1, pp.96-111, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01322593

R. M. Akers, T. B. Mcfadden, S. Purup, M. Vestergaard, K. Sejrsen et al., Local IGF-I axis in peripubertal ruminant mammary development, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.5, issue.1, pp.43-51, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1009563115612

R. R. Anderson, J. R. Harness, A. F. Snead, and M. S. Salah, Mammary Growth Pattern in Goats during Pregnancy and Lactation, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.64, issue.3, pp.427-432, 1981.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(81)82589-1

S. M. Anderson, M. C. Rudolph, J. L. Mcmanaman, and M. C. Neville, Key stages in mammary gland development. Secretory activation in the mammary gland: it's not just about milk protein synthesis, Breast Cancer Research, vol.9, issue.204, p.218, 2007.

M. Andersson, M. Wettesten, J. Boren, A. Magnusson, A. Sjöberg et al., Purification of diacylglycerol:acyltransferase from rat liver to near homogeneity, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.35, pp.535-545, 1994.

R. L. Baldwin, Enzymatic Activities in Mammary Glands of Several Species, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.49, issue.12, pp.1533-1542, 1966.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(66)88132-8

M. Ballester, A. Sanchez, and J. M. Folch, Polymorphisms in the goat ??-lactoglobulin gene, Journal of Dairy Research, vol.72, issue.3, pp.379-384, 2005.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022029905000981

C. Bar-or, H. Czosnek, and H. Koltai, Cross-species microarray hybridizations: a developing tool for studying species diversity, Trends in Genetics, vol.23, issue.4, pp.200-207, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.003

D. E. Bauman, I. H. Mather, R. J. Wall, and A. L. Lock, Major Advances Associated with the Biosynthesis of Milk, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.89, issue.4, pp.1235-1243, 2006.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72192-0

Y. Benjamini and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Serie B, vol.47, issue.1, pp.289-300, 1995.

J. Bennewitz, N. Reinsch, S. Paul, C. Looft, B. Kaupe et al., The DGAT1 K232A Mutation Is Not Solely Responsible for the Milk Production Quantitative Trait Locus on the Bovine Chromosome 14, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.87, issue.2, pp.431-442, 2004.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73182-3

L. Bernard, C. Leroux, and Y. Chilliard, Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Lipogenic Genes in the Ruminant Lactating Mammary Gland, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol.606, pp.67-108, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_2

C. Bevilacqua, J. C. Helbling, G. Miranda, and P. Martin, Translational efficiency of casein transcripts in the mammary tissue of lactating ruminants, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.46, issue.5, pp.567-578, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2006028
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900632

J. P. Bidanel, D. Boichard, and C. Chevalet, De la génétique à la génomique, INRA Productions Animales, vol.21, issue.1, pp.15-32, 2008.

M. Bionaz and J. J. Loor, Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle, BMC Genomics, vol.9, issue.1, p.366, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-9-366

M. Bogard, N. Ameziane, and J. Lamoril, Microarray d'ADN et profils d'expression des gènes Première partie: concept, fabrication et mise en oeuvre Immuno-analyse et biologie spécialisée, pp.71-88, 2008.

D. Boichard, C. Grohs, F. Bourgeois, F. Cerqueira, R. Faugeras et al., Detection of genes influencing economic traits in three French dairy cattle breeds, Genetics Selection Evolution, vol.35, issue.1, pp.77-101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/1297-9686-35-1-77
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00894436

C. Bole-fyesot, V. Goffin, M. Edery, N. Binart, and P. Kelly, Prolactin (PRL) and Its Receptor: Actions, Signal Transduction Pathways and Phenotypes Observed in PRL Receptor Knockout Mice, Endocrine Reviews, vol.19, issue.3, pp.225-268, 1998.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv.19.3.0334

W. C. Breckenridge and A. Kuksis, Specific distribution of short-chain fatty acids in molecular distillates of bovine milk fat, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.9, pp.388-393, 1968.

V. Briard, N. Leconte, F. Michel, and M. C. Michalski, The fatty acid composition of small and large naturally occurring milk fat globules, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol.105, issue.11, pp.677-682, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/ejlt.200300812

D. A. Brown, Lipid droplets: Proteins floating on a pool of fat, Current Biology, vol.11, issue.11, pp.446-449, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00257-3

A. Butte, The use and analysis of microarray data, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.29, issue.12, pp.951-960, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nrd961

A. V. Capuco, E. E. Connor, and D. L. Wood, Regulation of Mammary Gland Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones During the Transition from Pregnancy to Lactation, Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol.233, issue.10, pp.1309-1314, 2008.
DOI : 10.3181/0803-RM-85

E. Cario and D. K. Podolsky, Differential Alteration in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Infection and Immunity, vol.68, issue.12, pp.7010-7017, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000

A. Caroli, F. Chiatti, S. Chessa, D. Rignanese, E. M. Ibeagha-awemu et al., Characterization of the Casein Gene Complex in West African Goats and Description of a New ??s1-Casein Polymorphism, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.90, issue.6, pp.2989-2996, 2007.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2006-674

S. Cases, S. J. Smith, Y. W. Zheng, H. M. Myers, S. R. Lear et al., Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, pp.13018-13023, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.22.13018

S. Cases, S. J. Stones, P. Zhou, E. Yen, B. Tow et al., Cloning of DGAT2, a Second Mammalian Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase, and Related Family Members, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.42, pp.38870-38876, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M106219200

S. Cases, P. Zhou, J. M. Shillingford, B. S. Wiseman, J. D. Fish et al., Development of the mammary gland requires DGAT1 expression in stromal and epithelial tissues, Development, vol.131, issue.13, pp.3047-3055, 2004.
DOI : 10.1242/dev.01158

D. P. Casper, D. J. Schingoethe, R. P. Middaugh, and R. J. Baer, Lactational Responses of Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Regular and High Oleic Acid Sunflower Seeds, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.71, issue.5, pp.1267-1274, 1988.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79682-4

G. Ceriotti, S. Chessa, P. Bolla, E. Budelli, L. Bianchi et al., Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Ovine Casein Genes Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.87, issue.8, pp.2606-2613, 2004.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73386-X

E. Chanat, P. Martin, and M. Ollivier-bousquet, AlphaS1-casein is required for the efficient transport of beta-casein and kappa-casein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus mammary epithelial cells, Journal of Cell Science, vol.112, pp.3399-3412, 1999.

H. C. Chen, Enhancing energy and glucose metabolism by disrupting triglyceride synthesis: lessons from mice lacking DGAT1, Nutrition and Metabolism, vol.3, issue.10, 2006.

H. C. Chen, D. R. Jensen, H. M. Myers, R. H. Eckel, and R. V. Farese, Obesity resistance and enhanced glucose metabolismin mice transplanted with white adipose tissue lackingacyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.111, issue.11, pp.1715-1722, 2003.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI15859

H. C. Chen, S. J. Smith, Z. Ladha, D. R. Jensen, L. D. Ferreira et al., Increased insulin and leptin sensitivity in mice lacking acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.109, issue.8, pp.1049-1055, 2002.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI0214672

D. Cheng, R. L. Meegalla, H. E. Bokand, D. A. Cromley, J. T. Billheimer et al., Human acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is a tetrameric protein, Biochemical Journal, vol.359, issue.3, pp.707-714, 2001.
DOI : 10.1042/bj3590707

S. Chessa, D. Rignanese, F. Chiatti, A. Radeghieri, C. Gigliotti et al., Technical Note: Simultaneous Identification of CSN1S2 A, B, C, and E Alleles in Goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.91, issue.3, pp.1214-1217, 2008.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2007-0653

S. Chessa, D. Rignanese, J. Küpper, G. Pagnacco, G. Erhardt et al., Short Communication: The ??-Casein (CSN2) Silent Allele C1 Is Highly Spread in Goat Breeds, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.91, issue.11, pp.4433-4436, 2008.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2008-1228

L. Chianese, G. Garro, R. Mauriello, P. Laezza, P. Ferranti et al., Occurrence of five ??s1-casein variants in ovine milk, Journal of Dairy Research, vol.62, issue.01, pp.49-59, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/elps.1150090925

F. Chiatti, S. Chessa, P. Bolla, G. Cigalino, A. Caroli et al., Effect of ??-Casein Polymorphism on Milk Composition in the Orobica Goat, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.90, issue.4, pp.1962-1966, 2007.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2006-508

Y. Chilliard and A. Ferlay, Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.44, issue.5, pp.467-492, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2004052
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900496

Y. Chilliard, A. Ferlay, R. M. Mansbridge, and M. Doreau, and conjugated fatty acids, Annales de Zootechnie, vol.49, issue.3, pp.181-205, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2000117
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00889891

Y. Chilliard, J. Rouel, and C. Leroux, Goat's alpha-s1 casein genotype influences its milk fatty acid composition and delta-9 desaturation ratios, Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.131, issue.3-4, pp.474-487, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.05.025

K. M. Choi, I. Barash, and R. E. Rhoads, Insulin and Prolactin Synergistically Stimulate ??-Casein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Translation by Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation, Molecular Endocrinology, vol.18, issue.7, pp.1670-1686, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/me.2003-0483

M. Chrétien, La chimie de la vie, La biologie, 1995.

R. W. Clarkson, M. T. Wayland, J. H. Lee, T. Freeman, and C. J. Watson, Gene expression profiling of mammary gland development reveals putative roles for death receptors and immune mediators in post-lactational regression, Breast Cancer Research, vol.6, issue.2, pp.92-109, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/bcr754

M. Cohen-zinder, E. Seroussi, D. M. Larkin, J. J. Loor, A. Everts-van-der-wind et al., Identification of a missense mutation in the bovine ABCG2 gene with a major effect on the QTL on chromosome 6 affecting milk yield and composition in Holstein cattle, Genome Research, vol.15, issue.7, pp.936-944, 2005.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.3806705

R. Coleman and R. M. Bell, Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Isolated Fat Cells -Studies on the microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity using ethanol-dispersed diacylglycerols, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.251, issue.15, pp.4537-4543, 1976.

R. Coleman and R. M. Bell, Evidence that biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and triacylglycerol occurs on the cytoplasmic side of microsomal vesicles, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.76, issue.1, pp.245-253, 1978.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.76.1.245

M. Collomb, H. Sollberger, U. Bütikofer, R. Sieber, W. Stoll et al., Impact of a basal diet of hay and fodder beet supplemented with rapeseed, linseed and sunflowerseed on the fatty acid composition of milk fat, International Dairy Journal, vol.14, issue.6, pp.549-559, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.11.004

E. E. Connor, M. J. Meyer, R. W. Li, M. E. Van-amburgh, Y. R. Boisclair et al., Regulation of Gene Expression in the Bovine Mammary Gland by Ovarian Steroids, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.90, pp.55-65, 2007.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2006-466

W. Coppieters, J. Riquet, J. J. Arranz, P. Berzi, N. Cambisano et al., A QTL with major effect on milk yield and composition maps to bovine Chromosome 14, Mammalian Genome, vol.9, issue.7, pp.540-544, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003359900815

G. Cosenza, D. Gallo, R. Illario, P. Di-gregorio, C. Senese et al., A MvaI PCR-RFLP detecting a silent allele at the goat -lactalbumin locus, Journal of Dairy Research, vol.70, issue.3, pp.355-357, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022029903006265

S. Couvreur and C. Hurtaud, Le globule gras du lait : sécrétion, composition, fonctions et facteurs de variation, INRA Productions Animales, vol.20, issue.5, pp.369-382, 2007.

S. Couvreur, C. Hurtaud, L. Delaby, F. Michel, and J. L. Peyraud, Effet d'un régime à base d'herbe mi-fanée ou d'ensilage de maïs associé ou non à un déficit énergétique sur les propriétés des globules gras du lait, p.235, 2003.

D. Kruif, C. G. Holt, and C. , Casein Micelle Structure, Functions and Interactions, Advances Dairy Chemistry, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_5

C. Decean and J. Adda, Evolution de la sécrétion des acides gras des matières grasses du lait au cours de la lactation de la vache, Ann. Biol. anim. Bioch. Biophys, vol.10, issue.4, pp.659-677, 1970.

P. Delmar, S. Robin, and J. J. Daudin, VarMixt: efficient variance modelling for the differential analysis of replicated gene expression data, Bioinformatics, vol.21, issue.4, pp.502-508, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00126119

G. Dennis, B. T. Sherman, D. A. Hosack, J. Yang, W. Gao et al., DAVID: database for anotation, visualization, and integreted discovery, Genome Biology, vol.4, 2003.

M. Doreau and A. Ferlay, Digestion and utilisation of fatty acids by ruminants, Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.45, issue.3-4, pp.379-396, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90039-6

K. E. Ebner, Biosynthesis of Lactose, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.54, issue.8, pp.1229-1233, 1971.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(71)86007-1

S. E. Ellis, Mechanism controlling ductal morphogenesis in the ruminant mammary gland, 1998.

S. Emadi, S. Kasturirangan, M. S. Wang, P. Schulz, and M. R. Sierks, Detecting Morphologically Distinct Oligomeric Forms of ??-Synuclein, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.284, issue.17, pp.11048-11058, 2009.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M806559200

M. R. Emmert-buck, R. F. Bonner, P. D. Smith, R. F. Chuaqui, Z. Zhuang et al., Laser Capture Microdissection, Science, vol.274, issue.5289, pp.274-998, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.274.5289.998

R. E. Erb, Harmonal Control of Mammogenesis and Onset of Lactation in Cows???A Review, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.60, issue.2, pp.155-169, 1977.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)83849-6

J. M. Evers, The milkfat globule membrane???compositional and structural changes post secretion by the mammary secretory cell, International Dairy Journal, vol.14, issue.8, pp.661-674, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.005

R. E. Everts, P. Chavatte-palmer, A. Razzak, I. Hue, C. A. Green et al., Aberrant gene expression patterns in placentomes are associated with phenotypically normal and abnormal cattle cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer, Physiological Genomics, vol.33, issue.1, pp.65-77, 2008.
DOI : 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00223.2007

F. Farnir, B. Grisart, W. Coppieters, J. Riquet, P. Berzi et al., Simultaneous Mining of Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium to Fine Map Quantitative Trait Loci in Outbred Half-Sib Pedigrees: Revisiting the Location of a Quantitative Trait Locus, Genetics, vol.161, pp.275-287, 2002.

V. C. Farr, K. Stelwagen, L. R. Cate, A. J. Molenaar, T. B. Mcfadden et al., An Improved Method for the Routine Biopsy of Bovine Mammary Tissue, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.79, issue.4, pp.543-549, 1996.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76398-1

H. M. Farrell, R. Jimenez-flores, G. T. Bleck, E. M. Brown, J. E. Butler et al., Nomenclature of the Proteins of Cows??? Milk???Sixth Revision, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.87, issue.6, pp.1641-1674, 2004.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73319-6

K. A. Finucane, T. B. Mcfadden, J. P. Pond, J. J. Kennelly, and F. Q. Zhao, Onset of lactation in the bovine mammary gland: gene expression profiling indicates a strong inhibition of gene expression in cell proliferation, Functional & Integrative Genomics, vol.1680, issue.Suppl 1, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10142-008-0074-y

R. D. Frandson, Anatomy and physiology of farm animals, 1986.

M. Gautier, A. Capitan, S. Fritz, A. Eggen, D. Boichard et al., Characterization of the DGAT1 K232A and Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms in French Dairy Cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.90, issue.6, pp.2980-2988, 2007.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2006-707

T. Gerson, F. B. Shorland, G. F. Wilson, and C. W. Reid, Origin of Glyceride Fatty Acids in Cow Milk Fat, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.51, issue.3, pp.356-361, 1967.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(68)86990-5

C. Gonthier, A. F. Mustafa, D. R. Ouellet, P. Y. Chouinard, R. Berthiaume et al., Feeding Micronized and Extruded Flaxseed to Dairy Cows: Effects on Blood Parameters and Milk Fatty Acid Composition, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.88, issue.2, pp.748-756, 2005.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72738-7

V. Goudon-evans, E. Y. Lin, and J. W. Pollard, Requirement of macrophages and eosinophils and their cytokines/chemokines for mammary gland development, Breast Cancer Research, vol.98, issue.4, pp.155-164, 2002.
DOI : 10.1186/bcr441

B. Grisart, W. Coppieters, F. Farnir, L. Karim, C. Ford et al., Positional Candidate Cloning of a QTL in Dairy Cattle: Identification of a Missense Mutation in the Bovine DGAT1 Gene with Major Effect on Milk Yield and Composition, Genome Research, vol.12, issue.2, pp.222-231, 2002.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.224202

B. Grisart, F. Farnir, L. Karim, N. Cambisano, J. J. Kim et al., Genetic and functional confirmation of the causality of the DGAT1 K232A quantitative trait nucleotide in affecting milk yield and composition, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.2398-2403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308518100

F. Grosclaude, G. Ricordeau, P. Martin, F. Remeuf, L. Vassal et al., Du gène au fromage : le polymorphisme de la caséine alpha S1 caprine, ses effets, son evolution, INRA Productions Animales, vol.7, issue.1, pp.3-19, 1994.

J. Guinard-flament, E. Delamaire, S. Lemosquet, M. Boutinaud, and Y. David, Changes in mammary uptake and metabolic fate of??glucose with once-daily milking and feed restriction in dairy cows, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.46, issue.5, pp.589-598, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2006030
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900634

H. P. Haagsman, C. G. Dehaas, M. J. Geelen, and L. M. Vangolde, Regulation of Triacylglycerol Synthesis in the Liver -Modulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in vitro, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.257, issue.18, pp.10593-10598, 1982.

J. C. Hawke and M. W. Taylor, Influence of Nutritional Factors on the Yield, Composition and Physical Properties of Milk Fat, Advanced Dairy Chemistry-2 : Lipids, pp.37-88, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-010-9231-9_2

H. W. Heid and T. W. Keenan, Intracellular origin and secretion of milk fat globules, European Journal of Cell Biology, vol.84, issue.2-3, pp.245-258, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.002

L. Hennighausen and G. W. Robinson, Think globally, act locally: the making of a mouse mammary??gland, Genes & Development, vol.12, issue.4, pp.449-455, 1998.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.12.4.449

L. Hennighausen and G. W. Robinson, Signaling Pathways in Mammary Gland Development, Developmental Cell, vol.1, issue.4, pp.467-475, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00064-8

D. W. Heyen, J. I. Weller, M. Ron, M. Band, J. E. Beever et al., A genome scan for QTL influencing milk production and health traits in dairy cattle, Physiological Genomics, vol.1, pp.165-175, 1999.

V. H. Holsinger, Physical and chemical properties of lactose Lactose, water, salts and vitamins, Advanced dairy chemistry, 1997.

C. Holt, An equilibrium thermodynamic model of the sequestration of calcium phosphate by casein micelles and its application to the calculation of the partition of salts in milk, European Biophysics Journal, vol.33, issue.5, pp.421-434, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00249-003-0377-9

R. C. Hovey, D. E. Auldist, D. D. Mackenzie, and T. B. Mcfadden, Preparation of an epithelium-free mammary fat pad and subsequent mammogenesis in ewes., Journal of Animal Science, vol.78, issue.8, pp.2177-2185, 2000.
DOI : 10.2527/2000.7882177x

R. C. Hovey, T. B. Mcfadden, and R. M. Akers, Regulation of mammary gland growth and morphogenesis by the mammary fat pad: a species comparison, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.4, issue.1, pp.53-68, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1018704603426

R. C. Hovey, J. F. Trott, and B. K. Vonderhaar, Establishing a framework for the functional mammary gland: from endicrinology to morphology, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.7, issue.1, pp.17-38, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015766322258

E. Hu, P. Liang, and B. M. Spiegelman, AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.271, issue.18, pp.10697-10703, 1996.

C. Hurtaud, F. Faucon, and J. L. Peyraud, Effet de différentes formes d'apport de lin et de colza dans l'alimentation des vaches laitières sur les propriétés physiques et sensorielles du beurre, 2006.

H. Jammes and J. Djiane, Le développement de la glande mammaire et son contrôle hormonal dans l'espèce bovine, INRA Production Animale, vol.1, issue.5, pp.299-310, 1988.

R. Jenness, Lactational Performance of Various Mammalian Species, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.69, issue.3, pp.869-885, 1986.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80478-7

Z. Jiang, S. De, M. D. Garcia, K. B. Griffin, X. L. Wu et al., An independent confirmation of a quantitative trait locus for milk yield and composition traits on bovine chromosome 26, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, vol.149, issue.1, pp.281-284, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/gse:2002037

I. D. Johnson and I. C. Hart, Manipulation of milk yield with growth hormone, Recent Advance in Animal Nutrition, pp.105-123, 1986.

E. L. Jones, K. J. Shingfield, C. Kohen, A. K. Jones, B. Lupoli et al., Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Properties of Dairy Products Enriched with Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.88, issue.8, pp.2923-2937, 2005.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72973-8

T. Kanazawa and K. Kohmoto, - and ??-Casein in Mouse Mammary Glands at Early Stages of Pregnancy, Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, vol.51, issue.2, pp.257-264, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/002215540205000213

T. W. Keenan and P. D. Dylewski, Intracellular origin of milk lipid globules and the nature and structure of the milk lipid globule membrane, Advanced Dairy Chemistry, 1995.

J. A. Kelsey, B. A. Corl, R. J. Collier, and D. E. Bauman, The Effect of Breed, Parity, and Stage of Lactation on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Milk Fat from Dairy Cows, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.86, issue.8, pp.2588-2597, 2003.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73854-5

M. K. Kerr, Design Considerations for Efficient and Effective Microarray Studies, Biometrics, vol.3, issue.4, pp.822-828, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/30.4.e15

M. K. Kerr and G. A. Churchill, Experimental design for gene expression microarrays, Biostatistics, vol.2, issue.2, pp.183-201, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/biostatistics/2.2.183

W. T. Khaled, E. K. Read, S. E. Nicholson, F. O. Baxter, A. J. Brennan et al., The IL-4/IL-13/Stat6 signalling pathway promotes luminal mammary epithelial cell development, Development, vol.134, issue.15, pp.2739-2750, 2007.
DOI : 10.1242/dev.003194

M. S. Khatkar, P. C. Thomson, I. Tammen, and H. W. Raadsma, Quantitative trait loci mapping in dairy cattle: review and meta-analysis, Genetics Selection Evolution, vol.36, issue.2, pp.163-190, 2004.
DOI : 10.1186/1297-9686-36-2-163
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00894480

C. Kühn, G. Thaller, A. Winter, O. R. Bininda-edmonds, B. Kaupe et al., Evidence for Multiple Alleles at the DGAT1 Locus Better Explains a Quantitative Trait Locus With Major Effect on Milk Fat Content in Cattle, Genetics, vol.167, issue.4, pp.1873-1881, 2004.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.103.022749

N. J. Kuhn, D. T. Carrick, and C. J. Wilde, Lactose Synthesis: The Possibilities of Regulation, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.63, issue.2, pp.328-336, 1980.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82934-1

J. Labussière, Physiologie de l'éjection du lait. Conséquence sur la traite, Biologie de la lactation: Martinet, J. et Houdebine, L.M., Les editions INSERM -INRA editions, 1993.

K. D. Lardizabal, J. T. Mai, N. W. Wagner, A. Wyrick, T. Voelker et al., DGAT2 Is a New Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Gene Family: PURIFICATION, CLONING, AND EXPRESSION IN INSECT CELLS OF TWO POLYPEPTIDES FROM MORTIERELLA RAMANNIANA WITH DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.42, pp.38862-38869, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M106168200

H. Larroque, Y. Gallard, D. Boichard, and J. J. Colleau, Une expérimentation en croisement pour détecter des QTL chez les bovins laitiers, Rencontre Recherche Ruminants, vol.10, p.61, 2003.

L. Cao, K. A. Rossouw, D. Robert-granié, C. Besse, and P. , A sparse PLS for variable selection when integrating Omics data, Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-32, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00300204

S. Lê, J. Josse, and F. Husson, FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis, Journal of Statistical Software, vol.25, issue.1, 2008.

R. Lehner and A. Kuksis, Triacylglycerol Synthesis by an sn-1,3)-Diacylglycerol Transacylase from Rat Intestinal Microsomes, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.2, issue.26812, pp.8781-8786, 1993.

R. Lehner and A. Kuksis, Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, Progress in Lipid Research, vol.35, issue.2, pp.169-201, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0163-7827(96)00005-7

Y. F. Leung and D. Cavalieri, Fundamentals of cDNA microarray data analysis, Trends in Genetics, vol.19, issue.11, pp.649-659, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tig.2003.09.015

H. Leveziel and E. P. Cribiu, 3-Cartographie des génomes, Etats des lieux de la cartographie du génome. INRA Productions Animales numéro hors Série, pp.103-107, 2000.

V. Lollivier, J. Guinard-flament, M. Ollivier-bousquet, and P. G. Marnet, Oxytocin and milk removal: two important sources of variation in milk production and milk quality during and between milkings, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.42, issue.2, pp.173-186, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2002016
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900362

J. C. Long and J. F. Caceres, The SR protein family of splicing factors: master regulators of gene expression, Biochemical Journal, vol.417, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2009.
DOI : 10.1042/BJ20081501

C. Looft, N. Reinsch, C. Karall-albrecht, S. Paul, M. Brink et al., A mammary gland EST showing linkage disequilibrium to a milk production QTL on bovine Chromosome 14, Mammalian Genome, vol.12, issue.8, pp.646-650, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s003350020003

F. J. Lozeman, C. K. Middleton, J. Deng, E. C. Kazala, C. Verhaege et al., Characterization of microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity from bovine adipose and muscle tissue, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.130, issue.1, pp.105-115, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00413-4

W. C. Man, M. Miyazaki, K. Chu, and J. Ntambi, Colocalization of SCD1 and DGAT2: implying preference for endogenous monounsaturated fatty acids in triglyceride synthesis, The Journal of Lipid Research, vol.47, issue.9, 1928.
DOI : 10.1194/jlr.M600172-JLR200

J. Mann and M. Skeaff, Chapter 3: Lipids. In Essentials of human nutrition -Second edition: Mann, J. and Truswell, 2002.

S. Marchin, J. L. Putaux, F. Pignon, and J. Léonil, Effects of the environmental factors on the casein micelle structure studied by cryo transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering/ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.126, issue.4, p.45101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2409933
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01454006

M. O. Marshall and J. Knudsen, Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols Containing Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Cow Mammary Gland. Activity of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase towards Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Esters, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.53, issue.2, pp.259-266, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6

P. Martin, P. Ferranti, C. Leroux, and F. Addeo, Non-Bovine Caseins: Quantitative Variability and Molecular Diversity, Advanced Dairy Chemistry, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_6

P. Martin, M. Szymanowska, L. Zwierzchowski, and C. Leroux, The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.42, issue.5, pp.433-459, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2002036
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900338

T. Mary-huard, F. Picard, and S. Robin, Introduction to statistical methods for microarray data analysis, Mathematicals and computational methods in biology, pp.155-230, 2006.

S. R. Master, J. L. Hartman, C. M. Cruz, S. E. Moody, E. A. Keiper et al., Functional Microarray Analysis of Mammary Organogenesis Reveals a Developmental Role in Adaptive Thermogenesis, Molecular Endocrinology, vol.16, issue.6, pp.1185-1203, 2002.
DOI : 10.1210/mend.16.6.0865

I. H. Mather, A Review and Proposed Nomenclature for Major Proteins of the Milk-Fat Globule Membrane,, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.83, issue.2, pp.203-247, 2000.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74870-3

I. H. Mather and T. W. Keenan, The cell biology of milk secretion: historical notes, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.3, issue.3, pp.227-232, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1018755225291

I. H. Mather and T. W. Keenan, Origin and Secretion of Milk Lipids, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.3, issue.3, pp.259-273, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1018711410270

N. Mayorek and J. Bar-tana, Medium Chain Fatty Acids as Specific Substrates dor Diglyceride Acyltransferase in Cultured Hepatocytes, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.258, issue.11, pp.6789-6792, 1983.

N. Mayorek, I. Grinstein, and J. Bar-tana, Triacylglycerol synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. The rate-limiting role of diacylglycerol acyltransferase, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.5, issue.2, pp.395-400, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6107(78)90017-2

R. L. Meegalla, J. T. Billheimer, and D. Cheng, Concerted elevation of acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity through independent stimulation of mRNA expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 by carbohydrate and insulin, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.298, issue.3, pp.317-323, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02466-X

R. W. Mellenberger and D. E. Bauman, Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid synthesis in rabbit mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation, Biochemical Journal, vol.138, issue.3, pp.373-379, 1974.
DOI : 10.1042/bj1380373

R. W. Mellenberger, D. E. Bauman, and D. R. Nelson, Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid and lactose synthesis in cow mammary tissue, Biochemical Journal, vol.136, issue.3, pp.741-748, 1973.
DOI : 10.1042/bj1360741

T. B. Mepham, P. Gaye, P. Martin, and J. C. Mercier, Biosynthesis of milk protein, Advanced in dairy chemistry, 1992.

T. B. Mepham, P. Gaye, and J. C. Mercier, Biosynthesis of milk proteins, Developments in Dairy Chemistry-1: Fox, P.F, 1982.

M. C. Michalski, V. Briard, and F. Michel, Optical parameters of milk fat globules for laser light scattering measurements, Le Lait, vol.81, issue.6, pp.787-796, 2001.
DOI : 10.1051/lait:2001105
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00895542

J. Mikkelsen and J. Knudsen, Acyl-CoA-binding protein from cow. Binding characteristics and cellular and tissue distribution, Biochemical Journal, vol.248, issue.3, pp.709-714, 1987.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2480709

G. Miranda, M. F. Mahé, C. Leroux, and P. Martin, Proteomic tools to characterize the protein fraction ofEquidae milk, PROTEOMICS, vol.4, issue.8, pp.2496-2509, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/pmic.200300765

A. J. Molenaar, Y. M. Kuys, S. R. Davis, R. J. Wilkins, P. E. Mead et al., Elevation of Lactoferrin Gene Expression in Developing, Ductal, Resting, and Regressing Parenchymal Epithelium of the Ruminant Mammary Gland, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.79, issue.7, pp.1198-1208, 1996.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76473-1

S. Mori, S. I. Nishikawa, and Y. Yokota, Lactation defect in mice lacking the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2, The EMBO Journal, vol.19, issue.21, pp.5772-5781, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/19.21.5772

H. Mulder and P. Walstra, The milk fat globule, 1974.

R. Nadon and J. Shoemaker, Statistical issues with microarrays: processing and analysis, Trends in Genetics, vol.18, issue.5, pp.265-271, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02665-3

H. L. Nakhasi and P. K. Qasba, Quantitation of milk proteins and their mRNAs in rat mammary gland at various stages of gestation and lactation, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.254, issue.13, pp.69016-6025, 1979.

M. J. Naylor, S. R. Oakes, M. Gardiner-garden, J. Harris, K. Blazek et al., Transcriptional Changes Underlying the Secretory Activation Phase of Mammary Gland Development, Molecular Endocrinology, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1868-1883, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/me.2004-0254

B. A. Nemeth, S. W. Tsang, R. S. Geske, and P. M. Haney, Golgi Targeting of the GLUT1 Glucose Transporter in Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland, Pediatric Research, vol.8, issue.4, pp.444-450, 2000.
DOI : 10.1203/00006450-200004000-00006

C. Neveu, Effets du polymorphisme de la caseine alpha S1 sur la composition du lait et sur la structure de ses éléments figurés (micelles de caséines et globules gras) chez la chèvre, Biologie Rennes: Université de Rennes 1, 2004.

C. Neveu, A. Riaublanc, G. Miranda, J. F. Chich, and P. Martin, -Cn locus?, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.42, issue.2, pp.163-172, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:2002015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00807181

M. C. Neville, T. B. Mcfadden, and I. Forsyth, Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.7, issue.1, pp.49-66, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015770423167

K. F. Ng-kwai-hang and F. Grosclaude, Genetic Polymorphism of Milk Proteins, In Advanced Dairy Chemistry -Part B, vol.1, pp.739-816, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_22

K. F. Ng-kwai-hang, J. F. Hayes, J. E. Moxley, and H. G. Monardes, Association of Genetic Variants of Casein and Milk Serum Proteins with Milk, Fat, and Protein Production by Dairy Cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.67, issue.4, pp.835-840, 1984.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81374-0

E. A. Nordstrom, M. Ryden, E. C. Backlund, I. Dahlman, M. Kaaman et al., A Human-Specific Role of Cell Death-Inducing DFFA (DNA Fragmentation Factor-??)-Like Effector A (CIDEA) in Adipocyte Lipolysis and Obesity, Diabetes, vol.54, issue.6, pp.1726-1734, 2005.
DOI : 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1726

O. Donnell, R. Holland, J. W. Deeth, H. C. Alewood, and P. , Milk proteomics, International Dairy Journal, vol.14, issue.12, pp.1013-1023, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.04.004

S. L. Ogg, A. K. Weldon, L. Dobbie, A. J. Smith, and I. H. Mather, Expression of butyrophilin (Btn1a1) in lactating mammary gland is essential for the regulated secretion of milk-lipid droplets, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.27, pp.10084-10089, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0402930101

S. Ollier, Utilisation des puces à ADN pour l'étude de la régulation nutritionnelle du fonctionnement de la glande mammaire chez la chèvre en lactation, p.199, 2007.

S. Ollier, C. Robert-granié, L. Bernard, Y. Chilliard, and C. Leroux, Mammary transcriptome analysis of food-deprived lactating goats highlights genes involved in milk secretion and programmmed cell death, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.137, pp.560-567, 2007.

M. Ollivier-bousquet, Sécrétion des caséines : régulation hormonale, Biologie de la lactation : Martinet, J. et Houdebine, L.M., Les éditions INSERM et INRA éditions, 1993.

H. G. Olsen, H. Nilsen, B. Hayes, P. R. Berg, M. Svendsen et al., Genetic support for a quantitative trait nucleotide in the ABCG2 gene affecting milk composition of dairy cattle, BMC Genetics, vol.8, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2156-8-32

S. Ozasa, E. S. Kempner, and S. K. Erickson, Functional size of acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase by radiation inactivation, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.30, pp.1759-1762, 1989.

R. D. Palmiter, Hormonal induction and regulation of lactose synthetase in mouse mammary gland, Biochemical Journal, vol.113, issue.2, pp.409-417, 1969.
DOI : 10.1042/bj1130409

D. L. Palmquist and H. R. Conrad, High Fat Rations for Dairy Cows. Effects on Feed Intake, Milk and Fat Production, and Plasma Metabolites, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.61, issue.7, pp.890-901, 1978.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(78)83667-4

C. S. Pareek, U. Czarnik, T. Zabolewicz, R. S. Pareek, and K. Walawski, DGAT1 K232A quantitative trait nucleotide polymorphism in Polish Black-and-White cattle, Journal of Applied Genetics, vol.46, issue.1, pp.85-87, 2005.

P. W. Parodi, Variation in the fatty acid composition of milkfat: effet of stage of lactation. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, pp.145-148, 1974.

V. K. Pedchenko and W. Imagawa, Pattern of expression of the KGF receptor and its ligands KGF and FGF-10 during postnatal mouse mammary gland development, pp.441-447, 2000.

C. J. Peel and D. E. Bauman, Somatotropin and Lactation, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.70, issue.2, pp.474-486, 1987.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80030-9

A. Peters and E. Lamming, Hormone patterns and reproduction in cattle, Practice - Farm Practice september 1983, pp.153-158, 1983.
DOI : 10.1136/inpract.5.5.153

D. R. Pitelka, S. T. Hamamoto, J. G. Duafala, and M. K. Nemanic, CELL CONTACTS IN THE MOUSE MAMMARY GLAND: I. Normal Gland in Postnatal Development and the Secretory Cycle, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.56, issue.3, pp.797-818, 1973.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.56.3.797

H. Pointurier and J. Adda, Beurrerie industrielle, 1969.

S. Pougheon and J. Goursaud, Le lait et ses constituants : caractéristiques physicochimiques, Lait, Nutrition, Santé, pp.2-42, 2001.

A. E. Proudfoot, R. Buser, F. Borlat, S. Alouani, D. Soler et al., Amino-terminally Modified RANTES Analogues Demonstrate Differential Effects on RANTES Receptors, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.274, issue.45, pp.32478-32485, 1999.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32478

J. Quackenbush, COMPUTATIONAL GENETICS: COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MICROARRAY DATA, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.2, issue.6, pp.418-427, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35076576

T. Quinn, Dairy Farm Management, 1980.

P. Rainard and B. Poutrel, Protection immunitaire de la glande mammaire, Biologie de la lactation: Martinet J. et Houdebine, L.M, 1993.

P. Rainard and C. Riollet, Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland, Veterinary Research, vol.37, issue.3, pp.369-400, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/vetres:2006007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903030

J. T. Rasmussen, L. Berglund, M. S. Rasmussen, and T. E. Petersen, Assignment of disulfide bridges in bovine CD36, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.257, issue.2, pp.488-494, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570488.x

I. Recio, M. Ramos, and L. Amigo, Study of the polymorphism of ovine ??s1- and ??s2-caseins by capillary electrophoresis, Journal of Dairy Research, vol.64, issue.4, pp.525-534, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022029997002495

O. A. Rego, P. V. Portugal, M. B. Sousa, H. J. Rosa, C. M. Vouzela et al., Effect of diet on the fatty acid pattern of milk from dairy cows, Animal Research, vol.53, issue.3, pp.213-220, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2004010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00889942

J. Riquet, W. Coppieters, N. Cambisano, J. J. Arranz, P. Berzi et al., Fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci by identity by descent in outbred populations: Application to milk production in dairy cattle, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, pp.9252-9257, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9252

R. W. Robey, K. K. To, O. Polgar, M. Dohse, P. Fetsch et al., ABCG2: A perspective, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol.61, issue.1, pp.3-13, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addr.2008.11.003

G. W. Robinson, R. A. Mcknight, G. H. Smith, and L. Hennighausen, Mammary epithelial cells undergo secretory differentiation in cycling virgins but require pregnancy for the establishment of terminal differentiation, Development, vol.121, pp.2079-2090, 1995.

P. Romagnani, F. Annunziato, E. Lazzeri, L. Cosmi, C. L. Beltrame et al., Interferon-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by interferon gamma, and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant are produced by thymic epithelial cells and attract T-cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta+CD8+ single-positive T cells, TCRgammadelta+ T cells, and natural killer-type cells in human thymus, Blood, vol.97, issue.3, pp.601-607, 2001.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V97.3.601

M. C. Rudolph, J. L. Mcmanaman, L. Hunter, T. Phang, and M. C. Neville, Functional Development of the Mammary Gland: Use of Expression Profiling and Trajectory Clustering to Reveal Changes in Gene Expression During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Involution, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.8, issue.3, pp.287-307, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/B:JOMG.0000010030.73983.57

M. C. Rudolph, J. L. Mcmanaman, T. L. Phang, T. Russell, D. J. Kominsky et al., Metabolic regulation in the lactating mammary gland: a lipid synthesizing machine, Physiological Genomics, vol.28, issue.3, pp.323-336, 2007.
DOI : 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2006

A. C. Rustan, J. O. Nossen, E. N. Christiansen, and C. A. Drevon, Eicosapentanoic acid reduces hapatic synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol by decreasing the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.29, pp.1417-1426, 1988.

A. I. Saeed, V. Sharov, J. White, J. Li, W. Liang et al., TM4: a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis, Biotechniques, vol.34, issue.2, pp.374-378, 2003.

H. P. Saluz, J. Iqbal, G. V. Limmon, A. Ruryk, and Z. Wu, Fundamentals of DNAchip/array technology for comparative gene-expression analysis, Current Science, vol.83, issue.7, pp.829-833, 2002.

A. Schennink, J. M. Heck, H. Bovenhuis, M. H. Visker, H. J. Van-valenberg et al., Milk fatty acid unsaturation: genetic parameters and effects of stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD1) and acyl coA, Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Journal of Dairy Science, vol.1, issue.91, pp.2135-2143, 2008.

A. Schennink, W. M. Stoop, M. H. Visker, J. M. Heck, H. Bovenhuis et al., DGAT1 underlies large genetic variation in milk-fat composition of dairy cows, Animal Genetics, vol.12, issue.5, pp.467-473, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01635.x

A. Schroeder, O. Mueller, S. Stocker, R. Salowsky, M. Leiber et al., The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements, BMC Molecular Biology, vol.7, issue.3, 2006.

K. L. Schwertfeger, J. L. Mcmanaman, C. A. Palmer, M. C. Neville, and S. M. Anderson, Expression of constitutively activated Akt in the mammary gland leads to excess lipid synthesis during pregnancy and lactation, The Journal of Lipid Research, vol.44, issue.6, pp.1100-1112, 2003.
DOI : 10.1194/jlr.M300045-JLR200

R. O. Scow, P. Desnuelle, and R. Verger, Lipolysis and lipid movement in a membrane model Action of lipoprotein lipase, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.254, issue.14, pp.6456-6463, 1979.

L. G. Sheffield, Organization and Growth of Mammary Epithelia in the Mammary Gland Fat Pad, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.71, issue.10, pp.2855-2874, 1988.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79881-1

R. C. Shuster, L. M. Houdebine, and P. Gaye, Studies on the Synthesis of Casein Messenger RNA during Pregnancy in the Rabbit, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.93, issue.1, pp.193-199, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0303-7207(75)90030-1

Y. N. Sinha and H. A. Tucker, Mammary Development and Pituitary Prolactin Level of Heifers from Birth through Puberty and during the Estrous Cycle, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.52, issue.4, pp.502-512, 1969.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(69)86595-1

S. J. Smith, S. Cases, D. R. Jensen, H. C. Chen, E. Sande et al., Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat, Nature Genetics, vol.109, issue.1, pp.87-90, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/75651

L. M. Sordillo and K. L. Streicher, Mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, vol.7, issue.2, pp.135-146, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1020347818725

A. Soukas, P. Cohen, N. D. Socci, and J. M. Friedman, Leptin-specific patterns of gene expression in white adipose tissue, Genes and Development, vol.14, pp.963-980, 2000.

H. Soyeurt, A. Gillon, S. Vanderick, P. Mayeres, C. Bertozzi et al., Estimation of Heritability and Genetic Correlations for the Major Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.90, issue.9, pp.4435-4442, 2007.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.2007-0054

R. J. Spelman, C. A. Ford, P. Mcelhinney, G. C. Gregory, and R. G. Snell, Characterization of the DGAT1 Gene in the New Zealand Dairy Population, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.85, issue.12, pp.3514-3517, 2002.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74440-8

S. P. Suchyta, S. Sipkovsky, R. G. Halgren, R. Kruska, M. Elftman et al., Bovine mammary gene expression profiling using a cDNA microarray enhanced for mammary-specific transcripts, Physiological Genomics, vol.16, issue.1, pp.8-18, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2003

D. Suzuki, Le gène, La biologie, 1995.

N. Suzuki, N. J. Chen, D. G. Millar, S. Suzuki, T. Horacek et al., IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 Is Essential for IL-18-Mediated NK and Th1 Cell Responses, The Journal of Immunology, vol.170, issue.8, pp.4031-4035, 2003.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.170.8.4031

H. E. Swaisgood, Chemistry of the caseins In Advanced Dairy Chemistry, 2003.

E. W. Swanson and J. I. Poffenbarger, Mammary Gland Development of Dairy Heifers during Their First Gestation, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.62, issue.5, pp.702-714, 1979.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83313-5

M. Taniguchi, T. Utsugi, K. Oyama, H. Mannen, M. Kobayashi et al., Genotype of stearoyl-CoA desaturase is associated with fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle, Mammalian Genome, vol.15, issue.2, pp.142-148, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00335-003-2286-8

L. Tremblay, M. F. Laporte, J. Leonil, D. Dupont, and P. Paquin, Quantitation of Proteins in Milk and Milk Products, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_2

H. A. Tucker, Hormones, Mammary Growth, and Lactation: a 41-Year Perspective, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.83, issue.4, pp.874-884, 2000.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74951-4

V. G. Tusher, R. Tibshirani, and G. Chu, Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, pp.4116-4121, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.091062498

V. Van-herwaarden, A. E. Wagenaar, E. Karnekamp, B. Merino, G. Jonker et al., Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) reduces systemic exposure of the dietary carcinogens aflatoxin B1, IQ and Trp-P-1 but also mediates their secretion into breast milk, Carcinogenesis, vol.27, issue.1, pp.123-130, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/bgi176

J. L. Vilotte, C. B. Whitelaw, M. Ollivier-bousquet, and D. B. Shennan, Biosynthesis of Milk Proteins, Advanced in dairy chemistry, pp.699-738, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_21

C. Vorbach, M. R. Capecchi, and J. M. Penninger, Evolution of the mammary gland from the innate immune system?, BioEssays, vol.34, issue.6, pp.606-616, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/bies.20423

M. Wang, S. R. Master, and L. A. Chodosh, Computational expression deconvolution in a complex mammalian organ, p.328, 2006.

A. T. Ward, K. M. Wittenberg, and R. Przybylski, Bovine Milk Fatty Acid Profiles Produced by Feeding DietsContaining Solin, Flax and Canola, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.85, issue.5, pp.1191-1196, 2002.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74182-9

C. J. Watson, Immune cell regulators in mouse mammary development and involution, Journal of Animal Science, vol.87, issue.Num 13,Supp 1, 2008.
DOI : 10.2527/jas.2008-1333

C. T. Whittemore, Lactation of the dairy cow, 1980.

G. F. Wilgram and E. P. Kennedy, Intracellular Distribution of Some Enzymes Catalyzing Reactions in the Biosynthesis of Complex Lipids, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.238, issue.8, pp.2615-2619, 1963.

C. M. Williams, Dietary fatty acids and human health, Annales de Zootechnie, vol.49, issue.3, pp.165-180, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:2000116
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00889890

A. Winter, A. Alzinger, and R. Fries, Assessment of the gene content of the chromosomal regions flanking bovine DGAT1, Genomics, vol.83, issue.1, pp.172-180, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00238-6

A. Winter, W. Krämer, F. A. Werner, S. Kollers, S. Kata et al., Association of a lysine-232/alanine polymorphism in a bovine gene encoding acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) with variation at a quantitative trait locus for milk fat content, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, pp.9300-9305, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.142293799

T. Yamauchi, J. Kamon, H. Waki, Y. Terauchi, N. Kubota et al., The fatderived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity, Nature Medicine, vol.7, issue.8, pp.941-946, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/90984
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00174777

L. Y. Yang, S. Dudoit, P. Luu, D. M. Lin, V. Peng et al., Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.30, issue.4, pp.15-16, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/30.4.e15

Y. Yang, S. Dudoit, D. Luu, V. Peng, J. Ngai et al., Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.30, issue.4, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/30.4.e15

L. Bernard, C. Leroux, and Y. Chilliard, Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Lipogenic Genes in the Ruminant Lactating Mammary Gland, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.606, pp.67-108, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_2

S. Bingham, Essentials of Human Nutrition, pp.335-54, 2002.

M. Bionaz and J. J. Loor, Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle, BMC Genomics, vol.9, issue.1, p.366, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-9-366

D. Boichard, C. Grohs, F. Bourgeois, and . Cerqueira, Detection of genes influencing economic traits in three French dairy cattle breeds, Genetics Selection Evolution, vol.35, issue.1, pp.77-101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/1297-9686-35-1-77
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00894436

W. Coppieters, J. Riquet, J. J. Arranz, and P. Berzi, A QTL with major effect on milk yield and composition maps to bovine Chromosome 14, Mammalian Genome, vol.9, issue.7, pp.540-544, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003359900815

P. Delmar, S. Robin, and J. J. Daudin, VarMixt: efficient variance modelling for the differential analysis of replicated gene expression data, Bioinformatics, vol.21, issue.4, pp.502-508, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00126119

V. C. Farr, K. Stelwagen, L. R. Cate, A. J. Molenaar, T. B. Mcfadden et al., An Improved Method for the Routine Biopsy of Bovine Mammary Tissue, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.79, issue.4, pp.543-549, 1996.
DOI : 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76398-1

A. Schennink, W. M. Stoop, M. H. Visker, and . Heck, DGAT1 underlies large genetic variation in milk-fat composition of dairy cows, Animal Genetics, vol.12, issue.5, pp.467-473, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01635.x

S. J. Smith, S. Cases, D. R. Jensen, and H. C. Chen, Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat, Nature Genetics, vol.109, issue.1, pp.87-90, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/75651

. Logiciel-de-programmation, Les programmes s'enregistrent sous la forme « fichier.r ». C'est dans Tinn-R que l'on peut créer, ouvrir, modifier, enregistrer et lancer des programmes