S. Kouidri, Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'inuence des paramètres constructifs sur les caractéristiques aéroacoustiques des ventilateurs axiaux, Thèse

T. Belamri, Analyse aube à aube de l'écoulement instationnaire multigrilles par la méthode des singularités -application aux turbomachines à uides à uide incompressible, Thèse ENSAM-CER-Paris, 1999.

A. Maaloum, Modélisation des phènomènes instationnaires en turbomachine, Application à l'aéroacoustique des ventilateurs, Thèse ENSAM-CER-Paris, 2002.

T. Bouquet, Etude du comportement aéraulique et acoustique des ventilateurs centrifuges à action, Thèse ENSAM-CER-Paris, 2004.

S. Khelladi, Contribution à la modélisation aéroacoustique des ventilateurs centrifuges à grande vitesse, Thèse ENSAM-CER-Paris, 2005.

D. Fedala, Modélisation du bruit à large bande rayonné par un prol isolé -application aux turbomachines, Thèse ENSAM-CER-Paris, 2007.

C. Bonamy, Analyse expérimentale de l'aérodynamique proche paroi et modélisation du bruit de bord de fuite d'un prol d'aile en écoulement subsonique, Thèse de l'Université de Poitiers, 2007.

P. Mish, An experimental investigation of unsteady surface pressure on single and multiple airfoil, Thèse Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003.

Y. Na, Direct numerical simulation of turbulent boundary layers with adverse pressure gradient and separation, Thèse, 1996.

C. Osborne, Compressibility Eects in the Unsteady Interaction Between Blade Rows

Y. Rozenberg, Modélisation analytique du bruit aérodynamique à large bande des machines tournantes : utilisation de calcul moyennés de mécanique des uides, 2007.

J. Adamcyzk and R. Brand, Scattering of sound by an aerofoil of finite span in a compressible stream, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.25, issue.1, pp.139-156, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-460X(72)90602-5

R. Amiet, Compressibility Effects in Unsteady Thin-Airfoil Theory, AIAA Journal, vol.12, issue.2, pp.252-255, 1974.
DOI : 10.2514/3.49212

R. Amiet, Acoustic radiation from an airfoil in a turbulent stream, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.41, issue.4, pp.407-420, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(75)80105-2

R. Amiet, Airfoil response to an incompressible skewed gust of small spanwise wave-number, AIAA Journal, vol.14, issue.4, pp.541-542, 1976.
DOI : 10.2514/3.7126

R. Amiet, High frequency thin-airfoil theory for subsonic flow, AIAA Journal, vol.14, issue.8, pp.1076-1082, 1976.
DOI : 10.2514/3.7187

R. Amiet and W. Sears, The aerodynamic noise of small-perturbation subsonic flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.17, issue.02, pp.227-235, 1979.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112070001805

R. Schlinker and R. Amiet, Helicopter rotor trailing edge noise, 7th Aeroacoustics Conference, 1981.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1981-2001

R. Patterson and R. Amiet, Acoustic radiation and surface pressure characteristics of an airfoil due to incident turbulence, 3rd Aeroacoustics Conference, 1976.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1976-571

R. Patterson and R. Amiet, Acoustic radiation and surface pressure characteristics of an airfoil due to incident turbulence, 3rd Aeroacoustics Conference, pp.76-571, 1976.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1976-571

H. Atassi, The Sears problem for a lifting airfoil revisited - new results, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.90, issue.-1, pp.109-122, 1984.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112076002036

H. Atassi and J. Grzedzinski, Unsteady disturbances of streaming motions around bodies, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.1, issue.-1, pp.385-403, 1989.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112073000893

J. Fang and H. Attassi, Numerical Solutions for Unsteady Subsonic Vortical Flows Around Loaded Cascades, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.115, issue.4, pp.810-816, 1993.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2929319

M. Goldstein and H. Attassi, A complete second-order theory for the unsteady flow about an airfoil due to a periodic gust, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.17, issue.04, pp.741-765, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-8928(62)90034-5

J. Scott and H. Atassi, A Finite-Difference, Frequency-Domain Numerical Scheme for the Solution of the Gust Response Problem, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.119, issue.1, pp.75-93, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.1995.1117

J. Scott, H. Atassi, and F. Susan-resiga, A New Domain Decomposition Approach for the Gust Response Problem, 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2003.
DOI : 10.2514/6.2003-883

T. Carolus, Acoustic performance of low pressure axial fan rotors with dierent blade chord lenght and radial load distribution, Proceedings DGLR/AIAA, 14th Aeroacoustics Conference, pp.809-815, 1992.

T. Carolus and M. Stremel, Blade surface pressure uctuations and acoustic radiation from axial fan rotor due to turbulent inow. The 9th international symposium on transport phenomena and dynamics of rotating machinery, 2002.

T. Carolus, M. Schneider, and R. H. , Axial flow fan broad-band noise and prediction, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.300, issue.1-2, pp.50-70, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsv.2006.07.025

D. Chase, Modeling the wavevector-frequency spectrum of turbulent boundary layer wall pressure, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.70, issue.1, pp.29-67, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-460X(80)90553-2

G. Commerford and F. Carta, An exploratory investigation of the unsteady aerodynamic response ofa two-dimensional airfoil at high reduced frequency, Dynamics Specialists Conference, 1970.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1973-309

G. Commerford and F. Carta, Unsteady Aerodynamic Response of a Two Dimensional Airfoil at High Reduced Frequency, AIAA Journal, vol.12, issue.1, pp.43-48, 1973.

G. Corcos, Resolution of Pressure in Turbulence, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.35, issue.2, pp.192-199, 1963.
DOI : 10.1121/1.1918431

R. Cummings, W. Morgan, and R. Boswell, Highly skewed propellers, Transactions of the ASME, vol.80, 1972.

F. Williams, J. Hall, and L. , Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.231, issue.04, pp.657-670, 1970.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112070000368

L. Filotas, Response of an innite wing to an oblique sinusoidal gust. Basic Aerodynamic Noise Research, pp.231-246, 1969.

S. Fleeter, V. Capece, and H. Chiang, Unsteady aerodynamic gust response including steady flow separation, AIAA Journal, vol.28, issue.6, pp.1024-1031, 1989.
DOI : 10.2514/3.25160

H. Fujita, Noise characteristics and outlet ow eld of axial ow fans, Noise-Con Proceedings, 1979.

T. Fukano, Y. Kodama, and Y. Takamatsu, Noise generated by low pressure axial flow fans, III: Effects of rotational frequency, blade thickness and outer blade profile, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.56, issue.2, pp.261-277, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(78)80020-0

T. Fukano, Y. Kodama, and Y. Takamatsu, Noise generated by low pressure axial flow fans, II: Effects of number of blades, chord length and camber of blade, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.50, issue.1, pp.75-88, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-460X(77)90552-1

T. Fukano, Y. Kodama, and Y. Takamatsu, Noise generated by low pressure axial flow fans, III: Effects of rotational frequency, blade thickness and outer blade profile, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.56, issue.2, pp.261-277, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(78)80020-0

T. Fukano, Y. Kodama, and Y. Takamatsu, The eect of the tip clearance on the noise of low pressure axial and mixedow fans, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.105, pp.299-308, 1986.

T. Fukano and Y. Kodama, Prediction of sound power of the low pressure axial and diagonal ow fans. Fan noise symposium, 1992.

M. Goody and R. Simpson, Surface Pressure Fluctuations Beneath Two- and Three-Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layers, AIAA Journal, vol.38, issue.10, pp.1822-1831, 2000.
DOI : 10.2514/2.863

M. Goody, An empirical spectral model of surface pressure uctuations that includes Reynolds number eects, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2002.

J. Graham, Lifting surface theory for the problem of an arbitrarily yawed sinusoidal gust incident on a thin airfoil in incompressible ow, Aeronautical Quarterly, pp.182-198, 1970.

J. Graham, Similarity rules for thin aerofoils in non-stationary subsonic flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.21, issue.04, pp.753-766, 1970.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112070002719

R. Jackson, J. Graham, and D. Maull, The lift on a wing in a turbulent ow, Aeronautical Quarterly, vol.24, pp.155-166, 1973.

J. Graham and I. Kullar, Small perturbation expansions in unsteady aerofoil theory, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.43, issue.02, pp.209-224, 1977.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112077001165

I. Kullar and J. Graham, Acoustic effects due to turbulence passing through cascades of thin aerofoils, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.110, issue.1, pp.143-160, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(86)80081-5

A. Guédel, Bruit des ventilateurs, pp.177-181

A. Guédel and N. Yazigi, Inuence of blade sweep on the noise of a low-speed tubeaxial fan. Fan Noise Symposium, CETIM Senlis, pp.167-178, 1992.

S. Glegg, THE RESPONSE OF A SWEPT BLADE ROW TO A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GUST, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.227, issue.1, pp.29-64, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2327

K. Hall and J. Verdon, Gust response analysis for cascades operating in nonuniform mean flows, AIAA Journal, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1463-1471, 1991.
DOI : 10.2514/3.10761

D. Hanson, The spectrum of rotor noise caused by atmospheric turbulence, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, p.41, 1974.

D. Hanson, Near-field frequency-domain theory for propeller noise, AIAA Journal, vol.23, issue.4, pp.499-504, 1984.
DOI : 10.2514/3.8943

D. Hanson, Theory for broadband noise of rotor and stator cascades with inhomogeneous inow turbulence including eects of lean and sweep, NASA Report CR, 2001.

G. Henderson and S. Fleeter, Forcing Function Effects on Unsteady Aerodynamic Gust Response: Part 2???Low Solidity Airfoil Row Response, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.115, issue.4, pp.751-759, 1993.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2929310

G. Henderson and S. Fleeter, Vortical Gust Response of a Low-Solidity Vane Row Including Steady Loading and Dynamic Stall Effects, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.119, issue.3, pp.482-490, 1997.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2841147

J. Horlock, Fluctuating Lift Forces on Aerofoils Moving Through Transverse and Chordwise Gusts, Journal of Basic Engineering, vol.90, issue.4, pp.494-500, 1968.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3605173

M. Howe, Acoustics of uid-structures interactions, 1998.

P. Hunnabal, Control of tonal noise generation in axial ow fans by optimising geometry of xed and rotating components. Fan Noise Symposium, CETIM Senlis, pp.475-482, 1992.

S. Kaji and T. Okazaki, Axial-ow compressor noise studies, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.1, pp.281-307, 1970.

S. Kaji and . Okazaki, Propagation of sound waves through a blade row, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.11, issue.3, pp.355-375, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(70)80039-6

W. Keith, D. Hurdis, and B. Abraham, A Comparison of Turbulent Boundary Layer Wall-Pressure Spectra, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol.114, issue.3, pp.338-347, 1992.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2910035

E. Kerschen, Noise generation by a nite span swept airfoil, AIAA paper, issue.83, 1983.

A. Envia and E. Kerschen, Noise generated by convected gusts interacting with swept airfoil cascades. AIAA paper no, 10th Aeroacoustics Conference, pp.86-1872, 1986.

S. Kouidri, D. Fedala, T. Belamri, and R. R. , Comparative study of the aeroacoustic behavior of three axial ow fans with dierent sweeps, Proceedings of the ASME FEDSM'05, 2005.

D. Fedala, S. Koudri, F. Bakir, and R. R. , Prediction du bruit des ventilateurs par un couplage d'une methode analytique et de la CFD, Colloque Bruit aerodynamique des ventilateurs, pp.25-26, 2006.

D. Fedala, S. Koudri, R. Rey, T. Carolus, and M. Schneider, Incident Turbulence Interaction Noise from an Axial Fan, 12th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (27th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 2006.
DOI : 10.2514/6.2006-2477

G. Kergourlay, S. Kouidri, G. Rankin, T. Belamri, and R. R. , Experimental investigation of the 3D unsteady ow eld downstream of axial fans. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, pp.303-314, 2006.

J. Hurault, S. Kouidri, F. Bakir, and R. R. , Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Downstream Turbulence in Axial Flow Fan, rd International Symposium Fan Noise, 2007.

A. Kurtz, A. Kane, S. Goodman, W. Landmann, L. Geras et al., High accuracy piezoresistive internal combsution engine transducers. Automotive testing expo, 2004.

S. Lewy, Mesure des sources sonores dans une maquette de souante subsonique de turboréacteur, par capteurs de pression pelliculaires. 1er Congrès Français d'Acoustique, pp.10-13, 1990.

M. Lighthill, On Sound Generated Aerodynamically. I. General Theory, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.211, issue.1107, pp.1-32, 1952.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1952.0060

M. Lighthill, On Sound Generated Aerodynamically. II. Turbulence as a Source of Sound, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.222, issue.1148, pp.564-587, 1954.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1954.0049

H. Liepman, Extension of the Statistical Approach to Buffeting and Gust Response of Wings of Finite Span, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol.22, issue.3, pp.197-200, 1955.
DOI : 10.2514/8.3305

R. Longhousse, Control of tip vortex noise of axial ow fans by rotating shrouds. Fan noise symposium, pp.201-214, 1978.

M. Lowson, Theoretical analysis of compressor noise, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, vol.47, 1970.

M. Lowson, The Sound Field for Singularities in Motion, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.286, issue.1407, pp.559-572, 1407.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1965.0164

R. Ma, Unsteady periodic turbulence interaction in a tip leakage ow downstream of a simulated axial compressor rotor, Thèse, Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Dept, 2003.

S. Majumdar and N. Peake, Noise generation by the interaction between ingested turbulence and a rotating fan, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.359, pp.181-216, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112097008318

J. Miles, Quasi-stationary airfoil theory in subsonic compressible flow, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, vol.8, issue.4, p.181, 1950.
DOI : 10.1090/qam/38195

P. Morfey, Lift Fluctuations Associated With Unsteady Chordwise Flow Past an Airfoil, Journal of Basic Engineering, vol.92, issue.3, pp.663-665, 1970.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3425098

B. Mugridge, Sound radiation from aerofoils in turbulent flow, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.13, issue.3, pp.362-363, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-460X(70)80026-8

H. Ribner, Spectral Theory of Buffeting and Gust Response: Unification and Extension, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol.23, issue.12, pp.1075-1118, 1956.
DOI : 10.2514/8.3733

E. Reissner, On the application of Mathieu functions in the theory of subsonic compressible ow past oscillating airfoils, 1951.

P. Roach, The generation of nearly isotropic turbulence by means of grids. Heat and Fluid Flow, pp.82-92, 1986.

M. Roger and S. Et-moreau, Back-scattering correction and further extensions of Amiet's trailing-edge noise model. Part 1: theory, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.286, issue.3, pp.477-506, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.10.054

B. Satyanarayana, R. Henderson, and J. Gostelow, A Comparison Between Experimental and Theoretical Fluctuating Lift on Cascades at Low Frequency Parameters, Volume 1A: General
DOI : 10.1115/74-GT-78

H. Schloemer, Effects of Pressure Gradients on Turbulent???Boundary???Layer Wall???Pressure Fluctuations, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.42, issue.1, pp.93-113, 1967.
DOI : 10.1121/1.1910581

V. Karman, T. Sears, and W. , Airfoil Theory for Non-Uniform Motion, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol.5, issue.10, pp.379-390, 1938.
DOI : 10.2514/8.674

W. Sears, Some Aspects of Non-Stationary Airfoil Theory and Its Practical Application, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol.8, issue.3, pp.104-108, 1941.
DOI : 10.2514/8.10655

. Sharland, Sources of noise in axial ow fans, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.3, pp.302-322, 1964.

C. Sing and S. Widnall, Prediction of Unsteady Airloads for Oblique Blade-Gust Interaction in Compressible Flow, AIAA Journal, vol.12, issue.9, pp.1228-1235, 1974.

J. Tyler and T. Sofrin, Axial ow compressor noise studies, SAE Translation, vol.70, pp.309-332, 1962.

P. Welch, The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms, IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, vol.15, issue.2
DOI : 10.1109/TAU.1967.1161901

W. Willmarth and C. Woolridge, Measurements of the uctuating pressure at the wall beneath a thick turbulent boundary layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.14, 1962.

T. Wright and W. Simmons, Blade Sweep for Low-Speed Axial Fans, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.112, issue.1, pp.151-158, 1990.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2927413

A. Iso, Industrial fans, performance testing using standardized airways, 1999.

D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 1994.

J. Bendat and A. Piersol, Measurement and analysis of random data, p.365, 1966.

J. Cousteix, Turbulence et couche limite, Editions Cepadues, 1989.

H. Schlichting, Boundary-layer theory, 1968.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5

.. Ligne-de-courant-dans-le-caisson-et-en-aval, colorée par la résultante de la vitesse (m/s), p.46

.. Et-g2back, Coecient de pression en fonction de la corde à mi-envergure aux deux débits Comparaison entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux pour les ventilateurs G2rad, G2for, p.101

. Repère-utilisé-pour-le-modèle-d-'amiet-de-bord-de-fuite......., 113 4.2 a) Triangle des vitesses dans une grille d'aubes. b), p.116

.. Et-g2back, Comparaison entre les interspectres des pressions pariétales obtenus par les diérents modèles et ceux obtenus par l'expérience pour la section 4 (périphérique ) des ventilateurs G2rad, G2for, p.135

.. Et-g2back, Niveau de puissance acoustique calculé par le modèle d'Amiet de bord de fuite Comparaison entre les diérentes méthodes d'obtention des spectres de pression pariétale, p.137

B. De-chase-howe-en, Densités spectrales de puissance des pressions acoustiques en fonction de l'angle ? de la position de l'observateur émises par le ventilateur G2rad, p.141

.. De-goody-en-bas, Densités spectrales de puissance des pressions acoustiques en fonction de l'angle ? de la position de l'observateur émises par le ventilateur G2for, p.142