H. M. James and E. Guth, Theory of the Increase in Rigidity of Rubber during Cure, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.15, issue.9, p.669, 1947.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1746626

H. M. Smallwood, Limiting Law of the Reinforcement of Rubber, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.15, issue.11, p.758, 1944.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1707385

L. Dewimille, Nanocomposites Poly(dimethysiloxane) -silice in situ : Synthèse, structure et propriétés, 2005.

F. Clément, Etude des mécanismes de renforcement dans les réseaux de poly(dimétylsiloxane) chargés de silice, 1998.

T. Graham, XXXV.???On the properties of silicic acid and other analogous colloidal substances, J. Chem. Soc., vol.17, issue.0, p.318, 1864.
DOI : 10.1039/JS8641700318

P. Audebert, P. Griesmar, P. Hapiot, and C. Sanchez, Sol???gel???xerogel evolution investigated by electroactive probes in silica and transition-metal oxide based gels, J. Mater. Chem., vol.48, issue.12, p.1293, 1993.
DOI : 10.1039/JM9920201293

J. C. Pouxviel, J. P. Boilot, J. C. Beloeil, and J. Y. Lallemand, NMR study of the sol/gel polymerization, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.89, issue.3, p.345, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(87)80277-6

T. Boyd, Preparation and properties of esters of polyorthotitanic acid, Journal of Polymer Science, vol.7, issue.6, p.591, 1951.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1951.120070603

B. E. Yoldas, Zirconium oxides formed by hydrolytic condensation of alkoxides and parameters that affect their morphology, Journal of Materials Science, vol.4, issue.2, p.1080, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01117398

K. D. Keefer, Better Ceramics Through Chemistry II, 1986.

P. J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell U. P Ikhaca, 1953.

W. H. Stockmayer, Theory of Molecular Size Distribution and Gel Formation in Branched???Chain Polymers, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.11, issue.2, p.45, 1943.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1723803

D. Stauffer, Gelation in concentrated critically branched polymer solutions. Percolation scaling theory of intramolecular bond cycles, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2, vol.72, p.1354, 1976.
DOI : 10.1039/f29767201354

M. Eden, A two-dimensional growth process, Proc. 4th Berkeley Sympos, pp.223-239, 1961.

P. Meakin, On Growth and Form, 1986.

R. K. Iller, The chemistry of silica, 1979.

L. T. Zhuravlev, Concentration of hydroxyl groups on the surface of amorphous silicas, Langmuir, vol.3, issue.3, p.316, 1987.
DOI : 10.1021/la00075a004

L. T. Zhuravlev, Surface characterization of amorphous silica???a review of work from the former USSR, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.74, issue.1, p.71, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80399-Y

A. Vittadini, A. Selloni, and F. P. Rotzinger, Anatase \(101\) and \(001\) Surfaces, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.14, p.2954, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2954

K. Ferris and L. Q. Wang, Electronic structure calculations of small molecule adsorbates on (110) and (100) TiO2, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, vol.16, issue.3, p.956, 1998.
DOI : 10.1116/1.581219

A. Nosaka, T. Fujiwara, F. Yagi, H. Akutsu, and Y. Nosaka, H NMR Spectroscopy, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.108, issue.26, p.9121, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jp037297i

L. Bokobza and M. Kolbdziej, On the use of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fillers for elastomeric materials, Polymer International, vol.72, issue.9, p.1090, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/pi.2064

D. W. Mccarthy, J. E. Mark, and D. W. Schaffer, Synthesis, structure, and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on polysiloxanes. I. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers containing silica, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.36, issue.7, p.1167, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199805)36:7<1167::AID-POLB7>3.0.CO;2-R

J. E. Mark and J. L. Sullivan, Model networks of end???linked polydimethylsiloxane chains. I. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical values of the elastic modulus and the equilibrium degree of swelling, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.66, issue.3, p.1006, 1977.
DOI : 10.1063/1.434056

A. L. Andrady, M. A. Llorente, and J. E. Mark, Model networks of end???linked polydimethylsiloxane chains. VII. Networks designed to demonstrate non???Gaussian effects related to limited chain extensibility, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.72, issue.4, p.2282, 1980.
DOI : 10.1063/1.439472

L. Dewimille, Thèse Nanocomposite Polydiméthylsiloxane silice générée in situ : synthèse, structure et propriétés, 2005.

J. M. Breiner, J. E. Mark, G. G. Beaucage, J. E. Mark, G. T. Burns et al., Beaugage in nanostructured powders and their industrial application, Materials Reserch Society, p.275, 1998.

C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-gel Processing, 1990.

N. B. Colthup and L. H. Daly, Introduction to infrared and raman spectroscopy, 1975.

H. Kricheldorf, I. Kreiser-saunders, and C. Boettcher, Polylactones: 31. Sn(II)octoate-initiated polymerization of L-lactide: a mechanistic study, Polymer, vol.36, issue.6, p.1253, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(95)93928-F

J. M. Breiner, J. E. Mark, and G. Beaucage, Dependence of silica particle sizes on network chain lengths, silica contents, and catalyst concentrations inin situ-reinforced polysiloxane elastomers, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.1, issue.13, p.1421, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19990701)37:13<1421::AID-POLB8>3.0.CO;2-M

M. Microscopie-Électronique-À-transmission-(, 67 3.1.2 Diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles (SANS : Small Angle Neutron Scattering), p.67

M. Résultats-obtenus-en, 70 3.3.1 Echantillons catalysés par un dérivé de l'étain, p.72

D. W. Mccarthy, J. E. Mark, S. J. Clarson, and D. W. Schaefer, Synthesis, structure, and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on polysiloxanes. II. Comparisons between poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and poly(dimethylsiloxane), and between titania and silica, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.36, issue.7, p.1191, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199805)36:7<1191::AID-POLB8>3.0.CO;2-X

A. Harrison, Fractals in Chemistry Oxford Chemistry Primers, 1995.

D. W. Mccarthy, J. E. Mark, and D. W. Schaefer, Synthesis, structure, and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on polysiloxanes. I. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers containing silica, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.36, issue.7, p.1167, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199805)36:7<1167::AID-POLB7>3.0.CO;2-R

K. D. Keefer, Better Ceramics Through chemistry II, 1986.

G. Beaucage, T. A. Ulibarri, E. P. Black, and D. W. Schaefer, Multiple size scale structures in silicasiloxane composites studied by small angle scattering ; in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites, pp.97-111, 1996.

P. Etude-de-la-mobilité-du, D. , and P. , influence des charges in situ sur la cristallisation et la fusion, p.92

E. De, L. Mobilité, . Pdms, . Dsc, . Influence et al., 9 ? Evolution du pic de fusion en fonction du taux de S iO 2 "étain" vitesse de chauffe 3°C/min Figure 4.10 ? Evolution du pic de fusion en fonction du taux de T iO 2 "étain, vitesse de chauffe 3°C/min La figure 4.11 donne l'évolution de l'enthalpie de fusion en fonction de la fraction massique de PDMS. 4. INTERACTION PDMS-CHARGE IN SITU

. Sont-plus-fortes-que-ce-que-prévoit-le-modèle-de-kraus, En ne tenant pas compte du fait que l'équation de Kraus ne soit pas vérifiée, nous avons trouvé une pente de 1.93 correspondant à c = 1.85. Néanmoins cette valeur est très proche de celle trouvée par F

. La-figure-4, 17 représente Q g

L. Dewimille, Thèse Nanocomposite Polydiméthylsiloxane silice générée in situ : synthése, structure et propriétés, 2005.

G. J. Kraus, Swelling of filler-reinforced vulcanizates, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.7, issue.3, p.861, 1963.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1963.070070306

F. Clément, Etude des mécanismes de renforcement dans les réseaux polydimethylsiloxane chargés de silice, 1998.

J. Berriot, F. Lequeux, H. Montes, and H. Pernot, Reinforcement of model filled elastomers: experimental and theoretical approach of swelling properties, Polymer, vol.43, issue.23, p.6131, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00553-0

J. W. Gilman, Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate (clay) nanocomposites, Applied Clay Science, vol.15, issue.1-2, p.31, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00019-8

D. Porter, E. Metcalfe, and M. J. Thomas, Nanocomposite fire retardants ? a review, Fire and Materials, vol.31, issue.1, p.45, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(200001/02)24:1<45::AID-FAM719>3.0.CO;2-S

G. Camino, S. M. Lomakin, and M. Lazzari, Polydimethylsiloxane thermal degradation Part 1. Kinetic aspects, Polymer, vol.42, issue.6, p.2395, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00652-2

V. P. Silva, M. P. Paschoalino, M. C. Gonçaves, M. I. Felisberti, W. F. Jardim et al., Silicone rubbers filled with TiO2: Characterization and photocatalytic activity, Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol.113, issue.1, p.395, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.07.104

M. A. Schiavon, S. U. Redondo, S. R. Pina, and I. V. Yoshida, Investigation on kinetics of thermal decomposition in polysiloxane networks used as precursors of silicon oxycarbide glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.304, issue.1-3, p.92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01009-8

W. C. Liaw and K. P. Chen, Preparation and characterization of poly(imide siloxane) (PIS)/titania(TiO2) hybrid nanocomposites by sol???gel processes, European Polymer Journal, vol.43, issue.6, p.2265, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.015

L. Li, L. Qinghua, and Y. Jie, Preparation and properties of photosensitive polyimide/titania???silica hybrid materials, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol.22, issue.1, p.61, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4931(01)00312-5

.. Comportement-des-réseaux-chargés, 145 6.2.2.1 Premières constatations : Echantillons catalysés par le dA, p.147

.. Etude-de-l-'effet-mullins, 154 6.3.1 Rappels sur l'interprétation de l'effet, p.155

L. C. Struik, Physical Aging in Amorphous Polymers and others materials, 1978.

J. Berriot, Existence et rôle d'un gradient de température de transition vitreuse sur les propriétés mécaniques d'un élastomère renforcé, 2003.

J. Mark, Novel reinforcement techniques for elastomers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.50, issue.0, p.273
DOI : 10.1002/app.1992.070500022

G. S. Sur and J. E. Mark, Elastomeric networks cross-linked by silica or titania fillers, European Polymer Journal, vol.21, issue.12, p.1051, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-3057(85)90213-7

S. Ahmed and F. R. Jones, A review of particulate reinforcement theories for polymer composites, Journal of Materials Science, vol.6, issue.12, p.4933, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00580110

A. Pouchelon and P. Vondracek, Semiempirical Relationships between Properties and Loading in Filled Elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.62, issue.5, p.788, 1989.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3536275

F. Clément, Etude des mécanismes de renforcement dans les réseaux de polydimethylsiloxane chargés de silice, 1998.

J. A. Harwood, A. R. Payne, and R. E. Whittaker, Stress-Softening and reinforcement of rubber, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, vol.5, issue.2, p.473, 1971.
DOI : 10.1080/00222347108212551

L. Dewimille, Nanocomposites Polydimethylsiloxane-silice générée in situ : Synthèse, Structure et propriétés, 2005.

A. R. Payne, G. Heinrich, and M. Klüppel, Advances in Polymer Science 1600 (2002) 1. [30] G. Krauss, Journal of Applied Polymer Science -Applied Polymer Symposium J.L. Leblanc ; Prog. Rubb. Plast Technol, vol.3933, issue.842, pp.10-61, 1965.