C. Repères-de, E. Ou-repère, .. Iii-a.-repère-patient, .. Iv-a-repère-gravitaire, .. Vii-a-gîtes et al., V A.2.1 Repère tête V A.2.2 Repère local vertèbre3 Description de l'équilibre global IX A.4.4 Orientation des vertèbres IX B Conception et qualification d'une plate-forme de force pour la mesure de la ligne de gravité XI B.1 Introduction XI B.2.2 Qualification de la plate-forme de mesure XVII B.4 Qualification de la plate-forme de force1 Cartographie de la précision de mesure à l'aide d'une table à règlesXVIII B.4.2 Influence du fonctionnement de l'appareil EOS? sur la mesure du centre des pressions XXIV C.2.1 [Legaye et coll XXIV C.2.2 [Vialle et coll, III A.1.1 Repère Cabine . VIII A.4.2 Angle de Cobb . VIII A.4.3 Angle XX B.4.3 Évaluation de la précision de mesure à l'aide du système EOS . . XXI B.5 Résumé et conclusion XXIII C.1 Paramètres utilisés dans les équations XXIV C.2 Équations de régressions XXV C.2.4 XXVI C.2.5 [Mac-Thiong et coll. XXVI C.2.7 [Lafage et coll.1 Techniques chirurgicales, modélisation et caractérisation du geste d'ostéotomie XXIX D.1.1 Ostéotomies postérieures multiples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXX D.1.2 Ostéotomie transpédiculaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXI D.1.3 Résection de la colonne vertébrale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXIV D.2 Planification chirurgicale : définition de la correction . . . . . . . . . . . XXXVI D.2.1 [Jacotot, 1999] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXVI D.2.2 [Pigge et coll. XXXVII D.2 XXXVIII 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, p.4, 1998.

D. Altman and J. Bland, Measurement in Medicine: The Analysis of Method Comparison Studies, The Statistician, vol.32, issue.3, pp.307-317, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/2987937

Y. Aota, T. Saito, M. Uesugi, K. Ishida, and K. Shinoda, Mizuma : Does the fists-on-clavicles position represent a functional standing position ? Spine, pp.34808-812, 1976.

N. Aurouer, I. Obeid, O. Gille, V. Pointillart, and J. , Vital : Computerized preoperative planning for correction of sagittal deformity of the spine, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2009.

C. Barrey, J. Jund, O. Noseda, and P. Roussouly, Sagittal balance of the pelvis-spine complex and lumbar degenerative diseases. A comparative study about 85 cases, European Spine Journal, vol.71, issue.9, pp.1459-1467, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-006-0294-6

C. Barrey, J. Jund, G. Perrin, and P. Roussouly, SPINOPELVIC ALIGNMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS, Neurosurgery, vol.61, issue.5, pp.981-986, 2007.
DOI : 10.1227/01.neu.0000303194.02921.30

A. Baudoin, W. Skalli, and D. Mitton, An accurate pelvis axis sytem using a low dose x-ray device, 6th annual meeting of Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS), 2006.

A. Baudoin, W. Skalli, and D. Mitton, Parametric subject-specific model for in vivo 3d reconstruction using bi-planar x-rays : Application to the upper femoral extremity, Journal of Biomechanics, pp.1-5, 2007.

A. Baudoin, Pre and post operative analysis of the hip using 3D reconstructions from biplanar low dose X-rays] Analyse en pre et post operatoire de l'articulation de la hanche a l'aide de reconstructions 3d issues de radiographies biplanaires basse dose, Thèse de doctorat, Ecole Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003263

E. Berthonnaud, J. Dimnet, P. Roussouly, and H. Labelle, Analysis of the Sagittal Balance of the Spine and Pelvis Using Shape and Orientation Parameters, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.18, issue.1, pp.40-47157, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.bsd.0000117542.88865.77

E. Berthonnaud, H. Labelle, P. Roussouly, G. Grimard, G. Vaz et al., A Variability Study of Computerized Sagittal Spinopelvic Radiologic Measurements of Trunk Balance, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.18, issue.1, pp.66-71, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.bsd.0000128345.32521.43

J. M. Bland and D. G. Altman, Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement, International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol.47, issue.8, pp.307-310, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001

C. Boulay, C. Tardieu, J. Hecquet, C. Benaim, B. Mouilleseaux et al., Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis, European Spine Journal, vol.44, issue.A, pp.415-422, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-005-0984-5

A. Bourghli, S. Aunoble, O. Reebye, J. C. Le, and . Huec, Correlation of clinical outcome and spinopelvic sagittal alignment after surgical treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis, European Spine Journal, vol.34, issue.Suppl, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-011-1934-z

K. H. Bridwell, S. J. Lewis, L. G. Lenke, C. Baldus, and K. Blanke, PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF FIXED SAGITTAL IMBALANCE, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.85, issue.3, pp.454-463, 2003.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-200303000-00009

K. H. Bridwell, S. J. Lewis, A. Rinella, L. G. Lenke, C. Baldus et al., Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. surgical technique, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, issue.suppl1, pp.8644-8693, 2004.

R. Y. Carlier, A. Feydy, J. Desperramons, L. Mehu, N. Vernhet et al., Place de l???imagerie diagnostique et th??rapeutique dans la prise en charge des scolioses de l???adulte, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.4, pp.309-319, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.11.013

C. Carrobourg, Contribution à l'analyse posturale en utilisant une plateforme de force, 2005.

Y. Chaibi, Adaptation des méthodes de reconstruction 3D rapides par stéréoradiographie : modélisation du membre inférieur et calcul des indices cliniques en présence de déformation structurale, Thèse de doctorat, Arts et Metiers PArisTech, 2010.

S. Champain, T. David, C. Mazel, and A. Mitulescu, Evaluation des r??sultats ?? long terme apr??s r??paration isthmique des spondylolisth??sis de faible grade de l???adulte, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, vol.117, issue.2, pp.337-347, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00590-007-0198-0

S. Champain, V. Fiere, A. Mitulescu, P. Schmitt, and W. Skalli, Early outcomes after ALIF with cage and plate in discogenic low back pain, ArgoSpine News & Journal, vol.25, issue.Suppl 1, pp.177-188, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03040348

S. Champain, V. Pointillart, M. Koleck, O. Gille, J. M. Vital et al., Relations entre param??tres cliniques, biom??caniques et psychosociaux dans l?????valuation des r??sultats 7 ans apr??s arthrod??se lombaire post??ro-lat??rale, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, vol.18, issue.2, pp.543-552158, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00590-007-0234-0

S. Champain, Correlations entre les parametres biomecaniques du rachis et les indices cliniques pour l' analyse quantitative des pathologies du rachis lombaire et de leur traitement chirurgical, Thèse de doctorat, Laboratoire de Biomecanique Arts et Metiers ParisTech -CNRS, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004960

O. A. Danisa, D. Turner, and W. J. Richardson, Surgical correction of lumbar kyphotic deformity: posterior reduction ???eggshell??? osteotomy, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.92, issue.1, pp.50-56, 2000.
DOI : 10.3171/spi.2000.92.1.0050

A. Delmas, Types rachidiens de statique corporelle, Rev Morpho-physiol Hum, pp.27-32, 1951.

W. Dempster, Space requirements of the seated operator. geometrical, kinematic, and mechanical aspects of the body with special reference to the limbs, 1955.

F. Denis, The Three Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries, Spine, vol.8, issue.8, pp.817-848, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-198311000-00003

S. Deschênes, G. Charron, G. Beaudoin, H. Labelle, J. Dubois et al., Diagnostic Imaging of Spinal Deformities, Spine, vol.35, issue.9, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bdcaa4

J. Dubousset, The Pediatric Spine : Principles and Practice, chapitre Threedimensionnal Analysis of the Scoliotic Deformity, 1994.

J. Dubousset, G. Charpak, I. Dorion, W. Skalli, F. Lavaste et al., Ferey : [a new 2d and 3d imaging approach to musculoskeletal physiology and pathology with low-dose radiation and the standing position : the eos system, Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, pp.287-97, 2005.

J. Dubousset, Treatment of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Children and Adolescents, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.337, pp.77-85, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-199704000-00010

J. Duflos and J. Pokorski, Analyse des troubles de la posture a l'aide d'une plateforme de force, Arts et Metiers ParisTechArts et Metiers ParisTech, 2007.

R. Dumas, A. L. Bras, N. Champain, M. Savidan, D. Mitton et al., Validation of the relative 3D orientation of vertebrae reconstructed by bi-planar radiography, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol.26, issue.5, pp.415-422159, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.02.004

J. During, H. Goudfrooij, W. Keessen, T. W. Beeker, and A. Crowe, Toward Standards for Posture, Spine, vol.10, issue.1, pp.83-87, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-198501000-00013

G. Duval-beaupère, [maturation indices in the surveillance of scoliosis] Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur, pp.59-76, 1970.

G. Duval-beaupère, Rib Hump and Supine Angle as Prognostic Factors for Mild Scoliosis, Spine, vol.17, issue.1, pp.103-110, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199201000-00015

G. Duval-beaupère, D. Ovazza, J. Tisseau, A. Pascal, P. Roche et al., Mise au point d'un appareil de mesure de la masse des segments corporels et de son point d'application, INSERM. Colloque de synthèse d'action thématique, pp.165-176, 1975.

G. Duval-beaupère and G. , Visualization on full spine radiographs of the anatomical connections of the centres of the segmental body mass supported by each vertebra and measured in vivo, International Orthopaedics, vol.64, issue.3, pp.261-269, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00271459

G. Duval-beaupère, C. Schmidt, and P. Cosson, A barycentremetric study of the sagittal shape of spine and pelvis: The conditions required for an economic standing position, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.70, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.451-462, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02368136

G. Duval-beaupère and J. Legaye, Composante sagittale de la statique rachidienne, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.2, pp.105-119, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.09.018

A. B. El-fegoun, F. Schwab, L. Gamez, N. Champain, W. Skalli et al., Farcy : Center of gravity and radiographic posture analysis : a preliminary review of adult volunteers and adult patients affected by scoliosis, Spine, issue.13, pp.30-1535, 1976.

K. Endo, H. Suzuki, H. Tanaka, Y. Kang, and K. Yamamoto, Sagittal spinal alignment in patients with lumbar disc herniation, European Spine Journal, vol.26, issue.3, pp.435-438, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-009-1240-1

F. D. Faro, M. C. Marks, J. Pawelek, and P. O. Newton, Evaluation of a Functional Position for Lateral Radiograph Acquisition in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Spine, vol.29, issue.20, pp.292284-2289, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000142224.46796.a7

N. Gangnet, V. Pomero, R. Dumas, W. Skalli, and J. , Vital : Variability of the spine and pelvis location with respect to the gravity line : a three-dimensional stereoradiographic study using a force platform, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.25, pp.5-6424, 2003.

N. Gangnet, R. Dumas, V. Pomero, A. Mitulescu, W. Skalli et al., Vital : Three-dimensional spinal and pelvic alignment in an asymptomatic population, Spine, issue.15, pp.31-507, 1976.

C. Garreau-de-loubresse, R. Vialle, and S. Wolff, Cyphoses pathologiques, chapitre Appareil locomoteur, Encycl Méd Chir, pp.15-869, 2005.

D. E. Gelb, L. G. Lenke, K. H. Bridwell, K. Blanke, and K. W. , An Analysis of Sagittal Spinal Alignment in 100 Asymptomatic Middle and Older Aged Volunteers, Spine, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1351-1358, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199520120-00005

O. Gille, Outil d'évaluation de la musculature du tronc par IRM : application à l'étude de la posture et à l'étude des lésions musculaires secondaires à la chirurgie, Thèse de doctorat, Arts et Metiers ParisTech (ENSAM), 2006.

O. Gille, N. Champain, A. Benchikh-el-fegoun, J. Vital, and W. Skalli, Reliability of 3D Reconstruction of the Spine of Mild Scoliotic Patients, Spine, vol.32, issue.5, pp.568-573, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000256866.25747.b3

S. D. Glassman, S. Berven, K. Bridwell, W. Horton, and J. R. , Dimar : Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis, Spine, issue.6, pp.30682-688, 1976.

S. D. Glassman, K. Bridwell, J. R. Dimar, W. Horton, S. Berven et al., The Impact of Positive Sagittal Balance in Adult Spinal Deformity, Spine, vol.30, issue.18, pp.302024-2029, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000179086.30449.96

C. C. Glüer, G. Blake, Y. Lu, B. A. Blunt1, M. Jergas1 et al., Accurate assessment of precision errors: How to measure the reproducibility of bone densitometry techniques, Osteoporosis International, vol.52, issue.4, pp.262-270, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01774016

H. Graf and J. Hecquet, Dubousset : [3-dimensional approach to spinal deformities . application to the study of the prognosis of pediatric scoliosis]. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l, Appareil Moteur, vol.69, issue.5, pp.407-423, 1983.

A. W. Grande, P. C. Maher, C. J. Morgan, O. Choutka, B. C. Ling et al., Vertebral column subtraction osteotomy for recurrent tethered cord syndrome in adults: a cadaveric study, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.4, issue.6, pp.478-484, 2006.
DOI : 10.3171/spi.2006.4.6.478

H. Gray, Anatomy of the Human Body. Lea & Febiger, thoroughly rev. and re-edited by warren h. lewis édition, 1918.

P. Guigui, Morvan : Les troubles de la statique rachidienne de l adulte, Journal de Radiologie, vol.83, pp.1143-1147, 2002.

D. S. Hanson, K. H. Bridwell, J. M. Rhee, and L. G. , Lenke : Correlation of pelvic incidence with low-and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis, Spine, issue.18, pp.272026-2029, 1976.

R. F. Heary and C. M. Bono, Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the treatment of chronic, posttraumatic kyphotic deformity, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.5, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2006.
DOI : 10.3171/spi.2006.5.1.1

G. Hisleur, Determination de la taille de l'echantillon dans un test student, Revue de Statistique Appliquee, vol.17, issue.1, pp.69-77161, 1969.

W. C. Horton, C. W. Brown, K. H. Bridwell, S. D. Glassman, S. Suk et al., Is There an Optimal Patient Stance for Obtaining a Lateral 36??? Radiograph?, Spine, vol.30, issue.4, pp.427-433, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000153698.94091.f8

I. Hovorka, P. Rousseau, N. Bronsard, M. Chalali, M. Julia et al., Mesure de la r??serve d???extension de la hanche en relation avec le rachis. ??tude comparative de deux m??thodes radiologiques, Revue de Chirurgie Orthop??dique et R??paratrice de l'Appareil Moteur, vol.94, issue.8, pp.94771-776, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rco.2008.03.033

L. Humbert, J. A. De-guise, B. Aubert, and B. Godbout, Skalli : 3d reconstruction of the spine from biplanar x-rays using parametric models based on transversal and longitudinal inferences, Med Eng Phys, issue.6, pp.31681-687, 2009.

L. Humbert, Contribution a l'automatisation du traitement des radiographies du système osteoarticulaire pour la modelisation geometrique et l'analyse clinique, Thèse de doctorat, Ecole Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 2008.

L. Humbert, H. Carlioz, A. Baudoin, and W. Skalli, 3D Evaluation of the acetabular coverage assessed by biplanar X-rays or single anteroposterior X-ray compared with CT-scan, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol.26, issue.3, pp.257-262, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00256-005-0050-8

L. Humbert, J. Steffen, R. Vialle, J. Dubousset, and J. , Vital et W. Skalli : 3d analysis of congenital scoliosis with hemivertebrae using biplanar radiography : a feasibility study

B. Ilharreborde, J. Steffen, J. Vital, I. Obeid, K. Mazda et al., Are eos 3d reconstructions reliable in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by posterior instrumentation ? In EPOS

B. Ilharreborde, J. Steffen, J. Vital, I. Obeid, K. Mazda et al., Eos 3d reconstructions in the management of ais, 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, 2011.

B. Ilharreborde, J. S. Steffen, E. Nectoux, J. M. Vital, K. Mazda et al., Skalli et I. Obeid : Angle measurement reproducibility using eos 3d reconstructions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by posterior instrumentation, Spine, 1976.

R. P. Jackson and C. Hales, Congruent Spinopelvic Alignment on Standing Lateral Radiographs of Adult Volunteers, Spine, vol.25, issue.21, pp.2808-2815, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200011010-00014

R. P. Jackson and A. C. Mcmanus, Radiographic Analysis of Sagittal Plane Alignment and Balance in Standing Volunteers and Patients with Low Back Pain Matched for Age, Sex, and Size, Spine, vol.19, issue.Supplement, pp.1611-1618, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199407001-00010

R. P. Jackson, M. D. Peterson, A. C. Mcmanus, and C. Hales, Compensatory Spinopelvic Balance Over the Hip Axis and Better Reliability in Measuring Lordosis to the Pelvic Radius on Standing Lateral Radiographs of Adult Volunteers and Patients, Spine, vol.23, issue.16, pp.231750-1767, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199808150-00008

A. Jacotot, Planification pré-opératoire des osteotomies vertébrales, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 1999.

J. Jang, S. Lee, J. Min, and D. H. , Influence of Lumbar Lordosis Restoration on Thoracic Curve and Sagittal Position in Lumbar Degenerative Kyphosis Patients, Spine, vol.34, issue.3, pp.280-284, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318191e792

P. Korovessis, A. Dimas, P. Iliopoulos, and E. Lambiris, Correlative Analysis of Lateral Vertebral Radiographic Variables and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.15, issue.5, pp.384-390, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00024720-200210000-00007

H. Labelle, P. Roussouly, E. Berthonnaud, E. Transfeldt, M. O-'brien et al., Dimnet : Spondylolisthesis, pelvic incidence, and spinopelvic balance : a correlation study, Spine, issue.18, pp.292049-2054, 1976.

H. Labelle, P. Roussouly, D. Chopin, E. Berthonnaud, T. Hresko et al., Spino-pelvic alignment after surgical correction for developmental spondylolisthesis, European Spine Journal, vol.11, issue.2, pp.1170-1176, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-008-0713-y

. Farcy, Standing balance and sagittal plane spinal deformity : analysis of spinopelvic and gravity line parameters, Spine, vol.33, issue.14, pp.1572-1578, 1976.

V. Lafage, F. Schwab, S. Vira, A. Patel, B. Ungar et al., Farcy : Spino-pelvic parameters following surgery can be predicted : A preliminary formula and validation of standing alignment, Spine, issue.13, pp.361037-1045, 1976.

F. Lavaste, Contribution à l'étude du comportement biomécanique du rachis lombaire, Thèse de docteur ès sciences, p.163, 1990.

J. Y. Lazennec, S. Ramare, N. Arafati, C. G. Laudet, M. Gorin et al., Sagittal alignment in lumbosacral fusion: relations between radiological parameters and pain, European Spine Journal, vol.9, issue.1, pp.47-55, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s005860050008

J. C. Le-huec, R. Saddiki, J. Franke, and J. Rigal, Aunoble : Equilibrium of the human body and the gravity line : the basics, Eur Spine J, 2011.

J. Legaye, G. Duval-beaupère, J. Hecquet, and C. Marty, Pelvic incidence: a fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves, European Spine Journal, vol.7, issue.2, pp.99-103, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s005860050038

J. Legaye and G. Duval-beaupère, Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity : a radiological and clinical evaluation, Acta Orthopaedica Belgica, vol.71, issue.2, pp.213-220, 2005.

J. Legaye and G. Duval-beaupère, Gravitational forces and sagittal shape of the spine, International Orthopaedics, vol.11, issue.5, pp.809-816, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00264-007-0421-y

J. Mac-thiong, H. Labelle, E. Berthonnaud, R. R. Betz, and P. Roussouly, Sagittal spinopelvic balance in normal children and adolescents, European Spine Journal, vol.11, issue.2, pp.227-234, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-005-0013-8

P. Mangione and J. Senegas, Normal and pathologic sagittal balance of the spine and pelvis, Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur, vol.83, issue.1, pp.22-32, 1997.

M. Marks, C. Stanford, and P. Newtonl, Which lateral radiographic positioning technique provides the most reliable and functional representation of a patient's sagittal balance ? Spine, pp.949-954, 1976.

M. C. Marks, C. F. Stanford, A. T. Mahar, and P. O. Newton, Standing Lateral Radiographic Positioning Does Not Represent Customary Standing Balance, Spine, vol.28, issue.11, pp.281176-1182, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.BRS.0000067271.00258.51

T. Marnay, Equilibre du Rachis et du Bassin, chapitre Conferences d'Enseignement, pp.281-313, 1988.

C. Marty, B. Boisaubert, H. Descamps, J. P. Montigny, J. Hecquet et al., The sagittal anatomy of the sacrum among young adults, infants, and spondylolisthesis patients, European Spine Journal, vol.11, issue.2, pp.119-125, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-001-0349-7

D. Mitton, S. Deschênes, S. Laporte, B. Godbout, S. Bertrand et al., 3D reconstruction of the pelvis from bi-planar radiography, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol.212, issue.1, pp.1-5, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01206346

D. Mitton, R. Dumas, S. Laporte, P. Le-borgne, P. Bataille et al., Simplified calibration system for stereoradiography in scoliosis, Studies in health technology and informatics, vol.88, pp.144-148164, 2002.

D. Mitton, C. Landry, S. Veron, W. Skalli, F. Lavaste et al., 3D reconstruction method from biplanar radiography using non-stereocorresponding points and elastic deformable meshes, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, vol.9, issue.2, pp.133-139, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02344767

L. Nodé-langlois, Analyse tridimensionelle des déviations angulaires des axes du membre inférieur en pré, per et postopératoire, Thèse de doctorat, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 2003.

R. R. Pigge, F. J. Scheerder, T. H. Smit, M. G. Mullender, and B. J. Van-royen, Effectiveness of preoperative planning in the restoration of balance and view in ankylosing spondylitis, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.24, issue.1, p.7, 2008.
DOI : 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/1/E7

J. Pokorski, Analyse de la posture a l'aide d'une plateforme de force et de la reconstruction de radiographies bi-planaires eos, 2007.

P. S. Rose, K. H. Bridwell, L. G. Lenke, G. A. Cronen, D. S. Mulconrey et al., Role of Pelvic Incidence, Thoracic Kyphosis, and Patient Factors on Sagittal Plane Correction Following Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy, Spine, vol.34, issue.8, pp.34785-791, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819d0c86

M. Rousseau, S. Laporte, E. Chavary-bernier, J. Lazennec, and W. Skalli, Reproducibility of Measuring the Shape and Three-Dimensional Position of Cervical Vertebrae in Upright Position Using the EOS Stereoradiography System, Spine, vol.32, issue.23, pp.322569-2572, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318158cba2

P. Roussouly, S. Gollogly, E. Berthonnaud, and J. Dimnet, Classification of the Normal Variation in the Sagittal Alignment of the Human Lumbar Spine and Pelvis in the Standing Position, Spine, vol.30, issue.3, pp.346-353, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000152379.54463.65

P. Roussouly, S. Gollogly, E. Berthonnaud, H. Labelle, and M. Weidenbaum, Sagittal Alignment of the Spine and Pelvis in the Presence of L5???S1 Isthmic Lysis and Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis, Spine, vol.31, issue.21, pp.312484-2490, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000239155.37261.69

P. Roussouly, S. Gollogly, O. Noseda, E. Berthonnaud, and J. Dimnet, The Vertical Projection of the Sum of the Ground Reactive Forces of a Standing Patient Is Not the Same as the C7 Plumb Line, Spine, vol.31, issue.11, pp.31-320, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000218263.58642.ff

A. Sangole, C. Aubin, H. Labelle, L. Lenke, R. Jackson et al., Committee : The central hip vertical axis : a reference axis RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES for the scoliosis research society three-dimensional classification of idiopathic scoliosis, Spine, issue.12, pp.35-530, 1976.

F. Schwab, V. Lafage, J. Farcy, K. Bridwell, S. Glassman et al., Shainline : Surgical rates and operative outcome analysis in thoracolumbar and lumbar major adult scoliosis : Application of the new adult deformity classification, Spine, issue.24, pp.322723-2730, 1976.

F. Schwab, V. Lafage, R. Boyce, W. Skalli, and J. Farcy, Gravity Line Analysis in Adult Volunteers, Spine, vol.31, issue.25, pp.31-959, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000248126.96737.0f

F. Schwab, A. Patel, B. Ungar, J. Farcy, and V. Lafage, Adult spinal deformitypostoperative standing imbalance : how much can you tolerate ? an overview of key parameters in assessing alignment and planning corrective surgery, Spine, issue.25, pp.352224-2231, 1976.

A. Simon, Analyse des troubles de la posture à l'aide d'une plateforme de force, 2006.

W. Skalli, S. Champain, and T. Mosnier, Biomecanique du rachis éditeur : Alternatives a l'arthrodèse lombaire et lombosacree, pp.8-17, 2007.

W. Skalli, F. Lavaste, and J. L. , Descrimes : Quantification of three-dimensional vertebral rotations in scoliosis : what are the true values ? Spine, pp.546-553, 1976.

W. Skalli, R. D. Zeller, L. Miladi, G. Bourcereau, M. Savidan et al., Importance of Pelvic Compensation in Posture and Motion After Posterior Spinal Fusion Using CD Instrumentation for Idiopathic Scoliosis, Spine, vol.31, issue.12, pp.31-359, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000219402.01636.87

J. S. Smith, C. I. Bess, D. C. Shaffrey, R. A. Burton, R. Hart et al., Common mathematical formulas fail to predict postoperative sagittal alignment : Confirmation of a need for more advanced equations, 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, 2010.

M. N. Smith-petersen, C. B. Larson, and O. E. , Aufranc : Osteotomy of the spine for correction of flexion deformity in rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.66, pp.6-9, 1969.

P. Stagnara, J. C. Mauroy, G. Dran, G. P. Gonon, G. Costanzo et al., Reciprocal Angulation of Vertebral Bodies in a Sagittal Plane: Approach to References for the Evaluation of Kyphosis and Lordosis, Spine, vol.7, issue.4, pp.335-342166, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-198207000-00003

J. Steffen, P. Guerin, I. Obeid, J. Vital, O. Gille et al., Skalli : 3d analysis of balance in standing position, a variation from the srs 'free standing position

J. Steffen, L. Humbert, J. Dubousset, R. Vialle, and W. Skalli, Patient specific modelling of the spine affected with congenital malformations: a preliminary study, C. M. in Biomechanics et B. Engineering, éditeurs : 33e Congrès de la Societe de Biomecanique, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.11.014

J. Steffen, L. Humbert, R. Vialle, J. Vital, J. Dubousset et al., analysis of congenital scoliosis and hemivertebrae, 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, p.3, 2010.

J. Steffen, I. Obeid, N. Aurouer, O. Hauger, J. Vital et al., 3D postural balance with regard to gravity line: an evaluation in the transversal plane on 93 patients and 23 asymptomatic volunteers, European Spine Journal, vol.189, issue.5, pp.3-760, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-009-1249-5

J. Steffen, I. Obeid, J. Vital, J. Dubousset, and W. Skalli, Estimation of pelvic compensation and application to osteotomy planning, XXIIIrd Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, 2011.

J. Steffen, W. Skalli, J. Vital, O. Hauger, and J. , Dubousset et I. Obeid : Integrated spinal osteotomy planning using estimation of post-operative balance, 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, 2011.

J. Steffen, J. Vital, J. Dubousset, and W. Skalli, Reproducibility of 3d reconstruction from biplanar radiographs for severe scoliosis above 50°, 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, 2010.

J. Steffen, J. Vital, O. Hauger, J. Dubousset, and W. Skalli, Interest in assessing 3d postural balance with respect to gravity line, 44th annual Congress of the Scoliosis Research Society, 2009.

J. Steffen, J. Vital, O. Hauger, J. Dubousset, and W. Skalli, Interest in assessing 3d postural balance with respect to gravity line, 16th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques SRS : Scoliosis Research Society -Medical Education Resources, 2009.

J. Steffen, W. Skalli, J. Vital, O. Hauger, and J. , Dubousset et I. Obeid : Spinal osteotomy planning using estimation of post-operative balance, CAOS : International Society for Computed Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery, 2011.

I. A. Stokes, L. C. Bigalow, and M. S. Moreland, Measurement of Axial Rotation of Vertebrae in Scoliosis, Spine, vol.11, issue.3, pp.213-218167, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-198604000-00006

I. A. Stokes and M. Gardner-morse, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Harrington Distraction Instrumentation for Surgical Correction of Scoliosis, Spine, vol.18, issue.16, pp.2457-2464, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199312000-00015

I. A. Stokes, P. J. Ronchetti, and D. D. , Changes in Shape of the Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Curve After Surgical Correction, Spine, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1032-1039, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199405000-00005

F. Tanguay, J. Mac-thiong, J. A. De-guise, and H. Labelle, Relation between the sagittal pelvic and lumbar spine geometries following surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, European Spine Journal, vol.8, issue.4, pp.531-536, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-006-0238-1

A. Templier, Parametres et Methodes d'evaluation des implants rachidiens lombaires, Thèse de doctorat, Arts et Metiers ParisTech (ENSAM), 1998.

C. Travert, E. Jolivet, E. Sapin-de-brosses, D. Mitton, and W. Skalli, Sensitivity of subject specific vertebral finite element model from low dose imaging to material properties and loading conditions, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

B. J. Van-royen, F. J. Scheerder, E. Jansen, and T. H. Smit, ASKyphoplan: a program for deformity planning in ankylosing spondylitis, European Spine Journal, vol.77, issue.9, pp.1445-1449, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-007-0371-5

G. Vaz, P. Roussouly, E. Berthonnaud, and J. Dimnet, Sagittal morphology and equilibrium of pelvis and spine, European Spine Journal, vol.11, issue.1, pp.80-87, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s005860000224

R. Vedantam, L. G. Lenke, K. H. Bridwell, D. L. Linville, and K. Blanke, The Effect of Variation in Arm Position on Sagittal Spinal Alignment, Spine, vol.25, issue.17, pp.252204-2209, 1976.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200009010-00011

R. Vialle, N. Levassor, L. Rillardon, A. Templier, W. Skalli et al., Radiographic Analysis of the Sagittal Alignment and Balance of the Spine in Asymptomatic Subjects, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.87, issue.2, pp.260-267, 2005.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.D.02043

D. Vidal, equilibre sagittal : relations entre les variables morphologiques et posturales de la tête, du rachis, du bassin et des femurs, 2006.

J. Vital, J. Gonzalez, I. Obeid, O. Gille, W. Skalli et al., Calculo pre operatorio en osteotomias lumbares, XI Congreso Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna, SILACO, Buenos Aeres, 2011.

J. M. Vital and J. Senegas, Etude du centre de gravit?? de la t??te. Application ?? l'appr??ciation des contraintes subies par le rachis cervical dans le plan sagittal, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.25, issue.3, pp.169-173168, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02427845

J. Vital, O. Gille, and M. Coquet, D??formations rachidiennes??: anatomopathologie et histoenzymologie, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.4, pp.263-264, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.09.021

J. Vital, O. Gille, and N. , ??quilibre sagittal et applications cliniques, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.2, pp.120-128, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.09.020

J. Vital, T. Schaeverbeke, and O. Gille, Ost??oporose et troubles de l?????quilibre sagittal, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.4, pp.286-289, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.12.003

J. Vital, T. Schaeverbeke, and O. Gille, Spondylarthropathies et ??quilibre sagittal, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.71, issue.4, pp.297-300, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rhum.2003.09.024

J. Vital, J. Steffen, O. Gille, I. Obeid, N. Aurouer et al., EOS : équilibre sagittal et équilibre compensé, 83e Congrès annuel de la SOFCOT -Journée des spécialités (SFCR), 2008.

S. A. Voutsinas and G. D. , MacEwen : Sagittal profiles of the spine, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, issue.210, pp.235-242, 1986.

D. Winter, Human balance and posture control during standing and walking, Gait & Posture, vol.3, issue.4, pp.193-214, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9