I. 1-introduction and .. , 18 I.2 -Généralités sur l'endommagement 18 I.3 -Endommagement par collisions balistiques. 19 I.3.1 -Pouvoir d'arrêt nucléaire

.. Endommagement-par-excitations-Électroniques, 21 I.4.1 -Pouvoir d'arrêt électronique. 21 I.4.2 -Création de défauts par excitations électroniques. 22 I.4.2.a -Cas général. 22 I.4.2.b -Création de défauts par fortes excitations électroniques dans les métaux. 22 I.4.2.c -Création de défauts par fortes excitations électroniques : cas du titane et du zirconium. 23 I.5 -Pouvoirs d'arrêt et taux de pulvérisation : cas du titane et du zirconium sous irradiation aux ions d'argon, 24 I.5.2 -Estimation du taux de pulvérisation avec le code SRIM-2011, p.25

.. Oxydation-sous-irradiation-aux-ions and G. Au, 33 I.6.2.a -Cas du zirconium sous irradiation aux fragments de fission à l'ILL. 33 I.6.2.b -Cas du zirconium sous irradiation aux ions xénon, 34 I.6.2.c -Cas du zirconium sous irradiation aux ions d'argon à l'IPNL, p.35

I. 1-introduction, .. Ti, and 4. , 62 III.2 -Description de la technique XPS et d'analyse en profondeur 62 III.2.1 -Principe de l 62 III.2.2 -Limite de détection en profondeur 68 III.3.1 -Energie de liaison du titane à l'état métallique, p.72

.. Détermination-de-la-vitesse-de-décapage, 89 III.5.4 -Détermination de l'épaisseur des oxydes de titane formés sous irradiation et de l'épaisseur de l'oxyde natif, p.89

I. Chapitre, Propriétés optiques et l'épaisseur optique des oxydes de titane formés sous irradiation : une étude par Ellipsométrie Spectroscopique

I. 1-introduction and .. , 96 IV.2 -Généralités sur la technique d'Ellipsométrie, ., p.100

E. Spectroscopique and .. , 101 IV.3.1 -Principe de modélisation, IV.3 -Principe et outils de modélisation en, p.109

E. Et-de-zirconium-au and L. , 112 IV.4.2 -Expériences d'oxydation -irradiation à l'argon du titane et du zirconium à l -Expériences d'irradiation à l'argon sous vide secondaire du titane pré, p.113

L. Au, 4 -Caractérisation par Ellipsométrie Spectroscopique, IV, vol.4, p.114

V. 1-introduction, .. Et, and N. , 142 V.2 -Description des techniques RBS, p.143

N. La and N. La, 145 V.2.2.a -Principe de, p.145

V. -. Chapitre, Endommagement superficiel du titane et du zirconium sous irradiation à l

V. 1-introduction and .. , 158 VI.2 -Conditions expérimentales 159 VI.3 -Etat de surface du titane après oxydation -irradiation à l'argon : Analyse d'images par AFM 159 VI.3.1 -Effet de l'énergie du projectile d'argon vis-à-vis de la cratérisation 160 VI.3.1.a -Observation d'une cratérisation superficielle et transition de morphologie de surface, -Oxydation du titane sous irradiation à l'argon : statistiques et tailles des grains d'oxyde, p.164

.. La-cratérisation and .. Jannus-epiméthée, 166 VI.3.3 -Effet de l'état de surface vis-à-vis de la cratérisation, 167 VI.3.3.b -Irradiation du titane poli sous faisceau d'ions Ar 6+ de 15 MeV à JANNuS

. La-pointe-du-levier-se-présente-sous-la-forme-d, une pyramide à trois facettes dont le rayon de courbure au sommet est inférieur à 7 nm (d'après le fournisseur Nanosensors TM ) Nous avons choisi le mode contact intermittent ('tapping') pour balayer la surface des échantillons. Le nombre de points de mesure est de 512 x 512 dans notre étude. Nous avons enregistré des images dont les dimensions latérales sont les suivantes : 1 x 1 µm 2 et 100 x 100 µm 2 . La résolution latérale minimale de l'image est donc de l'ordre de 2 nm

L. Figure and I. , 1 montre deux images AFM à l'échelle de 10 x 10 µm 2 de l'état de surface typique des échantillons de titane préparés selon cette procédure à ~ 10°C (Figure IV.1a) et à la température ambiante (Figure IV.1b). L'usage de la suspension OP-S refroidie a donc été définitivement adopté. Dans ce cas, la surface ne présente aucune morphologie particulière

. Aujourd-'hui, la production de cratères en surface du titane et du zirconium est prouvée dans le domaine du MeV dans différentes conditions d'oxydation. Il serait cependant intéressant de pouvoir répondre aux nombreuses questions suivantes : 1. Cratérisation d'une surface de titane métallique irradiée sous ultra-vide dans le même domaine d'énergie ? 2. Spécificité du titane vis-à-vis de la sensibilité à la cratérisation dans ce domaine d'énergie ? 3

. Enfin, oxydation sous irradiation du titane et du zirconium en travaillant avec des feuilles minces, mais pas trop minces de façon à ne pas se priver d'un état de surface poli miroir, ce qui permettrait d'étudier la cratérisation sur les deux faces de la feuille en

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