L. Modélisation-du-cas-et-du-scénario, identification de ce cas nécessite de disposer d'informations concernant le type du navire et les conditions météorologiques mais surtout de connaître les navires à proximité. Pour cela une requête spatiale de type touches a été implémentée. Celle-ci prend comme paramètre la géométrie des deux entités ainsi qu'un rayon de recherche qui étend la distance de calcul. La règle SWRL correspondante est alors la suivante : Vessel(?vesselA), Vessel(?vesselB), DP_Vessel_hasPosition(?vesselA, ?positionA), touches(?positionA, ?positionA, 10) -> OP_Alert_IsToCloseFrom(?vesselA

B. Enfin, . Que-cela-ne-soit-encore, and . Qu, une hypothèse, la création d'un outil visuel pour la gestion des connaissances apparaît comme particulièrement intéressante. Celui-ci permettrait la création des scénarios et des règles et cela sans qu

A. Aamodt, A knowledge-intensive, integrated approach to problem solving and sustained learning, 1991.

A. Aamodt, Knowledge-Intensive Case-Based Reasoning in CREEK, Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, pp.1-15, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-28631-8_1

N. Abadie and S. Mustière, Constitution et exploitation d'une taxonomie g??ographique ?? partir des sp??cifications de bases de donn??es, Revue internationale de g??omatique, vol.20, issue.2, pp.145-174, 2010.
DOI : 10.3166/rig.20.145-174

A. Assali and A. , Acquisition des connaissances d'adaptation et traitement de l'hétérogénéité dans un système de RàPC basé sur une ontologie (Thèse), 2010.

P. Agarwal, Ontological considerations in GIScience, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, vol.15, issue.5, pp.501-536, 2005.
DOI : 10.1207/s15516709cog1104_2

J. F. Allen, Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals, Communications of the ACM, vol.26, issue.11, pp.832-843, 1983.
DOI : 10.1145/182.358434

H. Alt, The Computational Geometry of Comparing Shapes, Efficient Algorithms, pp.235-248, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02187910

J. R. Anderson and G. H. Bower, Human Associative Memory, 1980.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324259.003.0003

N. Andrienko and G. Andrienko, Designing Visual Analytics Methods for Massive Collections of Movement Data, Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, vol.42, issue.2, pp.117-138, 2007.
DOI : 10.3138/carto.42.2.117

G. Antoniou, F. Harmelen, and . Van, Web Ontology Language: OWL, Handbook on Ontologies, pp.67-92, 2004.

N. Ashish and A. Sheth, Geospatial Semantics and the Semantic Web: Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications, p.176, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-9446-2

F. Baader, The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511711787

F. Baader, D. Calvanese, D. L. Mcguinness, D. Nardi, and P. F. Patel-schneider, Relationships with other Formalisms, in: The Description Logic Handbook, 2007.

F. Baader and W. Nutt, Basic Description Logics, pp.47-100, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511711787.004

F. Baader and W. Nuut, Basic Description Logics, pp.47-100, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511711787.004

B. Bachimont, Engagement Sémantique et Engagement Ontologique : Conception et Réalisation D'ontologies En Ingénierie Des Connaissances, in: Ingénierie Des Connaissances Évolutions Récentes Et Nouveaux Défis, p.505, 2000.

M. Baglioni, J. Macedo, C. Renso, and M. Wachowicz, An Ontology-Based Approach for the Semantic Modelling and Reasoning on Trajectories, Advances in Conceptual Modeling ? Challenges and Opportunities, pp.344-353, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-87991-6_41

M. Baglioni, M. V. Masserotti, C. Renso, and L. Spinsanti, Improving Geodatabase Semantic Querying Exploiting Ontologies, pp.16-33, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-87473-7_24

URL : http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC63722

P. Balbiani and P. Muller, Le raisonnement spatial, in: Le temps, l'espace et l'évolutif en Sciences du Traitement de l'Information, pp.33-53, 2000.

A. Baneyx, Construire une onthologie de la pneumologie : aspects théoriques, modèles et expérimentations, 2007.

P. Baumann, Raster Databases, Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB '07. VLDB Endowment, pp.1428-1428, 2007.
DOI : 10.4018/978-1-59140-560-3.ch086

S. Bechhofer, Ontology Language Standardisation Efforts ( No. Deliverable 4.0), 2002.

S. Bechhofer, R. Möller, and P. Crowther, The DIG Description Logic Interface, Proceedings of DL2003. Presented at the International Workshop on Description Logics, 2003.

S. Bechhofer, R. Volz, and P. Lord, Cooking the Semantic Web with the OWL API, pp.659-675, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39718-2_42

Y. Bédard, S. Larrivée, M. Proulx, and M. Nadeau, Modeling Geospatial Databases with Plug-Ins for Visual Languages: A Pragmatic Approach and the Impacts of 16 Years of Research and Experimentations on Perceptory, in: Conceptual Modeling for Advanced Application Domains, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.17-30, 2004.

T. Berners-lee, W3C Issues Recommendation for Resource Description Framework (RDF), Introduces model for defining and organizing information, 1999.

T. Berners-lee and M. Fischetti, Weaving the Web : the original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. HarperSanFrancisco, 1999.

F. Bertrand, A. Bouju, C. Claramunt, T. Devogele, and C. Ray, Web Architecture for Monitoring and Visualizing Mobile Objects in Maritime Contexts, Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, pp.94-105, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-76925-5_7

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00361071

R. J. Brachman, What's in a concept: structural foundations for semantic networks, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol.9, issue.2, pp.127-152, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7373(77)80017-5

R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque, Knowledge representation and reasoning, 2004.

S. Brakatsoulas, D. Pfoser, and N. Tryfona, Modeling, storing and mining moving object databases, Proceedings. International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium, 2004. IDEAS '04., pp.68-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/IDEAS.2004.1319779

C. Brax, A. Karlsson, S. F. Andler, R. Johansson, and L. Niklasson, Evaluating precise and imprecise state-based anomaly detectors for maritime surveillance. Information Fusion FUSION, pp.13-14, 2010.

D. Brickley and R. V. Guha, RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema (W3C Recommendation 10, 2004.

J. Brodeur, Geosemantic Interoperability and the Geospatial Semantic Web, pp.291-310, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-72680-7_15

O. Carloni, Introduction de raisonnement dans un outil industriel de gestion des connaissances (Thèse), 2008.

R. Casati and A. C. Varzi, Holes and Other Superficialities, 1995.

S. Chakhar, Cartographie décisionnelle multicritère : formalisation et implémentation informatique, 2006.

V. Chandola, A. Banerjee, and V. Kumar, Anomaly detection, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.41, issue.3, pp.1-58, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1541880.1541882

X. Chaze, A. Bouejla, and F. Guarnieri, The Contribution of Bayesian Networks to Manage Risks of Maritime Piracy against Oil Offshore Fields, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-29023-7_9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734351

C. Claramunt, T. Devogele, S. Fournier, V. Noyon, M. Petit et al., Maritime GIS: From Monitoring to Simulation Systems, in: Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems, pp.34-44, 2007.

B. L. Clarke, A calculus of individuals based on ``connection''., Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, vol.22, issue.3, pp.204-219, 1981.
DOI : 10.1305/ndjfl/1093883455

E. Clementini and P. Di-felice, A comparison of methods for representing topological relationships, Information Sciences - Applications, vol.3, issue.3, pp.149-178, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/1069-0115(94)00033-X

E. Clementini and R. Laurini, Un cadre conceptuel pour modéliser les relations spatiales. Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information RNTI-E-14, pp.1-17, 2008.

A. Cohn and J. Renz, Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning, in: Handbook of Knowledge Representation, pp.551-596, 2008.

A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika, Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview, 2001.

A. Collins and R. Quillian, Retrieval time from semantic memory, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, vol.8, issue.2, pp.240-247, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1

O. Corcho, Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. Where is their meeting point?, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.46, issue.1, pp.41-64, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-023X(02)00195-7

O. Corcho and A. Gómez-pérez, A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages, pp.80-96, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-39967-4_7

A. Cordier, B. Fuchs, J. Lieber, and A. Mille, Acquisition interactive des connaissances d'adaptation intégrée aux sessions de raisonnement à partir de cas -Principes, architecture IakA et prototype KayaK, pp.71-84, 2007.

G. Cotteret, Extraction d'éléments curvilignes guidée par des mécanismes attentionnels pour des images de télédétection (Thèse), 2005.

M. Aquin, J. Lieber, and A. Napoli, Case-Based Reasoning Within Semantic Web Technologies, Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications, pp.190-200, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00112090

D. Nicola, A. Missikoff, M. Navigli, and R. , A software engineering approach to ontology building, Information Systems, vol.34, issue.2, pp.258-275, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.is.2008.07.002

H. Dee and S. Velastin, How close are we to solving the problem of automated visual surveillance? Machine Vision and Applications 19, pp.329-343, 2008.

T. Devogele, Système d'information géographique temporelle maritime; Des distances linéaires à l'analyse temps réel des trajectoires, 2009.

D. Miron and A. , Découverte d'associations sémantiques pour le Web Sémantique Géospatial le framework ONTOAST (Thèse), 2009.

B. Díaz-agudo and P. A. González-calero, CBROnto: A Task/Method Ontology for CBR, Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, pp.101-105, 2002.

B. Díaz-agudo, P. A. González-calero, J. A. Recio-garcía, and A. A. Sánchez-ruiz-granados, Building CBR systems with jcolibri, Science of Computer Programming, vol.69, issue.1-3, pp.68-75, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scico.2007.02.004

M. Donnelly and . Smith, Layers: A New Approach to Locating Objects in Space, Spatial Information Theory. Foundations of Geographic Information Science, pp.46-60, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_4

D. Douglas and T. Peucker, Algorithms for the Reduction of the Number of Points Required to Represent a Digitized Line or its Caricature, Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, vol.10, issue.2, pp.112-122, 1973.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470669488.ch2

M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark, Categorizing binary topological relations between regions, lines, and points in geographic databases ( No. Report 94-1). National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, 1994.

M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark, Naive Geography. Presented at the COSIT'95, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.1-15, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-60392-1_1

M. J. Egenhofer, D. M. Mark, and J. Herring, The 9-Intersection: Formalism And Its Use For Natural-Language Spatial Predicates ( No. Report 94-1). National Center for geographic Information and Analysis, 1994.

J. Ekman and A. Holst, Incremental Stream Clustering and Anomaly Detection ( No. T2008:1) SICS, 2008.

L. Etienne, Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels, 2011.

L. Etienne, T. Devogele, and A. Bouju, Spatio-temporal trajectory analysis of mobile objects following the same itinerary, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00495484

A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, and J. Rice, The Ontolingua Server: a tool for collaborative ontology construction, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.46, issue.6, pp.707-727, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0121

D. Fensel, Relating Ontology Languages and Web Standards, 2000.

M. Fernández-lópez, A. Gomez, and N. Juristo, METHONTOLOGY: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering, pp.33-40, 1997.

M. Fernández-lópez and A. Gómez-pérez, Overview and analysis of methodologies for building ontologies, The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol.17, issue.02, pp.129-156, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S0269888902000462

F. T. Fonseca and M. J. Egenhofer, Ontology-driven geographic information systems, Proceedings of the seventh ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems , GIS '99, pp.14-19, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/320134.320137

F. T. Fonseca, M. J. Egenhofer, P. Agouris, and G. Camara, Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems, Transactions in GIS, vol.6, issue.3, pp.231-257, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9671.00109

L. Forlizzi, R. H. Güting, E. Nardelli, and M. Schneider, A data model and data structures for moving objects databases, Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp.319-330, 2000.

P. Fournier-viger, Un modèle de représentation des connaissances à trois niveaux de sémantique pour les systèmes tutoriels intelligents, 2005.

M. Fréchet, Sur L'Ecart de Deux Courbes et Sur Les Courbes Limites, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol.6, issue.4, pp.435-449, 1905.
DOI : 10.2307/1986474

R. Garcia-castro, S. Grimm, M. Schneider, I. Toma, A. Marte et al., Semantic Evaluation at Large Scale ( No. SEALS, Results of the first evaluation of ontology engineering tools, 2010.

J. H. Gennari, M. A. Musen, R. W. Fergerson, W. E. Grosso, M. Crubézy et al., The evolution of Prot??g??: an environment for knowledge-based systems development, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.58, issue.1, pp.89-123, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1071-5819(02)00127-1

J. Gensel, Représentation de connaissances par objets pour la modélisation et l'adaptation d'informations multi-médias spatio-temporelles, 2006.

F. Giannotti, M. Nanni, D. Pedreschi, C. Renso, and R. Trasarti, Mining Mobility Behavior from Trajectory Data, 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, pp.948-951, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/CSE.2009.542

M. Giritli, Who Can Connect in RCC?, KI 2003: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, pp.565-579, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39451-8_41

A. Gómez-pérez, Ontological Engineering: A State Of The Art. Expert Update: Knowledge Based Systems and, Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol.2, pp.33-43, 1999.

A. Gómez-pérez, M. Fernández-lópez, and O. Corcho, Ontological engineering: with examples from the areas of knowledge management, e-commerce and the Semantic Web, 2004.

N. M. Gotts, An Axiomatic Approach to Topology For Spatial Information Systems ( No. 96.25), 1996.

B. C. Grau, I. Horrocks, B. Motik, B. Parsia, P. Patel-schneider et al., OWL 2: The next step for OWL, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, vol.6, issue.4, pp.309-322, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.websem.2008.05.001

P. Grenon and . Smith, SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology, Spatial Cognition & Computation, vol.47, issue.1, pp.69-104, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/0029-4624.00151

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.465.829

P. Grenon, . Smith, and L. Goldberg, Biodynamic Ontology: Applying BFO in the Biomedical Domain, in: Stud, Health Technol. Inform, pp.20-38, 2004.

T. R. Gruber, A translation approach to portable ontology specifications, Knowledge Acquisition, vol.5, issue.2, pp.199-220, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/knac.1993.1008

T. R. Gruber, Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing?, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.43, issue.5-6, pp.907-928, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1995.1081

R. Grütter and B. Bauer-messmer, Towards Spatial Reasoning in the Semantic Web: A Hybrid Knowledge Representation System Architecture, The European Information Society, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-72385-1_21

R. Grütter, T. Scharrenbach, and B. Bauer-messmer, Improving an RCC-Derived Geospatial Approximation by OWL Axioms The Semantic Web -ISWC, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.293-306, 2008.

N. Guarino, Formal Ontology and Information Systems, Proceedings of FOIS'98, pp.3-15, 1998.

N. Guarino and P. Giaretta, Ontologies and Knowledge Bases: Towards a Terminological Clarification. Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing, pp.25-32, 1995.

M. Guerriero, P. Willett, S. Coraluppi, and C. Carthel, Radar/AIS data fusion and SAR tasking for Maritime Surveillance, in: Information Fusion, 11th International Conference On, pp.1-5, 2008.

G. Guizzardi, On Ontology, ontologies, Conceptualizations, Modeling Languages. AND (META)MODELS, FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS, DATABASES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IV, 2007.

R. H. Güting, V. T. Almeida, and Z. Ding, Modeling and querying moving objects in networks, The VLDB Journal, vol.9, issue.1, pp.165-190, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00778-005-0152-x

R. H. Güting, M. H. Böhlen, M. Erwig, C. S. Jensen, N. A. Lorentzos et al., A foundation for representing and querying moving objects, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol.25, issue.1, pp.1-42, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/352958.352963

V. Haarslev, C. Lutz, and R. Möller, Foundations of Spatioterminological Reasoning with Description Logics, Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'98, pp.112-123, 1998.

F. Hausdorff, Dimension und ???u???eres Ma???, Mathematische Annalen, vol.122, issue.1-2, pp.157-179, 1918.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01457179

J. Henß, J. Kleb, S. Grimm, and J. Bock, A Database Backend for OWL, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, 2009.

M. Hepp, Ontologies: State of the Art, Business Potential, and Grand Challenges, Ontology Management, pp.3-22, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-69900-4_1

M. Hepp, P. D. Leenheer, A. Moor, and . De, Ontology management: semantic web, semantic web services, and business applications, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-69900-4

N. Hernandez, Ontologies de domaine pour la modélisation de contexte en recherche d'information, 2005.

J. R. Hobbs and F. Pan, An ontology of time for the semantic web, ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, vol.3, issue.1, pp.66-85, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1017068.1017073

V. J. Hodge and J. Austin, A Survey of Outlier Detection Methodologies, Artificial Intelligence Review, vol.22, issue.2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:AIRE.0000045502.10941.a9

K. Hornsby and M. J. Egenhofer, Modeling Moving Objects over Multiple Granularities, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, vol.36, issue.1/2, pp.177-194, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015812206586

M. Horridge and S. Bechhofer, The OWL API: A Java API for OWL ontologies, Semantic Web, vol.2, pp.11-21, 2011.

I. Horrocks, The FaCT System, Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods (TABLEAUX'98), Volume 1397 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp.307-312, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-69778-0_30

W. Hu, X. Xiao, Z. Fu, D. Xie, T. Tan et al., A system for learning statistical motion patterns. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol.28, pp.1450-1464, 2006.

U. Hustadt, B. Motik, and U. Sattler, Reducing SHIQ ? Description Logic to Disjunctive Datalog Programs, pp.152-162, 2004.

U. Hustadt, B. Motik, and U. Sattler, Reasoning in Description Logics by a Reduction to Disjunctive Datalog, Journal of Automated Reasoning, vol.2, issue.3, pp.351-384, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10817-007-9080-3

B. Idiri and A. Napoli, Découverte de règles d'association pour l'aide à la prévision des accidents maritimes, 2012.

F. Jangal, J. Georgé, A. Bonnot, M. Giraud, M. Morel et al., Toward a complete system for surveillance of the whole EEZ: ScanMaris and associated projects, in: OCEANS 2009, MTS/IEEE Biloxi -Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, MTS/IEEE Biloxi -Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, pp.1-4, 2009.

F. Jangal, M. Giraud, A. Littaye, M. Morel, J. Mano et al., Extraction of Suspicious Behavior of Vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone, International Symposium on Antennas Et Propagation. Presented at the ISAP'08 -International Symposium on Antennas et Propagation, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00614274

F. Johansson and G. Falkman, Detection of vessel anomalies - a Bayesian network approach, 2007 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information, pp.395-400, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSNIP.2007.4496876

A. Karmacharya, Intégration d'une couche spatiale dans l´architecture du Web Sémantique: Une proposition via la plateforme ArchaeoKM, 2011.

A. Karmacharya, C. Cruz, F. Boochs, and F. Marzani, Integration of Spatial Processing and Knowledge Processing Through the Semantic Web Stack, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on GeoSpatial Semantics, GeoS'11, pp.200-216, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-15387-7_61

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00625080

Y. Katz and B. C. Grau, Representing Qualitative Spatial Information in OWL-DL, in: OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop, 2005.

L. Kaufman and P. J. Rousseeuw, Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470316801

A. K. Keita, Conception coopérative d'ontologies pré-consensuelles, 2007.

R. Khondoker and P. Mueller, Comparing Ontology Development Tools Based on an Online Survey, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering. Presented at the World Congress on Engineering, 2010.

H. Knublauch, R. W. Fergerson, N. F. Noy, and M. A. Musen, The Prot??g?? OWL Plugin: An Open Development Environment for Semantic Web Applications, pp.229-243, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-30475-3_17

M. M. Kokar, C. J. Matheus, and K. Baclawski, Ontology-based situation awareness, Information Fusion, vol.10, issue.1, pp.83-98, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.01.004

K. Kotis, A. Papasalouros, and N. Nikitakos, Supporting Decision Making in Maritime Environmental Protection with a Knowledge-based Education and Awareness Approach, Proceedings of the Workshops of the 5th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications & Innovations (AIAI-2009), CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Presented at the AIAI Workshops'09, Nick Bassiliades, pp.280-290, 2009.

Y. Kou and C. Lu, Spatial Weighted Outlier Detection, Proceedings of SIAM Conference on Data Mining, 2006.
DOI : 10.1137/1.9781611972764.71

S. Kristiansen, Maritime Transportation: Safety Management And Risk Analysis, 2004.

W. Kuhn, Ontologies in support of activities in geographical space, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, vol.43, issue.7, pp.613-631, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0035136

W. Kuhn, Geospatial Semantics: Why, of What, and How?, Journal on Data Semantics III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.587-587, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11496168_1

Y. Kurata and M. J. Egenhofer, The 9 +-Intersection for Topological Relations between a Directed Line Segment and a Region, in: BMI'07, 2007.

L. Lamontagne and G. Lapalme, Raisonnement ?? base de cas textuels Etat de l'art et perspectives, Revue d'intelligence artificielle, vol.16, issue.3, pp.339-366, 2002.
DOI : 10.3166/ria.16.339-366

S. Larrivée and Y. Bédard, Représentation multiple et généralisation avec UML et l'outil Perceptory. Hermes, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Généralisation et représentation multiples, pp.113-129, 2002.

Y. Larvor, Notions de méréogéométrie: description qualitative de propriétés géométriques du mouvement et de la forme d'objets tridimensionnels, 2004.

O. Lassila and R. R. Swick, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification, 1999.

R. Laurini, Pre-consensus Ontologies and Urban Databases, pp.27-36, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-71976-2_3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01502738

R. Laxhammar, Anomaly detection in trajectory data for surveillance applications (Phd), 2011.

J. Lieber, Contributions à la conception de systèmes de raisonnement à partir de cas, 2008.

J. Lieber, M. D-'aquin, S. Brachais, and A. Napoli, Une étude comparative de quelques travaux sur l'acquisition de connaissances d'adaptation pour le raisonnement à partir de cas, 2004.

A. Maedche and S. Staab, Ontology learning for the Semantic Web, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.16, issue.2, pp.72-79, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/5254.920602

J. Malki, W. Mefteh, and A. Bouju, Une approche ontologique pour la mod??lisation et le raisonnement sur les trajectoires. Prise en compte des r??gles m??tiers, spatiales et temporelles, Techniques et sciences informatiques, vol.31, issue.1, pp.157-168, 2009.
DOI : 10.3166/tsi.31.71-96

D. Mark, M. Egenhofer, L. Bian, P. Rogerson, and J. Vena, Spatio-temporal GIS analysis for environmental health using geospatial lifelines, 2nd International Workshop on Geography and Medicine. Presented at the GEOMED'99, 1999.

E. Martineau and J. Roy, Maritime Anomaly Detection: Domain Introduction and Review of Selected Literature ( No. DRDC-VALCARTIER-TM-2010-460), 2011.

B. Mcbride, Jena: Implementing the RDF Model and Syntax Specification, 2001.

J. Medalia, Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers, 2004.

M. Mefteh, A. Bouju, and J. Malki, Une approche ontologique pour la structuration de donn??es spatio-temporelles de trajectoires. Application ?? l?????tude des d??placements de mammif??res marins, Revue internationale de g??omatique, vol.22, issue.1, pp.55-75, 2012.
DOI : 10.3166/rig.22.55-75

L. Michoux, SPATIONAV : Pierre angulaire de la protection et de la sauvegarde maritime. REE. Revue de l'électricité et de l, pp.81-84, 2007.

A. Mille, B. Fuchs, and O. Herbeaux, A unifying framework for Adaptation in Case-Based Reasoning, Workshop on Adaptation in Case-Based Reasoning, 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp.1996-2018, 1996.

M. Minsky, A FRAMEWORK FOR REPRESENTING KNOWLEDGE, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-1-4832-1446-7.50018-2

R. B. Mishra and S. Kumar, Semantic web reasoners and languages, Artificial Intelligence Review, vol.3, issue.1, pp.339-368, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10462-010-9197-3

R. Mizoguchi, Part 1: Introduction to ontological engineering, New Generation Computing, vol.43, issue.5???6, pp.365-384, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03037311

R. Mizoguchi and J. Bourdeau, Using Ontological Engineering to Overcome Common AI-ED Problems, Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, pp.107-121, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190087

T. Mondary, Construction d'ontologies à partir de textes. L'apport de l'analyse de concepts formels, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596825

M. Morel and S. Claisse, Système d'Information et de Surveillance MARtime pour l'identification des comportements Suspects, 2010.

M. Morel and S. Claisse, Integrated, System for Interoperable sensors & Information sources for Common abnormal vessel behaviour detection & Collaborative identification of threat (I2C), Proc. of the Ocean and Coastal Observation: Sensors and Observing Systems, Numerical Models and Information Systems, 2010.

B. T. Morris and M. M. Trivedi, A Survey of Vision-Based Trajectory Learning and Analysis for Surveillance, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp.1114-1127, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TCSVT.2008.927109

C. Mouza, . Du, and P. Rigaux, Mobility Patterns, GeoInformatica, vol.11, issue.4, pp.297-319, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10707-005-4574-9

A. Napoli, Une introduction aux logiques de descriptions, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00073375

V. Nguyen, Ontologies and Information Systems: A Literature Survey ( No. DSTO-TN- 1002). Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2011.

I. Niles and A. Pease, Towards a standard upper ontology, Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems , FOIS '01, pp.2-9, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/505168.505170

M. Nilsson, J. Van-laere, T. Ziemke, and J. Edlund, Extracting rules from expert operators to support situation awareness in maritime surveillance, 11th International Conference on Information Fusion. Presented at the 2008 11th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp.1-8, 2008.

M. Noucher, La donnée géographique aux frontières des organisations: approche sociocognitive et systémique de son appropriation, 2009.

V. Noyon, Modèle de vue relative et spatio-temporelle de trajectoires géographiques d'objets mobiles, 2007.

V. Noyon, C. Claramunt, and T. Devogele, A Relative Representation of Trajectories in Geogaphical Spaces, GeoInformatica, vol.25, issue.2, pp.479-496, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10707-007-0023-2

V. Noyon and T. Devogele, Système distribué de gestion d'objets mobiles, Actes Des Journées Des 7ième Journées Cassini. MSH Alpes, pp.7-12, 2004.

C. Parent, S. Spaccapietra, and E. Zimanyi, Conceptual modeling for traditional and spatiotemporal applications: the MADS approach, 2006.

A. Patcha and J. Park, An overview of anomaly detection techniques: Existing solutions and latest technological trends, Computer Networks, vol.51, issue.12, pp.3448-3470, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.comnet.2007.02.001

A. Pease, I. Niles, and J. Li, The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology: A Large Ontology for the Semantic Web and its Applications, Working Notes of the AAAI-2002 Workshop on Ontologies and the Semantic Web, 2002.

N. Pelekis, I. Kopanakis, E. E. Kotsifakos, E. Frentzos, and Y. Theodoridis, Clustering Trajectories of Moving Objects in an Uncertain World, 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, pp.417-427, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDM.2009.57

N. Pelekis, Y. Theodoridis, S. Vosinakis, and T. Panayiotopoulos, Hermes ??? A Framework for Location-Based Data Management, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advances in Database Technology. Presented at the EDBT'06, pp.1130-1134, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11687238_75

C. Piciarelli and G. L. Foresti, On-line trajectory clustering for anomalous events detection, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.27, issue.15, pp.1835-1842, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patrec.2006.02.004

P. Sistla, A. Wolfson, O. Chamberlain, S. Dao, and S. , Modeling and querying moving objects, in: Data Engineering, Proceedings. 13th International Conference On, pp.422-432, 1997.

V. Psyché, Rôle des ontologies en ingénierie des EIAH : cas d'un système d, 2007.

R. Rada, H. Mili, E. Bicknell, and M. Blettner, Development and application of a metric on semantic nets, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol.19, issue.1, pp.17-30, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/21.24528

D. A. Randell and A. G. Cohn, Modelling Topological and Metrical Properties in Physical Processes, Proceedings 1st International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pp.55-66, 1989.

D. A. Randell, Z. Cui, and A. G. Cohn, A Spatial Logic based on Regions and Connection, 3RD International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pp.165-176, 1992.

J. A. Recio-garcía, B. Díaz-agudo, P. A. González-calero, A. A. Sanchez-ruiz, and D. S. Informáticos, Ontology based CBR with jCOLIBRI, Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XIV, pp.149-162, 2006.

J. A. Recio-garcía, B. Díaz-agudo, A. A. Sanchez-ruiz, and P. A. González-calero, Lessons Learnt in the Development of a CBR Framework, Proccedings of the 11th UK Workshop on Case Based Reasoning, pp.60-71, 2006.

T. Redmond, An Open Source Database Backend for the OWL API and Protege 4, in: OWL: Experiences and Directions, 2010.

J. Renz, Qualitative Spatial Reasoning With Topological Information, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-70736-0

P. Resnik, Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in a taxonomy, Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence -Volume 1, IJCAI'95, pp.448-453, 1995.

J. Ressler, M. Dean, E. Benson, E. Dorner, and C. Morris, Application of Ontology Translation, Proceedings of the 6th International The Semantic Web and 2nd Asian Conference on Asian Semantic Web Conference, ISWC'07/ASWC'07, pp.830-842, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-76298-0_60

B. J. Rhodes, N. A. Bomberger, and M. Zandipour, Probabilistic associative learning of vessel motion patterns at multiple spatial scales for maritime situation awareness, 2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp.1-8, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408127

B. Ristic, L. Scala, B. Morelande, M. Gordon, and N. , Statistical Analysis of Motion Patterns in AIS Data : Anomaly Detection and Motion Prediction, The 11th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp.40-46, 2008.

M. Riveiro, G. Falkman, and T. Ziemke, Improving maritime anomaly detection and situation awareness through interactive visualization, in: Information Fusion, 11th International Conference On, pp.1-8, 2008.

M. Rodríguez and M. Egenhofer, Putting Similarity Assessments into Context: Matching Functions with the User's Intended Operations, in: Modeling and Using Context, pp.310-323, 1999.

M. A. Rodríguez and M. J. Egenhofer, Determining semantic similarity among entity classes from different ontologies, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol.15, issue.2, pp.442-456, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/TKDE.2003.1185844

C. Roussey, R. Laurini, C. Beaulieu, Y. Tardy, and M. Zimmerman, Le projet Towntology. Un retour d'exp??rience pour la construction d'une ontologie urbaine, Revue internationale de g??omatique, vol.14, issue.2, pp.217-237, 2004.
DOI : 10.3166/rig.14.217-237

J. Roy, Anomaly detection in the maritime domain, Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security IV, pp.69450-69450, 2008.
DOI : 10.1117/12.776230

J. Roy, A. Auger, and V. Drdc, Knowledge and ontological engineering techniques for use in developing knowledge-based situation analysis support systems, 2008.

J. Roy and M. Davenport, Exploitation of maritime domain ontologies for anomaly detection and threat analysis, 2010 International WaterSide Security Conference, pp.1-8, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/WSSC.2010.5730278

M. Salehi, Developing a Model and a Language to Identify and Specify the Integrity Constraints in Spatial Datacubes, 2009.

S. Salvador, P. Chan, and J. Brodie, Learning States and Rules for Time Series Anomaly Detection, Artificial Intelligence, vol.23, pp.241-255, 2004.

T. Sboui and Y. Bedard, A Systematic Approach for Managing the Risk Related to Semantic Interoperability between Geospatial Datacubes, International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems, vol.1, issue.2, pp.20-41, 2010.
DOI : 10.4018/jaeis.2010070102

T. Sboui, Y. Bedard, and S. Rivest, Une approche basée sur la qualité pour faciliter l'intégration de modèles de cubes de données spatiales. Revue internationale des nouvelles technologies de l'information (RNTI) -Fouille de Données Complexes RTNI-E-18, pp.51-87, 2009.

R. C. Schank, Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People, 1983.

R. C. Schank and R. P. Abelson, SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-1-4832-1446-7.50019-4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00692030

N. Seco, T. Veale, and J. Hayes, An Intrinsic Information Content Metric for Semantic Similarity in WordNet, ECAI'2004, the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2004.

S. Shekhar, C. Lu, and P. Zhang, Detecting graph-based spatial outliers, Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining , KDD '01, pp.371-376, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/502512.502567

H. A. Simon, The New Science of Management Decision, 1977.
DOI : 10.1037/13978-000

E. Sirin, B. Parsia, B. C. Grau, A. Kalyanpur, and Y. Katz, Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, vol.5, issue.2, pp.51-53, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.websem.2007.03.004

B. Smith, Mereotopology: A theory of parts and boundaries, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.20, issue.3, pp.287-303, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-023X(96)00015-8

B. Smith and D. M. Mark, Do Mountains Exist? Towards an Ontology of Landforms, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol.4, issue.1, pp.411-427, 2003.
DOI : 10.1068/b12821

X. Song, M. Wu, C. Jermaine, and S. Ranka, Conditional Anomaly Detection, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol.19, issue.5, pp.631-645, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TKDE.2007.1009

J. F. Sowa, Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations, 1999.

S. Spaccapietra, C. Parent, M. L. Damiani, J. A. De-macedo, F. Porto et al., A conceptual view on trajectories, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.65, issue.1, pp.126-146, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.datak.2007.10.008

S. Staab, R. Studer, H. Schnurr, and Y. Sure, Knowledge processes and ontologies. Intelligent Systems, pp.26-34, 2001.

M. Stocker and E. Sirin, PelletSpatial: A Hybrid RCC-8 and RDF / OWL Reasoning and Query Engine, 2009.

C. Strobl, Dimensionally Extended Nine-Intersection Model (DE-9IM). Shekhar, 2008.

R. Studer, V. R. Benjamins, and D. Fensel, Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.25, issue.1-2, pp.161-197, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-023X(97)00056-6

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.41.1007

D. Tsarkov and I. Horrocks, FaCT++ Description Logic Reasoner: System Description, Proceedings of the International Joint Confererence on Automated Reasoning, pp.292-297, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11814771_26

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.2672

M. Uschold and M. Gruninger, Ontologies: principles, methods and applications, The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol.11, issue.02, pp.93-136, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/S0269888900007797

M. Uschold and M. King, Towards a Methodology for Building Ontologies, in: In Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, 1995.

W. R. Van-hage, V. Malaisé, G. De-vries, G. Schreiber, and M. Van-someren, Combining ship trajectories and semantics with the simple event model (SEM), Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Events in multimedia, EiMM '09, p.73, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1631024.1631039

G. Van-heijst, A. Schreiber, and B. Wielinga, Using explicit ontologies in KBS development, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.46, issue.2-3, pp.183-292, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0090

J. Van-laere and M. Nilsson, Evaluation of a workshop to capture knowledge from subject matter experts in maritime surveillance, 12th International Conference on Information Fusion Presented at the 12th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp.171-178, 2009.

A. Vandecasteele and A. Napoli, Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour, OCEANS 2012 Proceddings. Presented at the OCEANS 2012, p.7, 2012.

A. Vandecasteele and A. Napoli, Enhancement of Ontology with Spatial Reasoning Capabilities to Support Maritime Anomaly Detection, in: SOSE 2012, 2012.

M. Varet-pietri, L'ingénierie de la connaissance: la nouvelle épistémologie appliquée, 2000.

A. C. Varzi, Spatial Reasoning and Ontology: Parts, Wholes, and Locations. Handbook of Spatial Logics, pp.945-1038, 2007.

M. Wessel, V. Haarslev, and R. Moller, Visual Spatial Query Languages: A Semantics Using Description Logic, Diagrammatic Representation and Reasoning, 2000.

C. M. Willems, Visualization of Vessel Traffic, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4614-6230-9_5

O. Wolfson, P. Sistla, B. Xu, J. Zhou, and S. Chamberlain, DOMINO: Databases fOr MovINg Objects tracking, ACM SIGMOD, pp.547-549, 1999.

O. Wolfson, B. Xu, S. Chamberlain, and L. Jiang, Moving objects databases: issues and solutions, Proceedings. Tenth International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (Cat. No.98TB100243), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/SSDM.1998.688116

Z. Wu and M. Palmer, Verbs semantics and lexical selection, Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics -, pp.133-138, 1994.
DOI : 10.3115/981732.981751

Z. Yan, Towards Semantic Trajectory Data Analysis: A Conceptual and Computational Approach, PhD Workshop. Presented at the VLDB2009, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, p.3, 2009.

Z. Yan, Semantic trajectories, ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, vol.4, issue.3, 2011.
DOI : 10.1145/2483669.2483682

Y. Zheng and X. Zhou, Computing with Spatial Trajectories, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4614-1629-6