P. Bertaux, Note technique fertilisation " urophylla x grandis " . Synthèse des résultats disponibles et éléments de décision. Note interne ECO sa, Pointe-Noire, 2001.

J. W. Biggar and D. R. Et-nielsen, Spatial variability of the leaching characteristics of a field soil, Water Resources Research, vol.7, issue.84, pp.78-84, 1976.
DOI : 10.1029/WR012i001p00078

R. J. Bijay-singh and D. C. Whitehead, Denitrification potential and actual rates of denitrification in soils under long-term grassland and arable cropping, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.21, issue.7, pp.897-901, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(89)90078-3

D. Binkley, K. A. Dunkin, D. Debell, and M. G. Ryan, Production and nutrient cycling in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and Albizia in Hawaii, For. Sci, vol.38, pp.393-408, 1992.

D. Binkley, A. M. O-'connell, and K. V. Sankaran, Stand development and productivity. Management of soil, nutrients and water in tropical plantations forests, ACIAR Monograph N°, vol.43, pp.419-442, 1997.

D. Binkley, C. Giardina, and M. A. Bashkin, Soil phosphorus pools and supply under the influence of Eucalyptus saligna and nitrogen-fixing Albizia facaltaria, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.128, issue.3, pp.241-247, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00138-3

M. Bonneau, E. Dambrine, C. Nys, and J. Ranger, Apports acides et cycles des cations dans les pessières du Nord-Est. Intérêt de bilans saisonniers, Sciences du sol, vol.29, issue.2, pp.125-145, 1991.

J. P. Bouillet, M. Arnaud, J. P. Laclau, and A. Thongo, Changes with age in the spatial localization of roots of an Eucalyptus clone in the Congo, 2000.

J. P. Bouillet, R. Safou-matondo, and J. D. Nzila, Site classification of commercial eucalypt plantation in the Congo. Use of layers depth and microelements deficiencies as productivity indices. Actes du congrès 'managing forest soils for sustainable productivity, pp.18-22, 2000.

J. P. Bouillet, J. D. Nzila, J. P. Laclau, and J. Ranger, Slash management effects on tree growth and nutrient cycling in young Eucalyptus replanted sites in the Congo. Actes du workshop 'Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests, pp.11-14, 2001.

J. P. Bouillet, J. P. Laclau, M. Arnaud, and A. Thongo, Changes with age in the spatial localization of roots of an Eucalyptus clone in the Congo, 2001.

J. P. Bouillet, R. Safou-matondo, J. P. Laclau, and J. Ranger, Changes in N-P-K fertilisation over successives rotations in Eucalypt plantations in the Congo. Actes du congrès IUFRO 'Developing the eucalypt of the future, pp.11-15, 2001.

F. Bourlière and M. Hadley, Present-day savannas: an overview. Ecosystems of the world. 13. Tropical savannas, Bourlière, pp.1-17, 1983.

J. M. Bouvet, Analyse des tests clonaux d'eucalyptus hybrides. Réflexions sur la méthodologie de sélection, Mémoire de DEA ' Ressources génétiques et amélioration des plantes ', INA PG, pp.32-73, 1991.

J. M. Bouvet, Evolution de la variabilité avec l'âge et corrélation juvénile-adulte dans des populations d'eucalyptus ? 236p, Th : INA PG, vol.1, 1995.

J. M. Bouvet, Les plantations d'eucalyptus. Evolutions récentes et perspectives, Le Flamboyant, vol.49, pp.4-14, 1999.

F. Bourlière and M. Et-hadley, Present-day savannas : an overview. Eds Bourlière F., Ecosystems of the world 13, Tropical savannas, pp.1-17, 1983.

N. Bréda and A. Et-granier, Intra- and interannual variations of transpiration, leaf area index and radial growth of a sessile oak stand (Quercus petraea), Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.53, issue.2-3, pp.521-536, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19960232

A. G. Brown, E. K. Nambiar, and C. Cossalter, Plantations in the tropics ?their role, extent and nature. In : Management of soil, nutrient and water in tropical plantations forests, Eds E.K.S. Nambiar et A.G. Brown, ACIAR Monograph No, vol.43, pp.1-19, 1999.

H. Cachier, C. Liousse, P. Buat-menard, and A. Gaudichet, Particulate content of savanna fire emissions, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.222, issue.1-2, pp.123-148, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00708185

F. Cailliez, Forest volume estimation and yield prediction, Etude FAO : Forêts, 1980.

E. Campinhos, Sustainable plantations of high-yield Eucalyptus trees for production of fiber: the Aracruz case, pp.129-143, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_11

M. G. Cannell, Physiological basis of wood production: A review, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.4, issue.1, pp.459-490, 1989.
DOI : 10.1080/02827588909382582

J. C. Carlyle, Organic carbon in forested sandy soils : properties, processes, and the impact of forest management, New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, vol.23, issue.3, pp.390-402, 1993.

V. Casenave, Les états de surface de la zone sahélienne. Influence sur l'infiltration. Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989.

J. César, La production biologique des savanes de Côte d'Ivoire et son utilisation par l'homme, CIRAD-Emvt, 1992.

Y. Cohen, E. Adar, A. Dody, and G. Schiller, Underground water use by Eucalyptus trees in an arid climate, Trees, vol.11, issue.6, pp.356-362, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00009679

D. W. Cole and H. Et-van-miegroet, Chronosequences : a technique to assess ecosystem dynamics. Research strategies for long-term site productivity, Proceedings IAE/BE A3 Workshop, pp.5-24, 1988.

G. D. Cook, The fate of nutrients during fires in a tropical savanna, Austral Ecology, vol.15, issue.4, pp.359-365, 1994.
DOI : 10.1071/AR9630319

C. Cossalter, P. Vigneron, and M. I. Brooker, Eucalyptus d'Australie. Habitats naturels et dynamique d'évolution. Le Flamboyant, pp.15-20, 1999.

N. R. Cortez, Compartimentos e ciclos de nutrientes em plantações de Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Ssp. Globulus e Pinus pinaster Aiton ? 317p. Th : Agronomie : Lisboa, 1996.

R. H. Crockford, D. P. Richardson, and R. Sageman, Chemistry of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in a eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 2. Throughfall, Throughfall. Hydrological Processes, pp.13-24, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199601)10:1<13::AID-HYP296>3.0.CO;2-5

R. H. Crockford and D. P. Et-richardson, Litterfall, litter and associated chemistry in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 1. Litterfall and litter, Hydrological Processes, vol.2, issue.3, pp.365-384, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19980315)12:3<365::AID-HYP588>3.0.CO;2-0

R. H. Crockford and D. P. Et-richardson, Litterfall, litter and associated chemistry in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 2. Nutrient recycling by litter, throughfall and stemflow, Hydrological Processes, vol.29, issue.3, pp.385-400, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19980315)12:3<385::AID-HYP589>3.0.CO;2-W

R. N. Cromer, Silviculture of Eucalypt plantations in Australia In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.259-273, 1996.

P. Dadet, Notice explicative de la carte géologique de la république populaire du Congo (1/500 000) (de latitude 2°S à 5°S) Mémoire No, 1969.

E. Dambrine, L. Goaster, S. Ranger, and J. , Croissance et nutrition minérale d'un peuplement d'épicéa sur sol pauvre. II Prélèvement racinaire et translocation d'éléments minéraux au cours de la croissance, Acta Oecologica, issue.6, pp.12-791, 1991.

E. Dambrine, J. A. Vega, T. Taboada, L. Rodriguez, C. Fernandez et al., Bilans d'???l???ments min???raux dans de petits bassins versants forestiers de Galice (NW Espagne), Annals of Forest Science, vol.57, issue.1, pp.23-38, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2000102

G. Damman, Etude et modèlisation du fonctionnement hydrique de plantations d'eucalyptus au Congo. DAA 'Physique des surfaces naturelles et génie hydrologique, ENSA Rennes, vol.45, 2001.

T. S. David, M. I. Ferreira, J. S. David, and J. S. Pereira, Transpiration from a mature Eucalyptus globulus plantation in Portugal during a spring-summer period of progressively higher water deficit, Oecologia, vol.110, issue.2, pp.153-159, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00008812

C. I. Davidson and Y. Wu, Dry Deposition of Particles and Vapors, Advances in Environmental Sciences, Acid Precipitation: Sources, Depositions and Canopy interactions, pp.104-216, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-4454-7_5

R. Delmas, On the emission of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in the atmosphere during bushfires in intertropical savannah zones, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.2, issue.7, pp.761-764, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/GL009i007p00761

R. Delmas and A. Et-djouka, Etude des apports atmosphériques de chlore aux sols en Basse Côte d'Ivoire, Oléagineux, vol.38, issue.7, pp.429-437, 1983.

R. Delmas and J. Et-servant, ??changes biosph??re-atmosph??re d'azote et de soufre en zone intertropicale: Transferts entre les ??cosyst??mes for??t et savane en Afrique de l'ouest, Atmospheric Research, vol.21, issue.1, pp.53-74, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8095(87)90017-2

R. Delmas, J. P. Lacaux, J. C. Menaut, L. Abbadie, L. Roux et al., Nitrogen compound emission from biomass burning in tropical African savanna FOS/DECAFE 1991 experiment (Lamto, Ivory Coast), Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.8, issue.1-2, pp.175-193, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00708188

J. C. Delwaulle, Plantations clonales au Congo. Point des recherches sur le choix des clones dix ans après les premières plantations. Actes du congrès IUFRO ' Amélioration génétique des arbres tropicaux, 1988.

A. Deprès and D. Et-normandin, Les services d'environnement fournis par la forêt : évaluation et régulation. Cahiers d'économie et sociologie rurales, pp.61-91, 1996.

D. Vries, W. Van-grinsven, J. J. Van-breemen, N. Leeters, E. E. Jansen et al., Impacts of acid deposition on concentrations and fluxes of solutes in acid sandy forest soils in the Netherlands, Geoderma, vol.67, issue.1-2, pp.17-43, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(94)00056-G

D. Vries, W. Reinds, G. J. Deelstra, H. D. Klap, J. M. Vel et al., Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems in Europe, EC, vol.160, 1999.

S. H. Doerr, R. A. Shakesby, and R. P. Walsh, SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL HYDROPHOBICITY IN FIRE-PRONE EUCALYPTUS AND PINE FORESTS, PORTUGAL, Soil Science, vol.163, issue.4, pp.313-324, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-199804000-00006

G. P. Draaijers and J. W. Et-erisman, A canopy budget model to assess atmospheric deposition from throughfall measurements, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.73, issue.4, pp.2253-2258, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01186169

C. T. Driscoll, G. E. Likens, L. O. Hedin, J. S. Eaton, and F. H. Bormann, Changes in the chemistry of surface waters, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.137-142, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/es00179a001

P. Duchaufour and M. Bonneau, Une nouvelle méthode de dosage du phosphore assimilable dans les sols forestiers, Bull. AFES, vol.4, pp.193-198, 1959.

M. Ducousso and R. Et-safou-matondo, Principales caractéristiques des champignons ectomycorhiziens récoltés dans les plantations forestières industrielles de la région de Pointe-Noire, Congo, 2000.

P. Duvigneaud, La synthèse écologique : populations, communautés, écosystèmes, biosphères, noosphères, 1985.

W. J. Dyck and D. W. Et-cole, Strategies for Determining Consequences of Harvesting and Associated Practices on Long-Term Productivity, pp.13-40, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-1270-3_2

P. J. Dye, Climate, forest and streamflow relationships in South African afforested catchments, Commonwealth Forestry Review, vol.75, issue.1, pp.31-38, 1996.

T. S. Fredericksen and S. M. Et-zedaker, Fine root biomass, distribution, and production in young pine-hardwood stands, pp.99-110, 1995.

R. Freydier, Chimie des précipitations en Afrique intertropicale : cations et anions majeurs, éléments traces et acides organiques ? 198p. Th : Physico-chimie de l'atmosphère, 1997.

D. C. Garcia-montiel and D. Binkley, Effect of Eucalyptus saligna and Albizia falcataria on soil processes and nitrogen supply in Hawaii, Oecologia, vol.113, issue.4, pp.547-556, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050408

C. T. Garten, E. A. Bondietti, and R. D. Lomax, Contribution of foliar leaching and dry deposition to sulfate in net throughfall below deciduous trees, Atmospheric Environment (1967), vol.22, issue.7, pp.22-1425, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90167-9

J. Gérard, Contraintes de croissances, variations internes de densité et de module d'élasticité longitudinal, et déformation de sciage chez les eucalyptus de plantation ? 160p, Th : Sciences du bois, 1994.

J. L. Gonçalves, N. F. Barros, E. K. Nambiar, and R. F. Novais, Soil and stand management for short-rotation plantations. In : Management of soil, nutrients and water in tropical plantations forests, ACIAR Monograph N°, vol.43, pp.379-417, 1997.

J. L. Gonçalves and B. Et-du-toit, Nitrogen fixing species in mixed plantations with Eucalyptus species. A proposal In : Proceedings 4 th workshop CIFOR network 'Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests, pp.9-12, 2001.

W. S. Gordon and R. B. Et-jackson, NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN FINE ROOTS, Ecology, vol.81, issue.1, pp.275-280, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/1942492

URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3297302

J. C. Grace and H. A. Madgwick, Sampling procedures for estimating forest biomass in the Puruki watershed, New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, vol.17, issue.23, pp.272-282, 1987.

L. Grandeau, Cours d'agriculture de l'école forestière. I-Nutrition de la plante, Imprimé Bergé-Levrault, vol.624, 1879.

A. Granier, N. Bréda, P. Biron, and S. Villette, A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands, Ecological Modelling, vol.116, issue.2-3, pp.269-283, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00205-1

T. S. Grove, B. D. Thomson, and N. Malajczuk, Nutritional physiology of eucalypts : uptake, distribution and utilization. In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.77-108, 1996.

B. L. Haines, J. B. Waide, and R. L. Todd, Soil Solution Nutrient Concentrations Sampled with Tension and Zero-Tension Lysimeters: Report of Discrepancies1, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.46, issue.3, pp.658-661, 1982.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600030042x

O. Hamel and J. P. Et-laclau, Création d'une filière bois-énergie à Pointe-Noire. Ou comment utiliser les résidus d'exploitation en provenance des plantations industrielles d'eucalyptus du Congo, pp.47-58, 1996.

K. Hansen, Throughfall and canopy interactions in spruce forest. Forskningsserien, 8, Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, p.145, 1994.

J. M. Harmand, Rôle des espèces ligneuses à croissance rapide dans le fonctionnement biogéochimique de la jachère. Effets sur la restauration de la fertilité des sols ferrugineux tropicaux, Bassin de la Bénoué au Nord Cameroun) ? 213p. Th : Biologie et écologie végétales tropicales : Paris 6, 1998.

H. S. Helmisaari, Nutrient retranslocation within the foliage of Pinus sylvestris, Tree Physiology, vol.10, issue.1, pp.45-58, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/10.1.45

R. L. Hendrick and K. S. Et-pregitzer, Temporal and Depth-Related Patterns of Fine Root Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests, The Journal of Ecology, vol.84, issue.2, pp.167-176, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2261352

J. J. Hendricks, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. D. Aber, Assessing the role of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling. Tree, pp.174-178, 1993.

E. Henry, Les sols forestiers, Editions Bergé-Levrault, vol.429, 1908.

M. A. Herbert, Fertilizers and eucalypt plantations in South Africa In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.303-325, 1996.

. Hermeline, Essai écartement Marynen 81-29. Mensurations à 41 mois. Document interne CTFT-Congo, 1985.

R. Herrera, T. Merida, N. Stark, and C. F. Jordan, Direct phosphorus transfer from leaf litter to roots, Naturwissenschaften, vol.20, issue.21, pp.208-209, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00450594

R. Jamet, Etude pédologique d'une zone témoin dans la région de Loango. Orstom, Côte MC 143, 1967.

R. Jamet, Evolution des principales caractéristiques des sols des reboisements de Pointe-Noire. ORSTOM, Cote MC 189, 1975.

J. M. Jemison and R. H. Fox, ESTIMATION OF ZERO-TENSION PAN LYSIMETER COLLECTION EFFICIENCY, Soil Science, vol.154, issue.2, pp.85-94, 1992.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-199208000-00001

D. W. Johnson and D. W. Et-cole, Anion mobility in soils: Relevance to nutrient transport from forest ecosystems, Environment International, vol.3, issue.1, pp.79-80, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0160-4120(80)90040-9

T. S. Judd, Simulated nutrient losses due to timber harvesting in highly productive eucalypt forests and plantations. In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.249-258, 1996.

T. S. Judd, P. M. Attiwill, and M. A. Adams, Nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus : a synthesis in relation to differences between taxa, sites and components. In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.123-153, 1996.

C. Juste, Appréciation de la mobilité et de la biodisponibilité des éléments traces du sol, Sciences du Sol, vol.26, issue.2, pp.103-112, 1988.

H. Keith, Nutrient cycling in eucalypt ecosystems In Eucalypt ecology, Individuals to ecosystems, pp.197-226, 1997.

P. K. Khanna, Nutrient cycling under mixed-species tree systems in southeast Asia, Agroforestry Systems, vol.38, pp.99-120, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-9008-2_4

J. P. Kimmins, Identifying Key Processes Affecting Long-Term Site Productivity, pp.119-150, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-1270-3_5

L. Mer, J. Et-roger, and P. , N 2 fixation assessment in soil and litter samples from Congolese savanna and eucalypt plantations under various managements Effect of exotic tree plantations on plant diversity and biological soil fertility in Congo savanna: a reference to eucalypts, 2001.

R. Li, J. J. Volenec, B. C. Joern, and S. M. Cunningham, Seasonal Changes in Nonstructural Carbohydrates, Protein, and Macronutrients in Roots of Alfalfa, Red Clover, Sweetclover, and Birdsfoot Trefoil, Crop Science, vol.36, issue.3, pp.617-623, 1996.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600030016x

W. P. Lima, R. M. Scardua, and A. V. Masetto, The hydrology of a small catchment covered with 50-year-old eucalyptus plantation in the Itatinga forest experimental station, State of São Paulo, Scientia Forestalis, vol.50, pp.11-19, 1996.

S. E. Lindberg and G. M. Lovett, Field measurements of particle dry deposition rates to foliage and inert surfaces in a forest canopy, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.19, issue.3, pp.238-244, 1985.
DOI : 10.1021/es00133a003

S. E. Lindberg, G. M. Lovett, D. D. Richter, and D. W. Johnson, Atmospheric Deposition and Canopy Interactions of Major Ions in a Forest, Science, vol.231, issue.4734, pp.141-145, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.231.4734.141

S. Louahlia, J. H. Macduff, A. Ourry, M. Humphreys, and J. Boucaud, Nitrogen reserve status affects the dynamics of nitrogen remobilization and mineral nitrogen uptake during recovery of contrasting cultivars of Lolium perenne from defoliation, New Phytologist, vol.142, issue.3, pp.451-462, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00419.x

P. M. Loubana and G. Et-reversat, Invertebrate soil microfauna : nematodes Effect of exotic tree plantations on plant diversity and biological soil fertility in Congo savanna: a reference to eucalypts, CIFOR Occasional Paper, 2001.

E. Loubelo, Etude comparative de quelques éléments du fonctionnement de deux peuplements d'eucalyptus au Congo ? 150p, Th : Sciences biologiques : Rennes 1, 1990.

J. J. Loumeto, Contribution à l'étude de la distribution minérale dans les eucalyptus du Congo ? 134p, Th : Ecologie : Rennes 1, 1986.

J. J. Loumeto and F. Et-bernhard-reversat, La biodiversité dans les plantations d'arbres à croissance rapide au Congo, Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, vol.253, issue.3, pp.57-61, 1997.

J. J. Loumeto and C. Huttel, Understory vegetation in fast-growing tree plantations on savanna soils in Congo, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.99, issue.1-2, pp.65-81, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00195-3

J. J. Loumeto and J. P. Et-laclau, Organic matter and nutrients in seasonal and annual litterfall, IRD/UR2PI/CIFOR Agreement Report I Scientific part, IRD, 1999.

J. J. Loumeto and F. Et-bernhard-reversat, Soil organic matter Effect of exotic tree plantations on plant diversity and biological soil fertility in Congo savanna: a reference to eucalypts, CIFOR Occasional Paper, 2001.

G. M. Lovett and S. E. Lindberg, Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of nitrogen in forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.23, issue.8, pp.1603-1616, 1993.
DOI : 10.1139/x93-200

F. M. Mabounou, Accroissement saisonnier des principaux compartiments des arbres d'un peuplement adulte d'Eucalyptus PF1, Mémoire IDR, vol.52, 2000.

J. Magid and N. Et-christensen, Soil Solution Sampled with and without Tension in Arable and Heathland Soils, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.57, issue.6, pp.1463-1469, 1993.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700060011x

J. S. Maini and O. Et-ullsten, Conservation and sustainable development of forests globally : issues and opportunities. In : World forests for the future. Their use and conservation, Eds Ramakrisha K. et Woodwell G, pp.111-119, 1993.

A. Mäkelä, J. Landsberg, A. R. Ek, T. E. Burk, M. Ter-mikaelian et al., Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation, Tree Physiology, vol.20, issue.5-6, pp.289-298, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/20.5-6.289

C. Malvos and J. Et-ranger, Mission d'appui à l'unité d'Afforestation Industrielle du Congo. Note interne CTFT, p.85, 1983.

B. Manderscheid and E. Et-matzner, Spatial heterogeneity of soil solution chemistry in a mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.11, issue.2, pp.1185-1190, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00477142

F. Maraux, Modélisation mécaniste et fonctionnelle du bilan hydrique des cultures, Le cas des sols volcaniques du Nicaragua. ? 268p. Th : Biologie et écologie végétales tropicales, 1994.

H. Marschner, Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 1995.

R. Marques, Dynamique du fonctionnement minéral d'une plantation de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb, p.240, 1996.

R. Marques, J. Ranger, D. Gelhaye, B. Pollier, Q. Ponette et al., Comparison of chemical composition of soil solutions collected by zero-tension plate lysimeters with those from ceramic-cup lysimeters in a forest soil, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.54, issue.3, pp.47-407, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1698996

R. Marques and J. Et-ranger, Nutrient dynamics in a chronosequence of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands on the Beaujolais Mounts (France). 1: Qualitative approach, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.91, issue.2-3, pp.255-277, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03855-8

R. Marques, J. Ranger, S. Villette, and A. Granier, Nutrient dynamics in a chronosequence of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands on the Beaujolais Mounts (France). 2-Quantitative approach. Forest Ecology and Management, pp.167-197, 1997.

I. M. Mboukou-kimbatsa, F. Bernhard-reversat, and J. J. Loumeto, Change in soil macrofauna and vegetation when fast-growing trees are planted on savanna soils, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.110, issue.1-3, pp.1-12, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00273-4

M. J. Mclaughin, Phosphorus in australian forest soils In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.1-30, 1996.

S. B. Mclaughlin and R. Wimmer, Tansley Review No. 104. Calcium physiology and terrestrial ecosystem processes, New Phytologist, vol.142, issue.3, pp.373-417, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00420.x

D. J. Mead and C. M. Et-preston, Distribution and retranslocation of 15N in lodegepole pine stand. 2. The patterns of transfer and the effects of nitrogen availability, Forestry, vol.59, pp.1-16, 1994.

J. C. Menaut, The vegetation of african savannas. Ecosystems of the world. 13. Tropical savannas, Bourlière, pp.109-149, 1983.

P. Millard and M. F. Et-proe, Storage and internal cycling of nitrogen in relation to seasonal growth of Sitka spruce, Tree Physiology, vol.10, issue.1, pp.33-43, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/10.1.33

H. G. Miller, J. M. Cooper, J. D. Miller, and O. J. Pauline, Nutrient cycles in pine and their adaptation to poor soils, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.9, issue.1, pp.19-26, 1979.
DOI : 10.1139/x79-004

H. G. Miller, Nutrient cycles in forest plantations, their change with age and the consequence for fertilizer practice, Proceedings of the ' Australian Forest Nutrition Workshop ' : Productivity in Perpetuity, pp.10-14, 1981.

H. G. Miller, Deposition-Plant-Soil Interactions [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.305, issue.1124, pp.339-352, 1984.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1984.0062

H. G. Miller, The influence of stand development on nutrient demand, growth and allocation. Plant and soil, pp.168-169, 1995.

R. Misra, Indian savannas In : Ecosystems of the world -13 -Tropical savannas, pp.151-166, 1983.

A. I. Modi, J. P. Lacaux, L. Labroue, and J. R. Baudet, Chimie des aérosols et des pluies dans la savane semi-aride du Niger pendant la saison humide 1989, pp.331-335, 1995.

E. J. Morais, N. F. Barros, R. F. Novais, and R. M. Brandi, Biomassa e eficiência nutricional de espécies de eucalipto em duas regioes bioclimaticas de Minas Gerais, Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, vol.14, pp.353-362, 1990.

W. Mouvondy, Comparaison de l'évapotranspiration réelle d'une savane et d'une plantation d'eucalyptus obtenue par la méthode de l'équation de Penman-Monteith, de l'équation du bilan hydrique et par la méthode du rapport de Bowen, 2000.

J. Nizinski and B. Et-saugier, A model of transpiration and soil-water balance for a mature oak forest, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.47, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(89)90082-8

J. Nizinski, D. Morand, and C. Fournier, Actual evapotranspiration of a thorn scrub with Acacia tortilis and Balanites aegyptiaca (North Senegal) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.93-111, 1994.

J. Nzila, Caractérisation des sols du Congo et problèmes d'aménagement des sols, Fascicule de cours, vol.70, 1996.

J. D. Nzila, J. P. Bouillet, and O. Hamel, Effects of litter and soil preparation on the fertility of sandy soils under Eucalyptus repantation in the Congo, Actes du '16 éme Congrès Mondial de Sciences du Sol', pp.20-26, 1998.

J. D. Nzila, J. P. Bouillet, J. P. Laclau, and J. Ranger, Slash management effects on tree growth and nutrient cycling in young Eucalyptus replanted sites in the Congo. Actes du congrès 'managing forest soils for sustainable productivity, pp.18-22, 2000.

J. D. Nzila, Caractérisation minéralogique des sols ferrallitiques sableux sous plantation d'Eucalyptus et sous savane naturelle de la région de Pointe-Noire (Congo) Rapport interne UR2PI, 2001.

J. D. Nzila, J. P. Bouillet, J. P. Laclau, and J. Ranger, Changes in nitrogen mineralization over successive rotations in clonal Eucalyptus plantations in Congo. Actes du congrès 'Developing the eucalypt of the future, pp.11-15, 2001.

J. D. Nzila, J. P. Bouillet, J. P. Laclau, and J. Ranger, The effect of slash management on nutrient cycling and tree growth in Eucalypt plantations in the Congo, Forest Ecology and Management, 2001.

O. Connell, A. M. Et-grove, and T. S. , Biomass production, nutrient uptake and nutrient cycling in the Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forests of South-Western Australia, pp.155-189, 1996.

D. Orange, J. Y. Gac, J. L. Probst, and D. Tanre, Mesure du dépôt au sol de particules désertiques. Une méthode simple de prélèvement : le capteur 'pyramidal', C. R. Acad. Sci, pp.167-172, 1990.

A. Ourry, J. Bigot, and J. Boucaud, Protein Mobilization from Stubble and Roots, and Proteolytic Activities during Post-clipping Re-growth of Perennial Ryegrass, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.134, issue.3, pp.298-303, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0176-1617(89)80246-9

G. Page, Some effects of conifer crops on soil properties, Common. For. Rev, vol.47, pp.52-62, 1968.

. Pandey, Hardwood plantations in the tropics and subtropics. Tropical forest plantations area 1995, Rapport interne FAO, vol.76, 1997.

G. G. Parker, Throughfall and Stemflow in the Forest Nutrient Cycle, Adv. Ecol. Res, vol.13, pp.57-120, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60108-7

B. R. Parresol, Assessing tree and stand biomass : a review with exemples and critical comparisons, Forest Science, vol.45, issue.4, pp.573-593, 1999.

J. A. Parrotta, Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single- and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.124, issue.1, pp.45-77, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00049-3

A. P. Pereira, M. A. Graça, and M. Molles, Leaf litter decomposition in relation to litter physico-chemical properties, fungal biomass, arthropod colonization, and geographical origin of plant species, Pedobiologia, vol.42, pp.316-327, 1998.

P. J. Polglase and P. M. Et-attiwill, Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in relation to stand age of Ecucalyptus regnans F. Muell, Plant and Soil, vol.41, issue.2, pp.157-166, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00010962

Q. Ponette, E. Ulrich, A. Brethes, M. Bonneau, and M. Lanier, Chimie des sols dans les 102 peuplements du réseau, 1997.

M. E. Poore and C. Fries, Les effets écologiques des eucalyptus, Etude FAO Forêts N°, vol.59, issue.118, 1986.

R. F. Powers and I. K. Et-morrison, Soil and Sustainable Forest Productivity: A Preamble, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.60, issue.6, p.1613, 1996.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060003x

F. W. Prinsloo and D. F. Scott, Streamflow responses to the clearing of alien invasive trees from riparian zones at three sites in the Western Cape Province, The Southern African Forestry Journal, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1999.
DOI : 10.1080/10295925.1999.9631220

M. F. Proe, H. M. Rauscher, and J. Yarie, Computer Simulation Models and Expert Systems for Predicting Productivity Decline, pp.151-186, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-1270-3_6

R. Radulovich and P. Et-sollins, Improved Performance of Zero-Tension Lysimeters1, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.51, issue.5, pp.1386-1388, 1987.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050054x

R. J. Raison, P. K. Khanna, and P. V. Woods, Mechanisms of element transfer to the atmosphere during vegetation fires, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.15, issue.1, pp.132-140, 1985.
DOI : 10.1139/x85-022

J. Ranger and M. Et-bonneau, Effets pr??visibles de l'intensification de la production et des r??coltes sur la fertilit?? des sols de for??t. Le cycle biologique en for??t, Revue Foresti??re Fran??aise, vol.2, issue.2, pp.93-111, 1984.
DOI : 10.4267/2042/21722

J. Ranger, C. Barneoud, and C. Nys, Production ligneuse et rétention d'éléments nutritifs par des taillis à courte rotation de peuplier ' Rochester ' : effet de la densité d'ensouchement, Acta Oecologica, Oecol. Plant, vol.9, issue.3, pp.245-269, 1988.

J. Ranger, G. Cuirin, J. Bouchon, M. Colin-belgrand, D. Gelhaye et al., Biomasse et minéralomasse d'une plantation d'Epicéa commun (Picea abies Karst.) de forte production dans les Vosges (France) Annales des sciences forestières, pp.651-668, 1992.

J. Ranger, D. Discours, M. D. Ahamed, C. Moares, E. Dambrine et al., Comparaison des eaux li??es et des eaux libres des sols de 3 peuplements d'??pic??a (Picea abies Karst) des Vosges. Application ?? l'??tude du fonctionnement actuel des sols et cons??quences pour l'??tat sanitaire des peuplements, Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.50, issue.5, pp.425-444, 1993.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19930502

J. Ranger, R. Marques, M. Colin-belgrand, N. Flammang, and D. Gelhaye, The dynamics of biomass and nutrient accumulation in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) stand studied using a chronosequence approach, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.72, issue.2-3, pp.167-183, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03469-D

J. Ranger and M. Et-colin-belgrand, Nutrient dynamics of chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) coppice stands, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.86, issue.1-3, pp.259-277, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03733-4

J. Ranger, R. Marques, M. Colin-belgrand, N. Flammang, and D. Gelhaye, La dynamique d'incorporation d'éléments minéraux dans un peuplement de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) Conséquences pour la gestion sylvicole, Rev. For. Fr., XLVIII, vol.3, pp.217-230, 1996.

J. Ranger, R. Marques, and M. Colin-belgrand, Nutrient dynamics during the development of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.) stand, Acta Oecologica, vol.18, issue.2, pp.73-90, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1146-609X(97)80066-5

J. Ranger, Le cycle biogéochimique des éléments nutritifs dans les écosystèmes forestiers. Effets des pratiques sylvicoles, 1998.

J. Ranger and M. Et-turpault, Input???output nutrient budgets as a diagnostic tool for sustainable forest management, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.122, issue.1-2, pp.139-154, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00038-9

M. Rapp and S. Et-leonardi, Evolution de la litière au sol au cours d'une année dans un taillis de chêne vert (Quercus ilex), Pedobiologia, vol.32, pp.177-185, 1988.

C. A. Raymond and A. Muneri, Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.30, issue.1, pp.136-144, 2000.
DOI : 10.1139/cjfr-30-1-136

M. G. Reis, J. P. Kimmins, G. C. Rezende, and N. F. Barros, Acúmulo de biomass em uma sequéncia de idade de Eucalyptus grandis plantado no cerrado em duas áreas com diferentes produtividades, Revista Árvore, vol.9, pp.149-162, 1985.

D. E. Ressler, R. Horton, T. C. Kaspar, and J. L. Baker, Localized Soil Management in Fertilizer Injection Zone to Reduce Nitrate Leaching, Agronomy Journal, vol.90, issue.6, pp.747-752, 1998.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000060005x

B. Richardson, M. F. Skinner, and G. West, The role of forest productivity in defining the sustainability of plantation forests in New Zealand, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.122, issue.1-2, pp.125-137, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00037-7

C. J. Ritsema, Flow and transport in water repellent sandy soil, 1998.

R. W. Ruess, K. Van-cleve, J. Yarie, and L. A. Viereck, Contributions of fine root production and turnover to the carbon and nitrogen cycling in taiga forests of the Alaskan interior, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.26, issue.8, pp.1326-1336, 1996.
DOI : 10.1139/x26-148

G. Rufyikiri, J. E. Dufey, and P. A. Hennebert, Interpreting pH and nitrate concentration in solutions drained from acid soils. Possible artefacts of lysimeters. Soil Use and Management, pp.208-212, 1999.

R. M. Rytter, Fine-root production and turnover in a willow plantation estimated by different calculation methods. Scan, J. For. Res, vol.14, pp.526-537, 1999.

R. Safou-matondo and J. P. Et-bouillet, Essai factoriel NPK 3 3 sur replantation, 1999.

R. Safou-matondo, P. Deleporte, J. P. Laclau, and J. P. Bouillet, Hybrid and clonal variability of nutrient content and nutrient use efficiency in eucalypt stands in Congo. Actes du congrès IUFRO 'Developing the eucalypt of the future, pp.11-15, 2001.

X. R. Sana, Flux de sève et transpiration d'un peuplement d'eucalyptus du littoral congolais. DEA d'écologie, 1997.

S. Regina, I. Et-tarazona, and T. , Organic matter dynamics in beech and pine stands of mountainous Mediterranean climate area, ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE, vol.56, issue.8, pp.667-677, 1999.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19990804

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883308

T. Satoo and H. A. Et-madgwick, The Hague, Forestry Sciences. Forest Biomass. Eds. Nijhoff M. et Junk W, pp.15-89, 1982.

E. Saur, E. K. Nambiar, and D. N. Fife, Foliar nutrient retranslocation in Eucalyptus globulus, Tree Physiology, vol.20, issue.16, pp.1105-1112, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/20.16.1105

URL : http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/16/1105

D. Schwartz, Assèchement climatique vers 3000 B.P. et expansion Bantu en Afrique centrale atlantique : quelques réflexions, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, vol.163, issue.3, pp.353-361, 1992.

D. Schwartz, R. Dechamps, H. Elenga, R. Lanfranchi, A. Mariotti et al., Les savanes du Congo : une végétation spécifique de l'Holocène supérieur e symposium de palynologie africaine, Pub. Occas. CIFEG, issue.2, pp.31-99, 1995.

D. Schwartz, H. De-foresta, A. Mariotti, J. Balesdent, J. P. Massimba et al., Present dynamics of the savanna-forest boundary in the Congolese Mayombe: a pedological, botanical and isotopic (13C and 14C) study, Oecologia, vol.37, issue.4, pp.516-524, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00329710

D. Schwartz, A. Vincens, and J. Bertaux, Réponses des végétations d'Afrique Centrale atlantique (Congo, Cameroun) aux changements climatiques depuis l'Holocène moyen : pas de temps, variabilité spatiale, Journées du programme Environnement, Vies et Sociétés. Les temps de l'environnement, pp.5-7, 1997.
DOI : 10.4000/books.irdeditions.1501

URL : http://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/1501

D. F. Scott and R. E. Smith, Preliminary empirical models to predict reductions in total and low flows resulting from afforestation, Water SA, vol.23, issue.2, pp.135-140, 1997.

A. Sellstedt, L. Ståhl, U. Mattson, K. Jonsson, and P. Högberg, Can the 15 N dilution technique be used to study N2 fixation in tropical tree symbioses as affected by water deficit, Journal of Experimental Botany, issue.269, pp.44-1749, 1993.

J. Servant, R. Delmas, J. Rancher, and M. Rodriguez, Aspects of the cycle of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the tropical rain forest of the Ivory Coast, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.294, issue.4, pp.391-401, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00053802

P. J. Smethurst and E. K. Et-nambiar, plantation, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1498-1507, 1990.
DOI : 10.1139/x90-198

R. L. Specht, Influence of soils on the evolution of the eucalypts In : Nutrition of eucalypts, pp.31-60, 1996.

S. John and T. V. , Response of tree roots to decomposing organic matter in two lowland Amazonian rain forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.13, issue.2, pp.346-349, 1983.
DOI : 10.1139/x83-050

J. J. Stoorvogel, N. Van-breemen, and B. H. Janssen, The nutrient input by Harmattan dust to a forest ecosystem in Côte d'Ivoire, Biogeochemistry, vol.37, issue.2, pp.145-157, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005734225727