S. T. Yang, R. C. Eckardt, and R. L. Byer, Continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator pumped by a single-frequency resonantly doubled Nd:YAG laser, Optics Letters, vol.18, issue.12, p.971, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.18.000971

W. R. Bosenberg, A. Drobshoff, J. I. Alexander, L. E. Myers, and R. L. Byer, 93% pump depletion, 35-W continuous-wave, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, Optics Letters, vol.21, issue.17, p.1336, 1996.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.21.001336

K. Schneider, P. Kramper, S. Schiller, and J. Mlynek, Toward an optical synthesizer:???a single-frequency parametric oscillator using periodically poled LiNbO_3, Optics Letters, vol.22, issue.17, p.1293, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.22.001293

R. Klieber and D. Suter, Time-resolved coherent double Raman detection of nuclear spin transitions, Physical Review B, vol.73, issue.9, p.94408, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.094408

B. Krauss, W. Tittel, N. Gisin, M. Nilsson, S. Kröll et al., Quantum memory for nonstationary light fields based on controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening, Physical Review A, vol.73, issue.2, p.20302, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.020302

L. Rippe, M. Nilsson, S. Kröll, R. Klieber, and D. Suter, Experimental demonstration of efficient and selective population transfer and qubit distillation in a rare-earth-metal-ion-doped crystal, Physical Review A, vol.71, issue.6, p.62328, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062328

J. J. Longdell, M. J. Sellars, and N. B. Manson, Demonstration of Conditional Quantum Phase Shift Between Ions in a Solid, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.13, p.130503, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.130503

P. R. Hemmer, A. V. Turukhin, M. S. Shahriar, and J. A. Musser, Raman-excited spin coherences in nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond, Optics Letters, vol.26, issue.6, p.361, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.26.000361

M. M. Van-herpen, S. E. Bisson, and F. J. Harren, Continuous-wave operation of a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator at 4???5 ??m based on periodically poled LiNbO_3, Optics Letters, vol.28, issue.24, p.2497, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.28.002497

T. Petelski, R. S. Conroy, K. Bencheikh, J. Mlynek, and S. Schiller, All-solid-state, tunable, single-frequency source of yellow light for high-resolution spectroscopy, Optics Letters, vol.26, issue.13, p.1013, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.26.001013

W. R. Bosenberg, J. I. Alexander, L. E. Myers, and R. W. Wallace, 25-W, continuous-wave, 629-nm solid-state laser source, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.3, p.207, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000207

N. E. Yu, S. Kurimura, Y. Nomura, M. Nakamura, K. Kitamura et al., Periodically poled near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate for optical parametric oscillation, and references therein, p.1662, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1667616

S. Tu, A. H. Kung, Z. D. Gao, and S. N. Zhu, Efficient periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate optical parametric oscillator for the visible to near-infrared region, Optics Letters, vol.30, issue.18, p.2451, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.30.002451

M. Katz, R. K. Route, K. R. Parameswaran, G. D. Miller, and M. M. Fejer, Vapor-transport equilibrated near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate for frequency-conversion applications, Optics Letters, vol.29, issue.15, p.1775, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.29.001775

S. Bahbah, F. Bretenaker, and C. Drag, Single-frequency quasi-continuous red radiation generated by a green-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, Optics Letters, vol.31, issue.9, p.1283, 2006.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.31.001283

R. G. Batchko, D. R. Weise, T. Plettner, G. D. Miller, M. M. Fejer et al., Continuous-wave 532-nm-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.3, p.168, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000168

P. Juncar and J. Pinard, Instrument to measure wave numbers of cw and pulsed laser lines: The sigmameter, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.53, issue.7, p.939, 1982.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1137112

S. Akhmanov, A. Chirkin, K. Drabovich, A. Kovrigin, R. Khokhlov et al., Nonstationary nonlinear optical effects and ultrashort light pulse formation, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.4, issue.10, pp.598-605, 1968.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1968.1074933

G. Arisholm, G. Rustad, and K. Stenersen, Importance of pump-beam group velocity for backconversion in optical parametric oscillators, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.18, issue.12, pp.1882-1890, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.18.001882

]. G. Ari07 and . Arisholm, General analysis of group velocity effects in collinear optical parametric amplifiers and generators, Opt. Express, vol.15, issue.10, pp.6513-6527, 2007.

]. J. Arm62, N. Armstrong, J. Bloembergen, P. S. Ducuing, and . Pershan, Interactions between Light Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric, Phys. Rev, vol.127, issue.6, pp.1918-1939, 1962.

[. Al-tahtamouni, K. Bencheikh, R. Storz, K. Schneider, M. Lang et al., Long-term stable operation and absolute frequency stabilization of a doubly resonant parametric oscillator, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.66, issue.6, pp.733-739, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003400050460

]. Y. Bae95, R. Baek, G. I. Schiek, and . Stegeman, All-optical switching in a hybrid Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a result of cascaded second-order nonlinearity, Opt. Lett, vol.20, issue.21, pp.2168-2170, 1995.

]. G. Bai06, M. Baili, C. Alouini, D. Moronvalle, F. Dolfi et al., Broad-bandwidth shot-noise-limited class-A operation of a monomode semiconductor fiber-based ring laser, Opt. Lett, vol.31, issue.1, pp.62-64, 2006.

]. E. Bak03, P. V. Baklanov, and . Pokasov, Optical frequency standards and femtosecond lasers, Quantum Electron, vol.33, issue.5, pp.383-400, 2003.

]. J. Bibliographie-[-bar89a and . Barr, Modelocking using mirrors with intensity dependent reflection coefficients, Opt. Commun, vol.70, issue.3, pp.229-233, 1989.

J. R. Barr and D. W. Hughes, Coupled cavity modelocking of a Nd:YAG laser using second-harmonic generation, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.85, issue.4, pp.323-325, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00324180

J. R. Barr and D. W. Hughes, Coupled Cavity Mode-locking Using Nonlinear Amplitude Modulators, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.14, issue.4, pp.447-454, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1970.1076343

]. J. Bar91 and . Barr, Numerical simulation of a modelocked laser with an intracavity nonlinear mirror based on second harmonic generation, Opt. Commun, vol.813, pp.215-221, 1991.

]. M. Bec74, D. J. Becker, D. W. Kuizenga, A. E. Phillion, and . Siegman, Analytic expressions for ultrashort pulse generation in mode-locked optical parametric oscillators, J. Appl. Phys, vol.45, issue.9, pp.3996-4005, 1974.

A. Berrou, A. Desormeaux, A. Godard, M. Lefebvre, and E. Rosencher, Mid-infrared entangled-cavity doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator with back-conversion minimization, 2nd EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference, p.6, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/cleo.2007.4453636

]. P. Bey72, C. L. Bey, and . Tang, Plane-wave theory of parametric oscillator and coupled oscillator-upconverter, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE, vol.8, issue.3, pp.361-369, 1972.

]. J. Bjo71 and . Bjorkholm, Some Effects of Spatially Nonuniform Pumping in Pulsed Optical Parametric Oscillators, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.7, issue.3, pp.109-118, 1971.

]. N. Blo80 and . Bloembergen, Conservation laws in nonlinear optics, J. Opt. Soc. Am, vol.70, issue.12, pp.1429-1436, 1980.

]. W. Bos96, A. Bosenberg, J. I. Drobshoff, L. E. Alexander, R. L. Myers et al., 93 % pump depletion, 3.5-W continuous-wave, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett, vol.21, issue.17, pp.1336-1338, 1996.

]. G. Boy68, D. A. Boyd, and . Kleinman, Parametric Interaction of Focused Gaussian Light Beams, J. Appl. Phys, vol.39, issue.8, pp.3597-3639, 1968.

]. S. Bro79, R. L. Brosnan, and . Byer, Optical Parametric Oscillator Threshold and Linewidth Studies, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.15, issue.6, pp.415-431, 1979.

]. D. Bry84, R. Bryan, H. E. Gerson, and . Tomaschke, Increased optical damage resistance in lithium niobate, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.44, issue.9, pp.847-849, 1984.

]. I. Buc91, K. A. Buchvarov, S. M. Stankov, and . Saltiel, Pulse shortening in an actively modelocked laser with a frequency-doubling nonlinear mirror, Opt. Commun, vol.833, pp.241-245, 1991.

]. L. Cab00, J. Cabaret, P. Philip, and . Camus, Transient frequency shift in a single-mode quasicontinuousdiode-pumped Nd:YAG laser, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.36, issue.11, pp.1323-1332, 2000.

]. T. Car00, G. J. Carrig, A. Wagner, J. Y. Sennaroglu, C. R. Jeong et al., Mode-locked Cr2+:ZnSe laser, Opt. Lett, vol.25, issue.3, pp.168-170, 2000.

]. G. Cer95, S. D. Cerullo, A. Silvestri, D. Monguzzi, V. Segala et al., Self-starting mode locking of a cw Nd:YAG laser using cascaded second-order nonlinearities, Opt. Lett, vol.20, issue.7, pp.746-748, 1995.

E. C. Cheung and J. M. Liu, Theory of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator in steady-state operation, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.7, issue.8, p.1385, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.7.001385

]. Che01, K. Chen, and . Masters, Continuous-wave 4.3-µm intracavity difference frequency generation in an optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett, vol.26, issue.1, pp.25-27, 2001.

]. S. Che02 and . Chenais, Nouveaux matériaux laser dopés à l'ytterbium : performances en pompage par diode et étude des effets thermiques, Thèse de doctorat, 2002.

[. France, Domaine Technologique de Saclay, Batiment AZUR, 4, rue Rene Razel

[. Laser, Indices de réfraction des verres et des substrats

M. B. Danailov, G. Cerullo, V. Magni, D. Segala, and S. D. Silvestri, Nonlinear mirror mode locking of a cw Nd:YLF laser, Optics Letters, vol.19, issue.11, pp.792-794, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.19.000792

]. P. Dat04, . Datta, S. Shivanand, A. Mukhopadhyay, A. Agnesi et al., Picosecond Pulse Generation and its Simulation in a Nonlinear Optical Mirror Mode-Locked Laser, Appl. Opt, vol.43, issue.11, pp.2347-2352, 2004.

]. J. Dav72, W. F. Davis, and . Krupke, Theory of pulsed internal optical parametric oscillators, J. Appl. Phys, vol.43, issue.10, pp.4171-4183, 1972.

M. E. Dearborn, K. Koch, and G. T. Moore, Greater than 100% photon-conversion efficiency from an optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference-frequency mixing, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.10, pp.759-761, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000759

]. T. Deb96, J. Debuisschert, J. Raffy, M. Pocholle, and . Papuchon, Intracavity optical parametric oscillator: study of the dynamics in pulsed regime, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1569-1587, 1996.

]. T. Deb97 and . Debuisschert, Nanosecond optical parametric oscillators, Quantum Semiclass. Opt, vol.9, issue.2, pp.209-219, 1997.

]. L. Del96, R. H. Deloach, G. D. Page, S. A. Wilke, W. F. Payne et al., Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laserdemonstration of a new class of gain media, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.32, issue.6, pp.885-895, 1996.

]. R. Des96, A. A. Desalvo, D. J. Said, E. W. Hagan, M. Stryland et al., Infrared to ultraviolet measurements of two-photon absorption and n2 in wide bandgap solids, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1324-1333, 1996.

]. S. Did99, L. Diddams, J. Ma, J. L. Ye, and . Hall, Broadband optical frequency comb generation with phase-modulated parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett, vol.24, issue.23, pp.1747-1749, 1999.

]. A. Dub98, S. Dubois, T. Victori, P. Lépine, A. Georges et al., High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator, J. Appl. Phys. B, vol.67, issue.2, pp.181-183, 1998.

M. Dubois, P. W. Lorraine, R. J. Filkins, and T. E. Drake, Experimental comparison between optical spectroscopy and laser-ultrasound generation in polymer-matrix composites, Applied Physics Letters, vol.79, issue.12, pp.1813-1815, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1400776

]. R. Eck91, C. D. Eckardt, W. J. Nabors, R. L. Kozlovsky, and . Byer, Optical parametric oscillator frequency tuning and control, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.8, issue.3, p.646, 1991.

M. Eichenseer, J. Zanthier, and H. Walther, Common-mode-free frequency comparison of lasers with relative frequency stability at the millihertz level, Optics Letters, vol.30, issue.13, pp.1662-1664, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.30.001662

C. Fabre, M. Vaupel, N. Treps, P. Cohadon, C. Schwob et al., C.w. optical parametric oscillators: single mode or multimode?, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics, vol.1, issue.5, pp.553-559, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1296-2147(00)00154-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00246454

]. J. Fal71, J. M. Falk, E. O. Yarborough, and . Ammann, Internal Optical Parametric Oscillation, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE, vol.7, issue.7, pp.359-369, 1971.

]. M. Fej92, G. A. Fejer, D. H. Magel, R. L. Jundt, and . Byer, Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.28, issue.11, pp.2631-2654, 1992.

]. A. Fio98, S. Fiore, L. Janz, P. Delobel, P. Van-der-meer et al., Second-harmonic generation at ? = 1.6 µm in AlGaAs/Al 2 O 3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching, Appl. Phys. Lett, issue.23, pp.72-2942, 1998.

]. N. Bibliographie-[-for06b, S. Forget, C. Bahbah, F. Drag, M. Bretenaker et al., Actively mode-locked optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett, issue.7, pp.31-972, 2006.

]. N. For06c, S. Forget, J. Bahbah, C. Melkonian, F. Drag et al., Direct Active Mode-Locking of an Optical Parametric Oscillator, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.3, 2006.

]. N. For07, J. Forget, C. Melkonian, F. Drag, M. Bretenaker et al., Actively Mode-Locked Optical Parametric Oscillator, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.2, 2007.

]. J. Fuk98, H. Fukumoto, J. W. Komine, E. A. Long, and . Stappaerts, Periodically poled LiNbO 3 optical parametric oscillators with intracavity difference frequency mixing, Advanced Solid-State Lasers, v. 19 de OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, édité par W. R. Bosenberg et M. M. Fejer, pp.245-248, 1998.

]. G. Gal95, M. Gale, T. J. Cavallari, F. Driscoll, and . Hache, Sub-20-fs tunable pulses in the visible from an 82-MHz optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett, vol.20, issue.14, pp.1562-1564, 1995.

]. G. Gal98, M. Gale, E. F. Cavallari, and . Hache, Femtosecond visible optical parametric oscillator, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.15, issue.2, pp.702-714, 1998.

P. Geiser, U. Wilier, and W. Schade, Picosecond mid-infrared LIDAR system, 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, p.2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/QELS.2005.1549350

]. J. Gio62 and . Giordmaine, Mixing of Light Beams in Crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.8, issue.1, pp.19-20, 1962.

]. J. Gio66, R. C. Giordmaine, and . Miller, Optical parametric oscillation in LiNbO 3, Physics of Quantum Electronics, édité par P. L. Kelly, B. Lax et P. E. Tannenwald, pp.31-42, 1966.

]. A. God04, E. Godard, and . Rosencher, Energy yield of pulsed optical parametric oscillators: a rate-equation analysis, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.40, issue.6, pp.1527-1531, 2004.

A. Godard, M. Raybaut, O. Lambert, J. Faleni, M. Lefebvre et al., Cross-resonant optical parametric oscillators: study of and application to difference-frequency generation, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1966-1978, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.22.001966

]. H. Gra89, H. J. Grahn, J. Maris, and . Tauc, Picosecond ultrasonics, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.25, issue.12, pp.2562-2569, 1989.

]. E. Gra00, S. Granot, M. M. Pearl, and . Tilleman, Analytical solution for a lossy singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.17, issue.3, pp.381-386, 2000.

]. S. Guh98 and . Guha, Focusing dependence of the efficiency of a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, Appl. Phys. B, vol.66, issue.6, pp.663-675, 1998.

]. R. Haï04, N. Haïdar, P. Forget, E. E. Kupecek, and . Rosencher, Fresnel phase matching for three-wave mixing in isotropic semiconductors, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.21, issue.8, pp.1522-1534, 2004.

G. J. Hall, M. Ebrahimzadeh, A. Robertson, G. P. Malcolm, and A. I. Ferguson, Synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators using all-solid-state pump lasers, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.10, issue.11, p.2168, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.10.002168

]. K. Ham91, K. A. Hamal, H. Stankov, I. Jelinkova, M. Prochazka et al., Mode-locking of a flashlamp pumped Ti:sapphire laser using the frequency doubling nonlinear mirror, International Symposium on Ultrafast Processes in Spectroscopy, v. 126 de Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser, pp.59-62, 1991.

G. Hansson, H. Karlsson, S. Wang, and F. Laurell, Transmission measurements in KTP and isomorphic compounds, Applied Optics, vol.39, issue.27, pp.5058-5069, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.39.005058

]. H. Hau75a and . Haus, A Theory of Forced Mode Locking, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE, vol.11, issue.7, pp.323-330, 1975.

]. H. Hau75b and . Haus, Theory of mode locking with a fast saturable absorber, J. Appl. Phys, vol.46, issue.7, pp.3049-3058, 1975.

H. A. Haus, Parameter ranges for CW passive mode locking, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.12, issue.3, pp.169-176, 1976.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1976.1069112

[. Gmbh, Auf der Morgenstelle 14D, 72076.

. Hit and . Hitran-database, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

]. D. Hut92 and . Hutchins, Pulsed Lasers for Quantitative Ultrasonic NDE, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, pp.561-568, 1992.

[. Bibliographie and . Ipg, Photonics Corporation, 50 Old Webster Road

]. E. Ipp89, H. A. Ippen, L. Y. Haus, and . Liu, Additive pulse mode locking, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.6, issue.9, pp.1736-1745, 1989.

]. H. Ish05, T. Ishizuki, and . Taira, High-energy quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation in a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO 3 device with a 5 mm x 5 mm aperture, Opt. Lett, vol.30, issue.21, pp.2918-2920, 2005.

]. S. Jac07, A. Jackson, A. Sabella, S. Hemming, D. G. Bennetts et al., High-power 83 W holmium-doped silica fiber laser operating with high beam quality, Opt. Lett, vol.32, issue.3, pp.241-243, 2007.

J. J. Fleck, -Switched Lasers, Physical Review B, vol.1, issue.1, pp.84-100, 1970.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.1.84
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01009548

]. I. Jov06, C. P. Jovanovic, C. Barty, B. Haefner, and . Wattellier, Optical switching and contrast enhancement in intense laser systems by cascaded optical parametric amplification, Opt. Lett, issue.6, pp.31-787, 2006.

]. D. Jun97 and . Jundt, Temperature-dependent Sellmeier equation for the index of refraction, ne, in congruent lithium niobate, Opt. Lett, vol.22, issue.20, pp.1553-1555, 1997.

]. V. Kal03, E. Kalashnikov, I. T. Sorokin, and . Sorokina, Multipulse operation and limits of the Kerr-lens mode-locking stability, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.39, issue.2, pp.323-336, 2003.

U. Keller and T. H. Chiu, Resonant passive mode-locked Nd:YLF laser, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.28, issue.7, pp.1710-1721, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/3.142558

]. U. Kel96, K. J. Keller, F. X. Weingarten, D. Kartner, B. Kopf et al., Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAM's) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.2, issue.3, pp.435-453, 1996.

]. J. Kha94, J. H. Khaydarov, K. D. Andrews, and . Singer, 20-fold pulse compression in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.65, issue.13, pp.1614-1616, 1994.

J. D. Khaydarov, J. H. Andrews, and K. D. Singer, Pulse-compression mechanism in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.12, issue.11, pp.2199-2208, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.12.002199

]. J. Khu07a, J. Khurgin, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, E. Lefebvre et al., Passive mode locking of optical parametric oscillators: an efficient technique for generating sub-picosecond pulses, 2007.

]. J. Bibliographie-[-khu07b, J. Khurgin, A. Melkonian, E. Godard, and . Rosencher, Passively mode-locked slow pump optical parametric oscillators, Optics Letters, 2007.

]. S. Kob92, N. A. Kobtsev, and . Sventsitskaya, Application of birefringent filters in continuous-wave tunable lasers: a review, Opt. Spectrosc, vol.73, issue.1, pp.114-123, 1992.

]. K. Koc95, G. T. Koch, E. C. Moore, and . Cheung, Optical parametric oscillation with intracavity difference-frequency mixing, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.12, issue.11, pp.2268-2273, 1995.

]. K. Kön00 and . König, Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences, J. Microsc, vol.200, issue.2, pp.83-104, 2000.

]. J. Kuh86 and . Kuhl, Compression of femtosecond optical pulses with dielectric multilayer interferometers, IEEE Trans. Quantum Electron. QE, vol.22, issue.1, pp.182-185, 1986.

]. D. Kui70a, A. E. Kuizenga, and . Siegman, FM and AM mode locking of the homogeneous laser?Part I: Theory, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.6, issue.6, pp.694-708, 1970.

D. J. Kuizenga and A. E. Siegman, FM and AM mode locking of the homogeneous laser - Part II: Experimental results in a Nd:YAG laser with internal FM modulation, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.6, issue.11, pp.709-715, 1970.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1970.1076344

]. R. Lae90, H. Laenen, A. Graener, and . Laubereau, Broadly tunable femtosecond pulses generated by optical parametric oscillation, Opt. Lett, vol.15, issue.17, pp.971-973, 1990.

]. R. Lae93, K. Laenen, A. Wolfrum, A. Seilmeier, and . Laubereau, Parametric generation of femtosecond and picosecond pulses for spectroscopic applications, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.10, issue.11, pp.2151-2161, 1993.

]. R. Lae95, C. Laenen, A. Rauscher, and . Laubereau, Kerr lens mode-locking of a sub-picosend optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Commun, vol.115, pp.5-6, 1995.

[. Gmbh, Ernst-Abbe-Weg 1, D-99441 Mellingen

]. I. Lee05, W. J. Lee, A. Alford, J. Koch, and . Bartholomew, Improved 3.4 micron generation from a PPLN OPO with an intracavity PPLN OPA, Advanced Solid-State Photonics , OSA Technical Digest Series, p.3, 2005.

]. L. Lef99, K. Lefort, S. D. Puech, Y. P. Butterworth, D. C. Svirko et al., Generation of femtosecond pulses from order-of-magnitude pulse compression in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate, Opt. Lett, vol.24, issue.1, pp.28-30, 1999.

I. D. Lindsay, G. A. Turnbull, M. H. Dunn, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, Doubly resonant continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator pumped by a single-mode diode laser, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.24, pp.1889-1891, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.001889

J. Lin, W. Yang, W. Hsieh, and K. Lin, Low threshold and high power output of a diode-pumped nonlinear mirror mode-locked Nd:GdVO4 laser, Optics Express, vol.13, issue.17, pp.6323-6329, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.13.006323

B. Lin, H. S. Lee, and C. R. Prasad, Temporal behavior of the laser pulse for intracavity optical parametric oscillator, Optics Express, vol.15, issue.8, pp.4902-4908, 2007.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.15.004902

]. S. Lou01, V. Louis, F. Couderc, P. Louradour, A. Faugeras et al., Nonlinear polarization evolution in type I and type II second-harmonic-generation crystals applied to the mode locking of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, J. Opt. A, vol.3, pp.139-143, 2001.

]. Z. Lü94, Q. Lü, Q. X. Wu, Z. X. Li, and . Yu, Study of the Mode-locking Process in a Laser with an Auxiliary Cavity, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.41, issue.7, pp.1295-1300, 1994.

P. Mandel, Introduction à l'optique non-linéaire, Sciences Appliquées -PHYS, vol.327, 2003.

]. Mel05, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, E. Lefebvre, and . Rosencher, Étude critique d'un oscillateur paramétrique optique avec amplification paramétrique intracavité, 9ème Colloque sur les Lasers et l'Optique Quantique, p.140, 2005.

]. J. Mel06a, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, M. Raybaut, E. Lefebvre et al., Optical parametric oscillators configurations based on cascaded nonlinear processes for efficient generation in the mid-infrared, 2nd EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference, p.3, 2006.

]. Mel06b, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, E. Lefebvre, and . Rosencher, Critical study of pulsed parametric oscillators with intracavity optical parametric amplification, SPIE Photonics EuropeThe International Society for Optical Engineering, pp.6190-6215, 2006.

]. Mel06c, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, E. Lefebvre, and . Rosencher, Critical Study of Pulsed Parametric Oscillators with Intracavity Optical Parametric Amplification, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.4, 2006.

J. M. Melkonian, N. Forget, F. Bretenaker, C. Drag, M. Lefebvre et al., Active mode locking of continuous-wave doubly and singly resonant optical parametric oscillators, Optics Letters, vol.32, issue.12, pp.1701-1703, 2007.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.32.001701

J. Melkonian, N. Forget, F. Bretenaker, C. Drag, M. Lefebvre et al., Oscillateur paramétrique optique à modes verrouillés en phase, Journées Nationales des Cristaux pour l'Optique, p.23, 2007.

]. Mel07c, A. Melkonian, M. Godard, E. Lefebvre, and . Rosencher, Pulsed optical parametric oscillators with intracavity optical parametric amplification: a critical study, Appl. Phys. B, vol.86, issue.4, pp.633-642, 2007.

]. Mel07d, T. H. Melkonian, C. My, F. Drag, and . Bretenaker, High spectral purity and tunable operation of a continuous singly resonant optical parametric oscillator emitting in the red, Opt. Lett, vol.32, issue.5, pp.518-520, 2007.

]. A. Mig85, A. Migus, J. Antonetti, D. Etchepare, A. G. Hulin et al., Femtosecond spectroscopy with high-power tunable optical pulses, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.2, issue.4, pp.584-594, 1985.

]. S. Mir07, V. V. Mirov, I. S. Fedorov, D. Moskalev, and . Martyshkin, Recent Progress in Transition-Metal-Doped II?VI Mid-IR Lasers, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.13, issue.3, pp.810-822, 2007.

]. D. Mit96, R. H. Mittleman, M. C. Jacobsen, and . Nuss, T-ray imaging, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.2, issue.3, pp.679-692, 1996.

]. J. Mon93 and . Monchalin, Progress towards the application of laser ultrasonics in industry, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, v. 12A, édité par D. O. Thompson et D. E. Chimenti, p.495, 1993.

G. T. Moore and K. Koch, Optical parametric oscillation with intracavity sum-frequency generation, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.29, issue.3, pp.961-969, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/3.206580

]. T. My06, C. My, F. Drag, J. Bretenaker, and . Melkonian, Single-frequency continuous red radiation generated by a green-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, 2nd EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference, p.4, 2006.

L. E. Myers and W. R. Bosenberg, Periodically poled lithium niobate and quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillators, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1663-1672, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/3.631262

]. J. Nee96, L. B. Neev, M. D. Silva, M. D. Feit, A. M. Perry et al., Ultrashort pulse lasers for hard tissue ablation, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.2, issue.4, pp.790-800, 1996.

D. N. Nikogosyan, Nonlinear Optical Crystals: A Complete Survey, 2005.

M. Oshman and S. Harris, Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.4, issue.8, pp.491-502, 1968.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1968.1075372

]. R. Pag97, K. I. Page, L. D. Schaffers, G. D. Deloach, F. D. Wilke et al., Cr 2+ -doped zinc chalcogenides as efficient, widelytunable mid-infrared lasers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.33, issue.4, pp.609-619, 1997.

]. I. Pai98, A. Paiss, R. Englander, . R. Lavi, M. M. Bosenberg et al., Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intra-cavity PPLN OPO " , in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, v. 19 de OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, édité par W, pp.253-255, 1998.

]. P. Phu00, K. S. Phua, R. Lai, and . Wu, Multiwatt High-Repetition-Rate 2-µm Output from an Intracavity KTiOPO 4 Optical Parametric Oscillator, Appl. Opt, vol.39, issue.9, pp.1435-1439, 2000.

C. Pollock, N. Brilliant, D. Gwin, T. J. Carrig, W. J. et al., Mode Locked and Q-Switched Cr:ZnSe Laser Using a Semiconductor Saturable Absorbing Mirror (SESAM), Advanced Solid- State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest Series, p.6, 2005.

E. O. Potma, W. P. De-boeij, M. S. Pshenichnikov, and D. A. Wiersma, 30-fs, cavity-dumped optical parametric oscillator, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.22, pp.1763-1765, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.001763

M. Raybaut, Sources paramétriques innovantes à base de semiconducteurs isotropes, Thèse de doctorat, 2006.

D. T. Reid, M. Ebrahimzadeh, and W. Sibbett, Efficient femtosecond pulse generation in the visible in a frequency-doubled optical parametric oscillator based on RbTiOAsO_4, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.12, issue.6, p.1157, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.12.001157

]. C. Ric95, K. I. Richy, E. Petsas, C. Giacobino, L. Fabre et al., Observation of bistability and delayed bifurcation in a triply resonant optical parametric oscillator, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.12, issue.3, pp.456-461, 1995.

]. E. Ros02, C. Rosencher, and . Fabre, Oscillation characteristics of continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators: beyond the mean-field approximation, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.19, issue.5, pp.1107-1116, 2002.

]. S. Roy05, T. R. Roy, J. R. Meyer, and . Gord, Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy of nitrogen using a picosecond modeless dye laser, Optics Letters, vol.30, issue.23, pp.3222-3224, 2005.

]. J. Sai03, T. Saikawa, and . Taira, Second-Harmonic Nonlinear Mirror CW Mode Locking in Yb:YAG Microchip Lasers, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, vol.42, issue.6B, p.649, 2003.

]. S. Sal99, I. Saltiel, K. Buchvarov, and . Koynov, Control of laser light parameters by ? (2) : ? (2) nonlinear optical devices " , in Advanced photonics with second-order nonlinear processes , édité par A, pp.89-112, 1999.

]. B. Sch00, I. Scherrer, A. Ribet, E. Godard, M. Rosencher et al., Dual-cavity doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators: demonstration of pulsed single-mode operation, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1716-1729, 2000.

P. G. Schunemann, Advanced in Mid-IR Materials, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.3, 2007.

]. A. Sem98, C. Semerok, V. Chaleard, S. Detalle, J. Kocon et al., Laser ablation efficiency of pure metals with femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond pulses, High-Power Laser Ablation, v. 3343 de Proceedings of SPIE, édité par C. R. Phipps, pp.1049-1055, 1998.

A. Sennaroglu, A. O. Konca, and C. R. Pollock, Continuous-wave power performance of a 2.47-/spl mu/m Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe laser: experiment and modeling, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.36, issue.10, pp.1199-1205, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/3.880661

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, Direct Experimental Determination of the Optimum Chromium Concentration in Continuous-Wave Cr<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{2 + }$</tex></formula>:ZnSe Lasers, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol.13, issue.3, pp.823-830, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.896069

J. Seres and J. Hebling, Nonstationary theory of synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.17, issue.5, pp.741-750, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.17.000741

]. K. Sha97 and . Shaw, Spatio-temporal evolution of the intra-cavity fields in a pulsed doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Commun, vol.144, pp.134-160, 1997.

]. A. Bibliographie-[-smi88, G. C. Smirl, K. M. Valley, J. T. Bohnert, and . Boggess, Picosecond photorefractive and free-carrier transient energytransfer in GaAs at 1 µm, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.24, issue.2, pp.289-303, 1988.

]. A. Smi95, W. J. Smith, T. D. Alford, M. S. Raymond, and . Bowers, Comparison of a numerical model with measured performance of a seeded nanosecond KTP optical parametric oscillator, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.12, issue.11, pp.2253-2267, 1995.

]. A. Smi03 and . Smith, How to use SNLO nonlinear optics software to select nonlinear crystals and model their performance, Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications II, v. 4972 de Proceedings of SPIE, édité par K. L. Schepler, D. D. Lowenthal et J. W. Pierce, pp.50-57, 2003.

]. I. Sor01a, E. Sorokina, A. Sorokin, M. Di-lieto, R. H. Tonelli et al., Active and passive mode-locking of the Cr 2+ : ZnSe laser " , in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, v. 50 de OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, édité par C, pp.157-161, 2001.

]. I. Sor01b, E. Sorokina, A. Sorokin, M. Di-lieto, R. H. Tonelli et al., Efficient broadly tunable continuous-wave Cr 2+ :ZnSe laser, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.18, issue.7, pp.926-930, 2001.

]. I. Sor04 and . Sorokina, Cr 2+ -doped II-VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics, Opt. Mater, vol.26, issue.4, pp.395-412, 2004.

]. E. Sor05, S. Sorokin, I. T. Naumov, and . Sorokina, Ultrabroadband infrared solid-state lasers, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.11, issue.3, pp.690-712, 2005.

]. I. Sor06, E. Sorokina, T. J. Sorokin, and . Carrig, Femtosecond Pulse Generation from a SESAM Mode-Locked Cr:ZnSe Laser, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.2, 2006.

]. K. Sta89a and . Stankov, Mode locking by a frequency-doubling crystal: generation of transformlimited ultrashort light pulses, Opt. Lett, vol.14, issue.7, pp.359-361, 1989.

]. K. Sta89b and . Stankov, Pulse shortening by a nonlinear mirror mode locker, Appl. Opt, vol.28, issue.5, pp.942-945, 1989.

]. K. Sta90, F. P. Stankov, and . Schäfer, Mode-locked laser, United States Patent, vol.4914, p.658, 1990.

]. K. Sta91a, V. Stankov, K. Kubecek, and . Hamal, Mode locking of a Nd:YAlO3 laser at the 1.34-µm transition by a second-harmonic nonlinear mirror, Opt. Lett, vol.16, issue.7, pp.505-507, 1991.

]. K. Bibliographie-[-sta91b, V. P. Stankov, M. G. Tzolov, and . Mirkov, Frequency-domain analysis of the mode-locking process in a laser with a second-harmonic nonlinear mirror, Opt. Lett, vol.16, issue.9, pp.639-641, 1991.

K. A. Stankov, V. P. Tzolov, and M. G. Mirkov, Compensation of group-velocity mismatch in the frequency-doubling modelocker, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.50, issue.4, pp.303-306, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00325196

G. I. Stegeman, D. J. Hagan, and L. Torner, ?(2) cascading phenomena and their applications to all-optical signal processing, mode-locking, pulse compression and solitons, Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol.30, issue.12, pp.1691-1740, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00698538

A. Overview, in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest Series, p.1, 2006.

M. C. Stumpf, S. C. Zeller, A. Schlatter, T. Südmeyer, U. Keller et al., Fiber-Broadened Passively Modelocked Er:Yb:Glass Laser for High-Resolution Optical CoherenceFiber-Broadened Passively Modelocked Er:Yb:Glass Laser for High- Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography, Conference on Lasers and Electro- Optics, p.6, 2007.

]. A. Sug02 and . Sugar, Ultrafast (femtosecond) laser refractive surgery, Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol, vol.13, issue.4, pp.246-249, 2002.

W. J. Tropf, Temperature-dependent refractive index models for BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, SrF2, LiF, NaF, KCl, ZnS, and ZnSe, Optical Engineering, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1369-1373, 1995.
DOI : 10.1117/12.201666

]. A. Umb94, J. Umbrasas, J. Diels, A. Jacob, and . Piskarskas, Parametric oscillation and compression in KTP crystals, Opt. Lett, vol.19, issue.21, pp.1753-1755, 1994.

A. Velten, J. Diels, V. Kube?ek, and A. Zavadilová, Intracavity Pumped Picosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator for Intracavity Interferometry, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.3, 2007.

. Vig and S. A. Vigo-system, 3 Swietlikow Str, pp.1-389

K. L. Vodopyanov, F. Ganikhanov, J. P. Maffetone, I. Zwieback, and W. Ruderman, ZnGeP_2 optical parametric oscillator with 38???124-??m tunability, Optics Letters, vol.25, issue.11, pp.841-843, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.25.000841

]. K. Vod03, . T. Vodopyanov, K. L. Sorokina, and . Vodopyanov, Pulsed mid-IR optical parametric oscillators " , in Solid-State Mid- Infrared Sources, édité par I, pp.141-178, 2003.

]. K. Vod07, J. E. Vodopyanov, P. S. Schaar, M. M. Kuo, X. Fejer et al., New Light from Gallium Arsenide: Micro-Structured GaAs for Mid-IR and THz-Wave Generation, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, p.1, 2007.

]. G. Vys01, E. Vysniauskas, D. Bente, P. Burns, and . Hynd, High Energy KTA OPO operating at 2.9 microns, 15th Biennial Meeting of the Institute of Physics Quantum Electronics and Photonics Group (QEP-15), 2001.

H. P. Weber, Method for Pulsewidth Measurement of Ultrashort Light Pulses Generated by Phase???Locked Lasers using Nonlinear Optics, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.38, issue.5, pp.2231-2234, 1967.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1709859

]. A. Wit06, M. Wittmann, J. Giovannini, L. Faist, S. Hvozdara et al., Room temperature, continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with widely spaced operation frequencies, Applied Physics Letters, vol.89, issue.14, p.141116, 2006.

D. L. Woolard, R. Brown, M. Pepper, and M. Kemp, Terahertz Frequency Sensing and Imaging: A Time of Reckoning Future Applications?, Proceedings of the IEEE 93, pp.1722-1743, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/JPROC.2005.853539

]. J. Yu06, D. Yu, L. Grando, V. Tartara, and . Degiorgio, Widely tunable optical parametric oscillator driven by a pulsed diode-pumped nonlinear-mirror mode-locked Nd:YAG laser, Opt. Commun, vol.260, issue.1, pp.257-264, 2006.

]. D. Zel97, D. L. Zelmon, D. Small, and . Jundt, Infrared corrected Sellmeier coefficients for congruently grown lithium niobate and 5 mol. magnesium oxide doped lithium niobate, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.14, issue.12, pp.3319-3322, 1997.

]. X. Zha92, D. J. Zhao, and . Mcgraw, Parametric mode locking, IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol.28, issue.4, pp.930-939, 1992.

J. Zondy, D. Touahri, and E. O. Acef, Absolute value of the d_36 nonlinear coefficient of AgGaS_2: prospect for a low-threshold doubly resonant oscillator-based 3:1 frequency divider, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.14, issue.10, pp.2481-2497, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.14.002481

]. Zon03, C. Zondy, D. Bonnin, and . Lupinski, Second-harmonic generation with monolithic walk-off-compensating periodic structures. I. Theory, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.20, issue.8, pp.1675-1694, 2003.