À. Moyen-terme, extension de la méthode des champs virtuels aux grandes déformations augmentera l'intérêt de la méthode des champs virtuels pour étudier la plasticité. Expérimentalement, l'utilisation de la corrélation d'image serait une bonne solution pour mesurer des déformations au delà de 10 %. La méthode est également en cours d'application pour identifier des comportements visco-plastiques

À. and L. Terme, emploi de ce type de technique pourrait permettre de réaliser des essais in-situ, dans des cas où la réalisation d'essais normalisés n'est pas possible. Ces essais pourrait permettre d'approcher d'avantage les conditions d'utilisation des matériaux et permettre une meilleure modélisation du comportement en service des structures. Enfin, ces techniques pourraient être étendues à l'étude des matériaux hétérogènes, p.128

O. Bibliographie, P. Allix, and . Vidal, A new multi-solution approach suitable for structural identification problems, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.191, pp.2727-2758, 2002.

K. Aoki, M. Amaya, T. Sahashi, and . Nakamura, Identification of Gurson's material constants by using Kalman filter, Computational Mechanics, vol.19, issue.6, pp.501-506, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004660050199

M. H. Arafeh, Identification de la loi de comportement élastique de matériaux orthotropes, Thèse de Doctorat, 1995.

S. Avril, M. Grédiac, and F. Pierron, Sensitivity of the virtual fields method to noisy data, Computational Mechanics, vol.34, issue.6, pp.439-452, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00466-004-0589-6

S. Avril, F. Pierron, and M. Grédiac, Design of suitable testing configurations for identifying mechanical constitutive equations from full-field measurements, Xth SEM International Congress on Experimental Mechanics. Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2004.

D. Banabic, T. Kuwabara, T. Balan, D. S. Comsa, and D. Julean, Non-quadratic yield criterion for orthotropic sheet metals under plane-stress conditions, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol.45, issue.5, pp.797-811, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7403(03)00139-5

M. Bocciarelli, G. Bolzon, and G. Maier, Parameter identification in anisotropic elastoplasticity by indentation and imprint mapping, Mechanics of Materials, vol.37, issue.8, pp.855-868, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mechmat.2004.09.001

M. Bonnet, H. D. Bui, and A. Constantinescu, Principes variationnels et exploitation de mesures de champs en ??lasticit??Variational principles and exploitation of field measurements in elasticity, M??canique & Industries, vol.4, issue.6, pp.687-697, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mecind.2003.09.011

M. Bonnet and A. Constantinescu, Inverse problems in elasticity, Inverse Problems, pp.1-50, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0266-5611/21/2/R01
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111264

P. W. Bridgman, Studies in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture, 1952.
DOI : 10.4159/harvard.9780674731349

O. T. Bruhns and D. K. Anding, On the simultaneous estimation of model parameters used in constitutive laws for inelastic material behaviour, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1311-1340, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00046-7

M. Brunet, F. Morestin, and S. Godereaux, Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Identification for Anisotropic Sheet Metals With Bending-Unbending Tests, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.123, issue.4, pp.378-383, 2001.
DOI : 10.1115/1.1394202
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00455853

S. Calloch, Essais triaxiaux non-proportionnels et ingénierie des modèles de plasticité cyclique, Thèse de Doctorat, 1997.

H. Chalal, S. Avril, F. Pierron, and F. Meraghni, Experimental identification of a damage model for composites using the grid technique coupled to the virtual fields method, 2004.

H. Chalal, F. Meraghni, F. Pierron, and M. Grédiac, Direct identification of the damage behaviour of composite materials using the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, pp.841-848, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.011

D. Claire, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Identification of damage fields using kinematic measurements, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.330, issue.11, pp.729-734, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0721(02)01524-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002902

K. Creath, V Phase-Measurement Interferometry Techniques, Progress in Optics, pp.349-383, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70178-1

X. Deng and A. J. Rosakis, Negative plastic flow and its prevention in elasto-plastic finite element computation, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol.7, issue.2, pp.181-191, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-874X(90)90009-4

T. Dillard, Caractérisation et simulation numérique du comportement mécanique des mousses de nickel : morphologie tridimensionnelle, réponse élastoplastique et rupture, Thèse de doctorat, 2004.

S. Diot, A. Gavrus, D. Guines, and E. Ragneau, Identification du comportement d'un acier en compression : du quasi-statique au dynamiqueIdentification of a steel compression behaviour: from quasi static approach to dynamic one, M??canique & Industries, vol.4, issue.5, pp.519-524, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mecind.2003.07.007

R. Fedele, M. Filippini, and G. Maier, Constitutive model calibration for railway wheel steel through tension???torsion tests, Computers & Structures, vol.83, issue.12-13, pp.1005-1020, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.10.006

R. Forestier, Développement d´une méthode d´identification de paramètres par analyse inverse couplée avec un modèle éléments finis 3D, Thèse de doctorat, 2004.

R. Forestier, E. Massoni, and Y. Chastel, Estimation of constitutive parameters using an inverse method coupled to a 3D finite element software, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.125, issue.126, pp.125-126, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00406-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00673863

T. Furukawa, T. Sugata, S. Yoshimura, and M. Hoffman, An automated system for simulation and parameter identification of inelastic constitutive models, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.191, issue.21-22, pp.2235-2260, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00375-9

A. Gavrus, E. Massoni, and J. L. Chenot, An inverse analysis using a finite element model for identification of rheological parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.60, issue.1-4, pp.1-4, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0924-0136(96)02369-2

J. C. Gelin and O. Ghouati, An inverse solution procedure for material parameters identification in large plastic deformations, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.4, issue.3, pp.161-173, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0887(199603)12:3<161::AID-CNM961>3.0.CO;2-E

J. C. Gelin, O. Ghouati, and R. Shahani, Modelling the plane strain compression test to obtain constitutive equations of aluminium alloys, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol.36, issue.9, pp.773-796, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7403(94)90009-4

F. Geymonat, G. Hild, and S. Pagano, Identification of elastic parameters by displacement field measurement, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.330, issue.6, pp.403-408, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0721(02)01476-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002934

O. Ghouati and J. C. Gelin, Identification of material parameters directly from metal forming processes, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.80, issue.81, pp.80-81, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00159-9

O. Ghouati and J. C. Gelin, A finite element-based identification method for complex metallic material behaviours, Computational Materials Science, vol.21, issue.1, pp.57-68, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-0256(00)00215-9

A. Giraudeau and F. Pierron, Identification of stiffness and damping properties of thin isotropic vibrating plates using the virtual fields method: theory and simulations, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.284, issue.3-5, pp.757-781, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.07.009

E. Grediac, M. , T. , and F. Pierron, L'identification des propri??t??s m??caniques de mat??riaux avec la m??thode des champs virtuels, une alternative au recalage par ??l??ments finis, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.330, issue.2, pp.107-112, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0721(02)01435-3

M. Grédiac, Principe des travaux virtuels et identification, Comptes Rendus de l´Académie des Sciences, vol.309, issue.2, pp.1-5, 1989.

M. Grédiac, On the direct determination of invariant parameters governing anisotropic plate bending problems, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.33, issue.27, pp.3969-3982, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(95)00220-0

M. Grédiac, The use of heterogeneous strain fields for the characterization of composite materials, Composites Science and Technology, vol.56, issue.7, pp.841-846, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-3538(96)00030-9

M. Grédiac, N. Fournier, P. Paris, and Y. Surrel, DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ANISOTROPIC PLATES BY MODAL ANALYSIS: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.210, issue.5, pp.643-659, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1304

M. Grédiac and P. A. Paris, DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ANISOTROPIC PLATES BY MODAL ANALYSIS: THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL ASPECTS, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.195, issue.3, pp.410-415, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/jsvi.1996.0434

M. Grédiac and F. Pierron, A T-shaped specimen for the direct characterization of orthotropic materials, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.2, issue.2, pp.293-309, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19980130)41:2<293::AID-NME284>3.0.CO;2-Y

M. Grédiac and F. Pierron, Applying the Virtual Fields Method to the identification of elasto-plastic constitutive parameters, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.22, issue.4, pp.602-627, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.04.007

M. Grédiac, F. Pierron, and Y. Surrel, Novel procedure for complete in-plane composite characterization using a single T-shaped specimen, Experimental Mechanics, vol.36, issue.1, pp.142-149, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02331118

M. Grédiac, E. Toussaint, and F. Pierron, Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 1??????Principle and definition, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.39, issue.10, pp.2691-2705, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00127-0

M. Grédiac, E. Toussaint, and F. Pierron, Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 2??????Application to in-plane properties, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.39, issue.10, pp.2707-2730, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00128-2

M. Grédiac, E. Toussaint, and F. Pierron, Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 3. Application to the bending rigidities of anisotropic plates, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.40, issue.10, pp.2401-2419, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00030-1

M. Grédiac and A. Vautrin, A New Method for Determination of Bending Rigidities of Thin Anisotropic Plates, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.57, issue.4, pp.964-968, 1990.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2897668

T. Harth, S. Schwan, J. Lehn, and F. G. Kollmann, Identification of material parameters for inelastic constitutive models: statistical analysis and design of experiments, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.20, issue.8-9, pp.1403-1440, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.11.001

M. A. Hendricks, Identification of the mechanical behavior of solid materials, Thèse de Doctorat, 1991.

T. Hisada, Recent progress in nonlinear FEM-based sensitivity analysis, JSME international journal series A, vol.38, pp.301-305, 1995.

T. Hoc, J. Crépin, L. Gélébart, and A. Zaoui, A procedure for identifying the plastic behavior of single crystals from the local response of polycrystals, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.18, pp.5477-5488, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00413-0

J. Kajberg and G. Lindkvist, Characterisation of materials subjected to large strains by inverse modelling based on in-plane displacement fields, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.41, issue.13, pp.41-3439, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.021

J. Kajberg, K. G. Sundin, L. G. Melin, and P. Ståhle, High strain-rate tensile testing and viscoplastic parameter identification using microscopic high-speed photography, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.20, issue.4-5, pp.561-575, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(03)00041-X

A. Khalfallah, Identification des lois de comportement élastoplastiques par essais inhomogènes et simulations numériques, Thèse de doctorat, Faculté des Sciences de, p.133, 2004.

A. Khalfallah, H. Salah, and A. Dogui, Anisotropic parameter identification using inhomogeneous tensile test, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, vol.21, issue.6, pp.927-942, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0997-7538(02)01246-9

J. P. Kleinermann and J. P. Ponthot, Parameter identification and shape/process optimization in metal forming simulation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.139, issue.1-3, pp.521-526, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00530-2

T. Kuwabara, M. Kuroda, V. Tvergaard, and K. Nomura, Use of abrupt strain path change for determining subsequent yield surface: experimental study with metal sheets, Acta Materialia, vol.48, issue.9, pp.2071-2079, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00048-3

T. Kuwabara, A. Van-bael, and E. Iizuka, Measurement and analysis of yield locus and work hardening characteristics of steel sheets wtih different r-values, Acta Materialia, vol.50, issue.14, pp.3717-3729, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00184-2

J. C. Lagarias, J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, Convergence Properties of the Nelder--Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions, SIAM Journal on Optimization, vol.9, issue.1, pp.112-147, 1998.
DOI : 10.1137/S1052623496303470

Y. C. Lam, S. Khoddam, and P. F. Thomson, Inverse computational method for constitutive parameters obtained from torsion, plane-strain and axisymmetric compression tests, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.83, issue.1-3, pp.62-71, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00029-6

V. Laws, Derivation of the tensile stress-strain curve from bending data, Journal of Materials Science, vol.9, issue.5, pp.1299-1304, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01033845

J. Lemaitre and J. L. Chaboche, Mécanique des matériaux solides, 1985.

L. , L. Magorou, F. Bos, and F. Rouger, Identification of constitutive laws for wood-based panels by means of an inverse method, Composite Science and Technology, vol.62, issue.4, pp.591-596, 2001.

R. Mahnken, Aspects on the finite-element implementation of the Gurson model including parameter identification, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.11, pp.1111-1137, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00029-7

R. Mahnken, A comprehensive study of a multiplicative elastoplasticity model coupled to damage including parameter identification, Computers & Structures, vol.74, issue.2, pp.179-200, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-7949(98)00296-X

R. Mahnken and E. Stein, Parameter identification for viscoplastic models based on analytical derivatives of a least-squares functional and stability investigations, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.12, issue.4, pp.451-476, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(95)00016-X

R. Mahnken and E. Stein, A unified approach for parameter identification of inelastic material models in the frame of the finite element method, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.136, issue.3-4, pp.225-258, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(96)00991-7

E. Mahnken and . Stein, Parameter identification for finite deformation elasto-plasticity in principal directions, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.147, issue.1-2, pp.17-39, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00008-X

R. A. Mayville and I. Finnie, Uniaxial stress-strain curves from a bending test, Experimental Mechanics, vol.59, issue.5???6, pp.197-201, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02326357

M. H. Meuwissen, An Inverse Method for the Mechanical Characterisation of Metals, Thèse de Doctorat, 1998.

M. H. Meuwissen, C. W. Oomens, F. P. Baaijens, R. Petterson, and J. D. Janssen, Determination of the elasto-plastic properties of aluminium using a mixed numerical???experimental method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.75, issue.1-3, pp.204-211, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(97)00366-X

R. Moulart, S. Avril, and F. Pierron, Identification of the through-thickness rigidities of a thick laminated composite tube, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.37, issue.2, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.050

A. Niclas and L. Bourgeois, An inverse approach to determine the non-linear properties of induction heat-treated steels, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, vol.19, issue.1, pp.69-88, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0997-7538(00)00152-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111286

H. Okada, Y. Fukui, and N. Kumazawa, An inverse analysis determining the elastic-plastic stress-strain relationship using nonlinear sensitivities, Computer Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, vol.4, issue.3, pp.176-185, 1999.

V. J. Parks, Geometric moiré, Handbook on Experimental Mechanics, chapitre 6, pp.267-296, 1993.

D. W. Phillion, General methods for generating phase-shifting interferometry algorithms, Applied Optics, vol.36, issue.31, pp.8098-8115, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.36.008098

P. Picart, O. Ghouati, and J. C. Gelin, Optimization of metal forming process parameters with damage minimization, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.80, issue.81, pp.80-81, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00167-8

F. Pierron, S. Zhavoronok, and M. Grédiac, Identification of the through-thickness properties of thick laminated tubes using the virtual fields method, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.37, issue.32, pp.4437-4453, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00149-3

H. Pijlman, Sheet material characterisation by multi-axial experiments, Thèse de doctorat, 2001.

J. L. Piro and M. Grédiac, PRODUCING AND TRANSFERRING LOW-SPATIAL-FREQUENCY GRIDS FOR MEASURING DISPLACEMENT FIELDS WITH MOIRE AND GRID METHODS, Experimental Techniques, vol.21, issue.5, pp.23-26, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02327139

J. P. Ponthot and J. P. Kleinermann, A cascade optimization methodology for automatic parameter identification and shape/process optimization in metal forming simulation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.195, issue.41-43, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2005.11.012

. Post, Developments In Moire Interferometry, Optical Engineering, vol.21, issue.3, pp.458-467, 1982.
DOI : 10.1117/12.7972930

E. F. Rauch, Plastic anisotropy of sheet metals determined by simple shear tests, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.241, issue.1-2, pp.179-183, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00486-3

Y. Surrel, Moiré and grid methods : a signal processing approach, Interferometry '94 : Photomechanics The International Society for Optical Engineering, SPIE, pp.213-220, 1994.

Y. Surrel, Design of algorithms for phase measurements by the use of phase stepping, Applied Optics, vol.35, issue.1, pp.51-60, 1996.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.35.000051

Y. Surrel, La technique de la grille et ses applications Instrumentation mesure et métrologie, pp.193-216, 2005.

Y. Surrel, Les techniques optiques de mesure de champ : essai de classification. Instrumentation mesure et métrologie, pp.11-42, 2005.

M. A. Sutton, X. Deng, J. Liu, and L. Et-yang, Determination of elastic-plastic stresses and strains from measured surface strain data, Experimental Mechanics, vol.27, issue.3, pp.99-112, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02328705

D. Szeliga, P. Matuszyk, R. Kuziak, and M. Pietrzyk, Identification of rheological parameters on the basis of various types of plastometric tests, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.125, issue.126, pp.125-126, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00366-7

M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.72, issue.1, pp.156-160, 1982.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.72.000156

Y. Tillier, Identification par analyse inverse du comportement mécanique des polymères solides : applications aux sollicitations multiaxiales et rapides, Thèse de doctorat, 1998.

E. Voce, A practical strain?hardening function. Metallurgia, pp.219-226, 1955.

F. Yoshida, T. Uemori, and K. Fujiwara, Elastic???plastic behavior of steel sheets under in-plane cyclic tension???compression at large strain, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.18, issue.5-6, pp.633-659, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00049-3

F. Yoshida, M. Urabe, and V. V. Toropov, Identification of material parameters in constitutive model for sheet metals from cyclic bending tests, International Journal of Mechanical Science, vol.40, issue.2-3, pp.327-249, 1998.

F. Yoshida, M. Urabeb, R. Hinoa, and V. V. Toropov, Inverse approach to identification of material parameters of cyclic elasto-plasticity for component layers of a bimetallic sheet, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.19, issue.12, pp.2149-2170, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(03)00063-9

L. Zhang, M. Hauge, J. 0degard, and C. Thaulow, Determining material true stress???strain curve from tensile specimens with rectangular cross-section, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.36, issue.23, pp.3497-3516, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00153-X

Z. L. Zhang, J. Odegard, 0. P. Svik, and C. Thaulow, A study on determining true stress???strain curve for anisotropic materials with rectangular tensile bars, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.38, issue.26-27, pp.4489-4505, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00302-4

K. M. Zhao and J. K. Lee, Inverse estimation of material properties for sheet metals, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.21, issue.2, pp.105-118, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/cnm.479

A. Zouani, T. Bui-quoc, and M. Bernard, Cyclic stress-strain data analysis under biaxial tensile stress state, Experimental Mechanics, vol.44, issue.5, pp.92-102, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02331111