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. Nucléotide, ADN et de l'ARN composé de 3 parties : 1. un groupement phosphate, identique pour les nucléotides de l'ADN et de l'ARN 2. un sucre à 5 atomes de carbone (désoxyribose pour l'ADN et ribose pour l'ARN) 3

E. Psa, Prostate Specic Antigen), protéine fabriquée par la prostate. Le dosage de son taux sanguin est utilisé pour le diagnostic ou le suivi du cancer de la prostate, Bovine Serum Albumin)

B. Annexe, Deux techniques classiques en biodétection : le test ELISA et la PCR Dans cette annexe, nous revenons sur deux techniques qu'il nous a semblé indispensable de connaître dans le domaine de la détection biologique

E. Le-test and E. Le, acronyme anglais de Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, est une technique de dosage immunoenzymatique sur support solide qui a connu ses premiers développements dans les années 70 1 . La technique consiste à venir accrocher sur l'espèce cible (anticorps ou antigène) un anticorps couplé à une enzyme. La réaction de cette enzyme avec un substrat chromogène ou uorogène est à l

E. Le-procédé-de-la-technique and . Dite, en sandwich", utilisée pour la détection d'antigène, est décrit à la gure B

. Etape-de, coating" : les micropuits d'une plaque sont tapissés avec un anticorps de capture capable de se lier spéciquement à l'antigène recherché. L'anticorps de capture, qui assure la spécicité du test

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B. Figure, 1 Le test ELISA dangereux : si l'on considère la toxine botulique, la sensibilité est cette fois de 1ng

. La-technique-de-polymérisation-en-chaîne, PCR) La technique de polymérisation en chaîne (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) a été développée dans les années 80 4 . Elle permet l'isolement, l'amplication et l'identication d'une séquence d'acides nucléiques (ADN ou ARN) spécique de l

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P. Principe-de-la and P. Dans-le-cas-de-la, les acides nucléiques sont, dans un premier temps, extraits des échantillons à analyser Ce matériel génétique est ensuite dupliqué par une réaction d'amplication. L'ensemble de la réaction d'amplication est constitué d'une succession d'une trentaine de cycles, eux-mêmes constitués de plusieurs étapes (gure B.3) : 1. une étape de dénaturation de l'ADN double brin par la chaleur an de générer des simples brins 2. une étape d'hybridation des oligonucléotides complémentaires des séquences encadrant la région à amplier