Í. Comme-Évoqué-dans-le-chapitre, la méthode du continuum est basée sur la modélisation du sol par un massif semi-infini élastique, homogène et isotrope, caractérisé par son module d'Young et son

D. Poulos, définis comme étant le rapport entre le déplacement horizontal (ou rotation) supplémentaire d'un pieu du groupe, dû aux pieux voisins à son déplacement horizontal (ou rotation) dû à sa propre charge. Les facteurs d'interaction sont présentés sous la forme d'abaques (POULOS, 1971.

F. Regles-du, par essais pressiométriques Pour l'estimation de ia valeur du paramètre q^ (frottement latéral unitaire limite îe long du fût du pieu), on utilise la figure B.l, 1981.

. B. Fig, Abaque de détermination du frottement latéral unitaire limite o^, FASCICULE, vol.62, 1993.

L. Contrainte-de-rupture, effort limite) sous la pointe q, est donnée par l'expression suivante, BUSTAMANTE et GIANESELLI, 1981.

E. Annexe and 4. Si, £ 22* 140 si <î>, > 22* 60 si <J>, s 22* 140 si 4», > 22* 90 si <î>, s 22* 140 si Q>, p.140

O. Si, 140 si 4>, > 22 140 si <t>, > 22' 90 si 4>, s 22* 140 si <I>

E. Tableau, . S. Amar, C. S. Amar, . P. Gambin-m, . L. Orr-t et al., Les micropieux Rapport interneUtilisation des résultats des essais pressiométriques pour le dimensionnement des fondation en EuropeAnalyse d'un micropieu élasto-plastique, chargé latéralement, Choix des abaques pour la détermination de q^, 1991.

A. S. Et and D. Cs, Load-deformation response of axially loaded piles, J. of Geotech, Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.113, pp.12-1483, 1987.

S. Arrigo, Fondation par 'pieux racines' de la ligne Est-Ouest du RER Construction, 1970.

A. U. Byrne-p, Prediction of P-y curves from pressuremeter tests and finite element analysis, Soil Mech. Series N°, vol.66, 1984.

A. U. Byrne-p and S. J. Et, Prediction of P-y curves from pressuremeter tests, Proc. of the Asian Regional Conference on Geotechnical Problems and Practices in Found. Eng, 1986.

A. A. Et and P. G. , Considerations on the bearing capacity of vertical and battered piles subjected to forces acting in different directions, Acta Technica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaicae, vol.64, pp.43-57, 1969.

A. , J. Et, and R. J. , Les micropieux" Rapport, SETRA et la Division des Ouvrages d'Arts du CETE d'Aix-en-ProvenceRules of foundation design using self-boring pressuremeter tests results, Proc, Sym. on The Pressuremeter and its Marine Application, pp.347-360, 1982.

B. Bustamante and F. , The pressuremeter for foundations : French experience, Proc. of A.S.C.E. Speciality Conf. on Use of In-Situ Teste in Geotechnical Engineering, pp.31-46, 1986.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00855424

B. F. Et and J. J. , Etude expérimentale du comportement de pieux sollicités horizontalement, Bull, liaison Labo. P. et Ch, pp.129-170, 1972.

B. F. , F. R. Et, and G. Y. , Calcul sur ordinateur des pieux sollicités horizontalement ou subissants des poussées parasites, Bull, liaison Labo P. et Ch, vol.84, pp.113-120, 1976.

B. F. , F. R. Et, and J. J. , Quelques résultats théoriques sur l'essai d'expansion dans les sols et sur le frottement latéral des pieux, Bull. Liaison Labo. P. et Ch, pp.131-136, 1975.

B. F. , F. R. Et, and J. J. , Parameters for friction piles in Marine Soils, 2nd International Conference on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling. University of Texas at Austin, pp.197-214, 1982.

B. F. , F. R. Et, and S. Y. , Etude théorique du mécanisme de réaction latérale des pieuxTheoretical study of lateral reaction mechanism of piles, N° 92, pp.35-56, 1977.

B. F. , J. J. Et, and S. D. , The pressuremeter and foundation Engineering, Trans Tech. Publication, Clausthal, R.F.A, vol.617, 1978.

B. P. England and B. K. , A contribution to the study of axially loaded pile foundationsFoundation within a finite elastic layer, Civil Eng. and Public Works Review, pp.1198-202, 1970.

B. P. Et and D. G. Vies-t, Analysis of pile groups embedded in Gibson soil, Proc. of 9th Int, pp.381-386, 1977.

B. P. Et and D. G. Vies-t, The behaviour of axialiy and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non homogeneous soils, Géotechnique, vol.28, issue.3, pp.309-326, 1978.

B. P. Et and D. G. Vies-t, Analysis of some reported case histories of laterally loaded groups, Proc. of Conf. of Num. Meth. in offshore piling, pp.101-108, 1980.

B. P. Et and D. M. , Program for the analysis of pue groups of any geometry subjected to horizontal and vertical loads and moments, PGROUP Department of Transport, issue.217, 1976.

B. D. Et and M. H. , Procedures for analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in soft clay, Proc. of Conf. on Geotechnical Prac. in Offshore Eng, pp.499-535, 1983.

B. F. Et and F. R. , Fondations profondes" Les Techniques de l'Ingénieur, article C248-249, et cours de mécanique des sols- Fondations et Soutènements, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, pp.6-9, 1989.

B. J. , S. T. , and M. Bj, Design of laterally loaded piles using pressuremeter test results" Proa, Sym. on The Pressuremeter and Its Marine Application, pp.377-395, 1982.

B. J. , S. T. , and M. Bj, Pressuremeter gives elementary model for laterally loaded piles, Proa, Int. Sym. on In-Situ Testing of Soil and Rock, pp.217-221, 1983.

B. J. , S. T. , and M. Bj, Laterally loaded piles and the pressuremeter : comparison of existing methods" Laterally loaded deep Foundations : Analysis and PerformanceThe stabilising effect of piles in clay, Editors BRINCH-HANSEN J, pp.97-111, 1948.

B. B. Et and F. A. , Failure of pile supported structures caused by settlement" Proa of 6th European Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found, Eng, vol.1, pp.383-386, 1976.

B. D. Et and S. C. , Three dimensional finite element model of laterally loaded piles, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.10, issue.1, pp.59-79, 1990.

B. D. America, P. O. Box, B. M. Bridgeville, . Lcpc-bustamante-m, B. M. Paris et al., Les tirants d'ancrage injectés précontraintsCapacité d'ancrage et comportement des tirants injectés, pp.75-92, 1979.

B. M. Et and G. L. , Prévision de la capacité portante des pieux isolés sous charge verticale, Règles pressiométriques et pénétrométriques, Bull, liaison Labo. P. et CL, vol.113, pp.83-108, 1981.

B. M. Et and G. D. , Essais de pieux de haute capacité scellés par injection sous haute pression, Compte rendu du 6e Congrès européen de Mécanique des Sols et Travaux de Fondations, 1976.

B. M. , D. F. Et, and L. J. , Comportement des tirants précontraints dans une argile plastique" Rev, pp.24-34, 1978.

B. M. , F. R. Et, and G. L. , Prévision de la courbe de chargement de fondations profondes isolées, Proc of 12th Int. Conf. of Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., Rio de Janeiro, pp.1125-1126, 1989.

G. L. Bustamante-m, D. B. Et, and B. B. , Les travaux de confortement du, 1989.

B. M. Gïaneselli-l, . Dolx-b-"-ballester-p, and J. P. Et, Essais de chargement de fondations profonds dans la molasse tolosane, Bull, liaison Lab. P. et Ch, pp.43-52, 1989.

B. M. Gïaneselli-l, S. L. Ledoux-j, and K. J. Et, Portance d'un micropieu dans les marnes, Bull, liaison Lab. P. et Ch, pp.47-54, 1983.

B. R. Et and B. K. , The elastic analysis of compressible piles and pile groups, Géotechnique, vol.21, issue.1, pp.43-60, 1971.

C. F. Bibliographique, R. Lrep, C. S. France, and C. M. , Micropieux, Méthode d'exécution et de dimensionnementComportement des pieux sollicités horizontalementLe tassement des pieux, synthèse des recherches récentes et essais comparatifs, Thèse de Doctorat, pp.18-19, 1966.

C. B. Et and P. Pj, Axial uplift capacity of inclined piles, Indian Geotechnical J, vol.16, issue.3, pp.197-214, 1986.

C. Y. Et and T. V. , Optimisation of pile groups" Computers and Geotechnics, pp.43-58, 1987.

C. P. Et and R. M. , An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations, Int. J. for Num. and Analy. Meth. in Geom, vol.17, pp.849-869, 1993.

C. Ch and S. G. Et, Confortation de la cathédrale St Pierre à Genève, Proc. of 10th Int, pp.55-60, 1981.

C. R. , P. G. Et, and T. K. , Jacked piles in London clay : interaction and group behaviour under working conditions, Geotechnique, vol.30, issue.2, pp.449-471, 1980.

D. E. Et and R. J. , Load transfer in end-bearing steel H-piles, 1963.

D. Vies, T. G. Et, B. K. Da-vies-t, and B. M. Et, The displacement field due to a point load at the interface of a two layer elastic half- spaceNon-linear analysis of laterally loaded piles in stiff clay, Géotechnique Géotechnique, vol.28, issue.36 4, pp.43-56, 1978.

D. E. Et and P. G. , The analysis of pile raft systems, J. of Aust. Geomech, vol.62, issue.1, pp.21-27, 1972.

D. M. Et and G. H. , Laterally loaded piles in a layered soil system, J. of Soil Mech. and Found. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.89, pp.3-63, 1963.

D. M. Et and P. S. , A review of soil-pole behaviour" Stresses in soils in layered systems, Highway Researches Record National Research Council, vol.39, pp.25-48, 1963.

D. E. Et and R. J. , Calcul des efforts et déplacements dans les groupes de pieux : le programme GOUPIL, Bull, liaison Labo P. et Ch, pp.3-12, 1989.

D. Cs and A. C. Et, 3-D analysis of laterally loaded structures, Proc. of 2nd Int, 1976.

D. Cs and W. H. Et, A general function for stress-strain curves, Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. for Numerical Methods in Geomech, 1976.

D. A. , D. T. Et, and C. J. , A multilayered/pressuremeter approach to laterally loaded rigid caisson design ASCE Seminar on Lateral Pressure Related to Large Diameter Pipes, Piles, Tunnels and Caissons, 1975.

D. D. Et and D. E. , The movement of buried footings due to moment and horizontal load and the movement of anchor plates, Géotecnique, vol.14, pp.115-132, 1964.

D. J. Evans-l and O. S. Et, Lateral load analysis of single piles and drilled shaft, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.120, issue.6, pp.1018-1033, 1994.

D. T. Et-o-'neill-m, Evaluation of design-oriented methods for analysis of vertical pile groups subjected to lateral loads, Proc. of Int. Conf. On Num. Meths. in Offshore Pilling, pp.303-316, 1986.

E. B. Sharnouby and N. M. Et, Static and low-frequency response of pile groups, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.22, issue.1, pp.79-94, 1985.
DOI : 10.1139/t85-008

E. B. Sharnouby and N. M. Et, Stiffness constants and interaction factors for vertical response of pile groups, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.27, issue.6, pp.813-822, 1990.
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E. W. Et, O. J. La-mer, and F. L. , Load distribution in pile groupRègles Techniques de conception et de calcul des fondations des ouvrages de Génie Civil" Centre des techniques d'ouvrage d'art, Ministère de l'Equipement, du Logement, des Transports et deLateral load tests on groups of battered and vertical piles, Proc. of 3rd InL Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., Singapore, pp.462-467, 1953.

H. H. Et-o-'neill-m, Discussion on "Theoretical t-z curves, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.109, issue.10, pp.1353-1355, 1983.

H. F. Hansen-b and P. K. Et, Group effect for laterally loaded piles in sand, Proc. of 8th Int. Conf. of Soil Mech. and Found. Eng, pp.427-432, 1989.

H. A. Et and A. A. , Pull-out capacity of single batter piles in sand, Canadian Geotech. J, vol.23, issue.3, pp.387-392, 1986.

H. M. Et and K. K. , Analysis of pile groups subjected to lateral loads, Proc. of 3rd Int. Conf. on Behaviour of Offshore Structures, pp.383-390, 1982.

M. Théorique and S. Lcpc, Root pile for slope stabilization Comptes-rendus, Colloque IntRenforcement en place des sols et des roches, pp.71-75, 1979.

J. M. , L. R. Et, and P. E. , Discussion onScale effects of ultimate pile capacity, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.110, pp.1156-1159, 1984.

K. S. Kolk-hj and . R. Van-hooydonk-w, Site specific design of laterally loaded piles, Proc. of Conf. on Geotechmcal Prac. in Offshore Eng, pp.557-580, 1983.

K. L. , R. R. Et, and K. T. , Theoretical t-z curves, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.107, issue.GT11, pp.1543-1561, 1981.

L. J. Australia and L. C. , Stability and deformation analysis of caisson and block FoundationsDiscrete layer analysis of axially loaded piles and pile groups, Computers and Geotechnics, issue.11, pp.295-313, 1988.

L. , M. J. Et, and M. , Pieu vertical sollicité horizontalement, Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, pp.337-383, 1968.

L. C. Et and C. Y. , Response of pile groups subjected to lateral loads, Int. J. for Num. and Analy. Meth. in Geom, vol.11, pp.307-314, 1987.

M. M. Rao-n and M. K. Et, Laterally loaded pile in élasto-plastique soil, Soils and Foundations, vol.11, issue.2, pp.1-15, 1971.

M. M. Et and . Burley, Lateral load capacity of single piles in sand, Proc. of Inst, pp.155-162, 1994.

M. K. Baguelin-f and S. F. Et, Etude d'un pieu souple chargé latéralement, 1991.

M. H. Et and R. L. , Generalised solutions for laterally loaded piles, J. of Soil Mech. and Found. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.86, pp.5-63, 1960.

M. H. Et and R. L. , Foundation analysis of offshore pile-supported structures, Proc, 5th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., Dunod, pp.91-97, 1961.

M. N. Et and P. G. , Settlement of single compressible pile, N° SM 1, pp.189-207, 1969.

M. Cd and . F. Lrep-mcnultyj, The elastic behaviour of a laterally loaded pile Communications privéesThrust loading on piles, J. of Soil Mech, and Found. Div., ASCE, vol.82, pp.4-1081, 1956.

M. L. Bourdon-g and G. M. Et, Méthode générale de calcul d'un rideau ou d'un pieu sollicité horizontalement en fonction des résultats pressiométriques" Sols-Soils, pp.22-23, 1969.

M. G. Et and R. G. , The bearing capacity of rigid piles under inclined loads in sand., I : Vertical piles, Canadian Geotech. J, vol.9, issue.4, pp.430-446, 1972.

M. G. Et and Y. A. , Behaviour of flexible batter piles in sand, Canadian Geotech. J, vol.30, issue.2, pp.247-256, 1993.

M. A. Et, D. Cs, . Su, . Blacksburg, M. A. Virginia et al., Three-dimensional analysis of cap-pile-soil interaction" Report, Dept. of Civil EngThree-dimensional analysis of pile-group foundation, Int. J. for Num. and Analy. Meth. in Geom, vol.10, pp.41-58, 1981.

N. Rao, S. Et, and V. C. , Influence of pile inclination on the lateral capacity of batter piles in clays, Proc. of 4th Int Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf, pp.498-503, 1994.

N. Rao, S. V. Murthy-t, and V. C. Et, Induced Bending Moments in Batter Piles in Setting Soils ., SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, vol.34, issue.1, pp.127-133, 1994.
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N. T. Et and P. S. , Transfer matrix approach for nonlinear pile group response analysis, Int. J. for Num. and Analy. Meth. in Geom, vol.9, pp.299-316, 1985.

O. , N. M. Ghazzaly-o, and H. H. , Analysis of three-dimensional pile groups with non-linear soil response and pile-soil-pile interaction, Proc. of 9th offshore technology conference, pp.245-256, 1977.

O. , N. M. Hawkins-r, and M. L. Et, Field study of pile group action; Final Report, 1980.

O. , N. M. Hawkins-r, and M. L. Et, Load Transfer Mechanisms in Piles and Piles Groups, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.108, pp.12-1605, 1982.

O. P. Et and D. M. , Lateral load analysis of groups of piled and drilled shafts, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.120, issue.6, pp.1034-1050, 1994.

P. L. Et and T. J. , The earth pressure and deflection along embedded lengths of piles subjected to lateral thrust, Proc, 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., GEBR Kesmat, pp.156-161, 1948.

P. S. Campbell-b and W. J. Et, Slope stabilization using in-situ earth reinforcement, Conf. on stability and performance of slopes and embankments, 1992.

P. G. Et, Z. G. Philipponat, and Z. M. Et, Le phicomètre: Contribution à l'estimation du frottement latéral sur les inclusions" Session Fondation Profonde à Paris, organisée par CEIFICI, pp.3-28, 1992.

P. H. Sydney and P. G. , Analytical geomechanics in Foundation Engineering -A study of laterally loaded piles Research report N° R667, Centre for Geotechnical Research, The university ofPile foundation settlement prediction -Hand and computer methods, Research Report N° R661, 1992.

P. H. Et and A. M. , Analysis of lateral response of non-uniform section piles, Research Report, vol.330, 1978.

P. H. Et and H. Cm, Axial interaction between dissimilar piles in a group, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conf. on Num. Meth. in offshore piling, pp.253-270, 1986.

P. H. Et and M. M. , Analysis of the movement of battered piles, Proc. of 1st Aust.-N.Z. Conf. on Geomechanics, pp.268-275, 1971.

P. H. Et and M. S. , The behaviour of axially-loaded end-bearing piles, Géotechnique, vol.19, pp.285-300, 1969.

P. H. Et and R. M. , Pile group analysis : A study of two methods, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.109, issue.3, pp.355-372, 1983.

P. A. Et and C. A. , Elastic analysis of single batter piles subjected to horizontal loads, Proc. of Int. symp. on sou structure interaction, pp.335-342, 1977.

P. S. Et and S. G. , Behaviour of battered piles under lateral loads, 1965.

P. Le, M. Louis, B. K. Générale-ramffla, and C. L. , Règles d'utilisation des techniques pressiométriques et d'exploitation des résultats obtenus pour le calcul des fondationsStress distribution around batter pues, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.104, pp.229-247, 1978.

R. M. Et and W. C. , Analysis of deformation of vertically loaded piles, J. of Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.104, pp.1465-1488, 1978.

R. M. Et and W. C. , An analysis of the vertical deformation of pile groups, Géotechnique, vol.29, issue.4, pp.423-439, 1979.

R. , A. G. , R. G. Et, and T. R. , Lateral response of batter piles and pile bents in clay, Indian Geotechnical J, vol.10, issue.2, pp.133-142, 1980.

R. A. Et and V. A. , An analytical solution for laterally loaded piles in layered soils, Sols Soils, vol.21, pp.23-28, 1968.

R. L. Et and M. H. , Non-dimensional solutions for laterally loaded piles with soil modulus assumed proportional to depths" Proa, 8th Texas Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., Spec. Pub. 21, pp.1-41, 1956.

R. L. , C. W. Et, and K. F. , Field testing and analysis of laterally loaded piles in stiff clay" Proc, 7th Offshore Tech, Conf, pp.671-690, 1975.

R. L. , O. W. Neill-m, and S. R. Et, Generalised analysis of pile group foundations, N° SM 1, pp.235-250, 1970.

R. P. Hughes-j, . G. Campanella-r, and S. A. Et, Design of laterally loaded displacement piles using a driven pressuremeter" Laterally loaded deep Foundations : Analysis and Performance, pp.229-238, 1984.

R. P. Campanella-r, G. T. Brown-p, and H. J. Et, Design of axially and laterally loaded piles using in-situ tests : A case history, Canadian Geotech. J, vol.22, issue.4, pp.518-527, 1985.

S. V. Meyerhof-g and K. T. Et, Behaviour of rigid piles in layered soils under eccentric and inclined loads, Canadian Geotech. J, vol.23, issue.4, pp.451-457, 1986.

S. A. Akai-k and F. Et, Study on methods to calculate negative skin friction and bending of a batter pile, Laboratory report of Japan Road Corporation, pp.31-49, 1970.

S. R. Et and R. Wj, Shaft capacity of driven pipe piles in clay Analysis and design of pile foundations, pp.59-79, 1984.

S. France, S. I. Et, and A. N. , Règles de justification des fondations sur pieux à partir des résultats des essais pressiométriques Ministère de l'Urbanisme du Logement et des Transports, Analyse du comportement d'un pieu incliné" Rapport N° F0/93/03 du Projet National FOREVER, 1985.

T. Sfflbata, Y. A. , K. M. Et, and F. H. , Analysis of laterally loaded piles by quasi-three-dimensional finite element method, Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Num. Meths. in Geomechanics, pp.1051-1058, 1988.

T. A. Ozawa-y, S. S. Et, and M. , Reduction in horizontal bearing capacity of pile group, Proc. of 4th Int. Conf. on Num. Meths. in Geomechanics, pp.865-874, 1982.

T. , J. England, and V. A. , Pile design and construction practiceBending of beam resting on isotropic elastic solid, J. of Mech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol.82, pp.2-35, 1961.

V. P. Mars and V. V. Wilson, Technologie de micropieuxLoad-movement characteristics of pilesStructural analysis of axisymmetric solids, Micropieux à armatures métalliques scellées dans le sol Rapport du Projet National de Recherche FOREVER, deuxième brouillons Proc. of Ports 77 conf, pp.2269-2274, 1965.

Y. K. , T. M. Et, and K. M. , A method for estimating immediate settlement of piles and pile groups, Soils and Foundations, vol.27, issue.1, pp.61-76, 1987.

Y. M. Et and W. S. , Lateral soil resistance-displacement relationships for pile foundations in soft clays, Proc. of 5th Annual Offshore Tech. Conf, pp.663-676, 1973.

Z. M. Najjar-y and M. A. Et, Effect of cap thickness and pile inclination on the response of a pile group foundation by a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.15, pp.65-86, 1993.