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, au! coeur! du! rapport! d'expertise!:! d'une! part
!nous!avons!constaté!qu'assumer!un!rôle!d'expert!nécessitait!un!apprentissage!long ,
! selon! le! cas! et! les! profils,! caractérisés! par! la! maîtrise! pratique,! théorique,! systémique,! stratégique! et! prospective, ! Enfin ,
, Trois!grandes!catégories!regroupent!l'ensemble!de!ces!besoins!en!expertise!:! ! Le% développement% des% savoirs,! qui! comprend! les! activités! de! recherche
,
! inclut! les! activités! de! capitalisation! des! savoirs,! l'animation! des! équipes!des!recherche,!l'encadrement!des!spécialistes ,
( 231! 2.1.!La!prise!en!compte!des!aspects!collectifs!de!l'expertise!organisationnelle!, .1.2!Communautés!d'expertise!:!la!diversité!des!formes!et!des!modèles!d'interaction ,
, .2.1!Les!enclaves!professionnelles!comme!unités!d'expertise!:!revisiter!la!«!relation!
2.2!L'impact!des!enclaves!professionnelles!sur!le!rôle!et!la!dynamique!de!progression!des! spécialistes!et!des!experts! ,
3.1!L'étude!des!métiers!internes!à!travers!la!différenciation!des!rôles!, .3.2!Les!enjeux!de!la!différentiation!des!rôles!:!limites!de!la!Double!échelle! ,
!244! 2.4.2!Cible!métier!et!fiche!de!compétences!comme!outils!de!gestion!à!l'interface!des!métiers!et! des!Ressources!Humaines! ,
!en! faisant! référence! aux! travaux! de! Lave! et! Wenger:! «! experts'% bodies% of% crystalized% knowing% do% not% emerge% from% depths% of% their% mind% but% are% internalized% and% appropriated% from% historically% developed% expert%cultures%», vol.70, 2011. ,
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, ! les! travaux! sur! l'intelligence! collective,! sur! la! cognition! des! groupes,! sur! la! mémoire!
! les! débats! sont! vifs! sur! la! notion! de! la! compétence! collective! (Amherdt,! Dupuich@Rabasse ,
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,
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!nous!pouvons!identifier!deux!types!d'enclaves!professionnelles!:!d'une!part,!les!métiers%internes! ,
,
,
! et! les! relations! qui! y! sont! associées,! ont! été! longtemps! considérées! par! les! chercheurs! en! sciences! sociales!, 2005. ,
, Les! rôles! sont! des! construits! organisationnels,! ils! ne! sont! pas! monolithiques!
!à!leur!tour,!consistent!en! des! activités,! missions,! tâches,! responsabilités,! obligations,! etc.! Selon! les! auteurs,! la! frontière! entre! les!rôles!et!les!sous@rôles!est!mince ,
, ! et! les! relations! qu'elles! entretiennent! sont! assez!
, !1991)!:!dans!cette!perspective,!les!individus!utilisent!
, !Ces!mêmes!auteurs!proposent!ainsi!d'étudier!la!différenciation(des(rôles
,
, !, 2006.
, !nous!avons!élaboré!, 2004.
, En! d'autres! termes,! comment! instrumenter! notre! modélisation,!et!pour!quel!objectif
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! trois!:! ! les!outils!d'investigation!des!fonctionnements!organisationnels!! ! les!outils!de!pilotage!de!la!mutation!! ! les!outils!, 2009. ,
,
! ces! deux! outils! de! gestion! deviennent,! comme! le! dit! Moisdon,! «%une% représentation%provisoire,%autour%de%laquelle%les%acteurs%entreprennent%par%des%apprentissages%croisés% l'exploration% des% liens% qui% les% unissent,% des% conditions% de% leurs% activités,% de% la% signification% des% termes% qu'ils%manipulent,%et%des%chemins%par%lesquels%ils%peuvent%évoluer%»! (Moisdon, 1997. ,
1.1!La!place!centrale!de!la!notion!de!carrière!dans!la!dualité!des!relations!entre!les!individus! et!l'organisation! ,
1.2.2.!Proposition!d'un!cadre!d'analyse!pour!l'étude!des!émergences!concourantes!des! domaines!d'expertise!et!des!carrières!des!experts! ,
2.3!Retour!sur!un!dispositif!gestionnaire!permettant!d'accompagner!les!carrières! exploratoires!-!«!Parcours!Innovation!et!Expertise! ,
,
,
expertise! n'existe! pas! encore,! ou! si! son! développement! n'a! pas! été! considéré!comme!stratégique ,
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! autour! des! questions! de! planification! de! carrière,! d'évaluation,! de! contrôle, 2002. ,
! place! de! politiques! d'allocation! des! personnes! aux! fonctions,!aux!projets,!etc.,!en!fonction!«%l'autonomie,%la%créativité,%l'individualité,%et% l'apprentissage% personnel% obtenu% par% la% construction% personnelle% de% son% propre%, % parcours% »! (Inkson, vol.26, 2002. ,
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