D. Van-krevelen and K. Nijenhuis, Properties of polymers: their correlation with chemical structure; their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions, 2009.

P. Flory, Principles of polymer chemistry, 1953.

A. Kemp, Purified Rubber for Electrical Insulation, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.10, issue.3, pp.474-491, 1937.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3539003

C. Boggs and J. Blake, Deproteinized Rubber, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.28, issue.10, pp.1198-1202, 1936.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50322a018

. Py-le-gac, D. Choqueuse, and . Melot, Description and modeling of polyurethane hydrolysis used as thermal insulation in oil offshore conditions, Polymer Testing, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1588-1593, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.10.009

L. Wells, . Cassidy, R. Aminabhavi, and . Perry, A Study of Permeation and Diffusion of Aqueous Salt Solutions through Polyurethane and Polysiloxane and Their Laminates, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.66-76, 1990.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3538243

B. Brokenbrow, J. Sims, and . Wright, Polyurethane elastomers based on hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane, 1970.

B. Brokenbrow, J. Sims, and . Wright, High performance polyurethane elastomers. part 1. laboratory ageing trials, 1972.

G. Briggs, E. Edwards, and . Storey, Water Absorption of Elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.36, issue.3, pp.621-641, 1963.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3539593

P. Riggs, . Parker, S. Braden, and . Kalachandra, Influence of additives on the water uptake of hydrosilanized silicone rubbers, Biomaterials, vol.18, issue.10, pp.721-726, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00195-0

A. Boisseau, Long term durability of composites for ocean energy conversion systems, 2011.

J. Hinkley and B. Holmes, Effect of water on the strength of filled polychloroprene vulcanizates, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.34, issue.3, pp.4873-4881, 1986.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1986.070320510

B. Velayudhan, Studies on rubber compositions as passive acoustic materials in underwater electro acoustic transducer technology-and their aging characteristics, 2003.

G. Lake and T. Pond, Effects of aqueous environments on fatigue and elastic properties of rubber, 2 nd International Conference on Polymers in a Marine Environment, pp.141-147, 1987.

R. Fedors, Osmotic effects in water absorption by polymers, Polymer, vol.21, issue.2, pp.207-212, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(80)90062-2

R. Fedors, Water-treeing as an osmotic phenomenon???, Polymer, vol.21, issue.8, pp.863-865, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(80)90241-4

J. Ball, Discontinuous Equilibrium Solutions and Cavitation in Nonlinear Elasticity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.306, issue.1496, pp.557-611, 1982.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1982.0095

H. Winkelmann and E. Croakmann, Water Absorption of Rubber Compounds, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.22, issue.12, pp.1367-1370, 1930.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50252a035

H. Daynes, Note on the Theory of Water Absorption by Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.532-534, 1939.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3546463

A. Thomas and K. Muniandy, Absorption and desorption of water in rubbers, Polymer, vol.28, issue.3, pp.408-415, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(87)90193-5

V. Miri, J. Persyn, R. Lefebvre, and . Seguela, Effect of water absorption on the plastic deformation behavior of nylon 6, European Polymer Journal, vol.45, issue.3, pp.757-762, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.12.008

B. De-'n-`-eve and M. Shanahan, Water absorption by an epoxy resin and its effect on the mechanical properties and infra-red spectra, Polymer, vol.34, issue.24, pp.5099-5105, 1993.

P. Davies and Y. Rajapakse, Durability of Composites in a Marine Environment, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-7417-9

M. Arhant, L. Gac, and P. Davies, Fatigue behavior of natural rubber in a marine environment, 2013.

X. Leveque, Behaviour of various elastomers in a marine environment, Polymers in a Marine Environment Conference, 1900.

K. Ab-malek and A. Stevenson, The effect of 42 year immersion in sea-water on natural rubber, Journal of Materials Science, vol.2, issue.1, pp.147-154, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01144713

D. Oldfield and T. Symes, Long term natural ageing of silicone elastomers, Polymer Testing, vol.15, issue.2, pp.115-128, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-9418(95)00018-6

P. Mott and C. Roland, Aging of natural rubber in air and seawater. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.79-88, 2001.

L. Py-le-gac, . Saux, Y. Paris, and . Marco, Ageing mechanism and mechanical degradation behaviour of polychloroprene rubber in a marine environment: Comparison of accelerated ageing and long term exposure, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.97, issue.3, pp.288-296, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.015

Z. Ossefort and P. Testroet, Hydrolytic stability of urethan elastomers. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.1308-1327, 1966.

M. Rutkowska, . Krasowska, . Heimowska, H. Steinka, and . Janik, Degradation of polyurethanes in sea water, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.76, issue.2, pp.233-239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00019-8

V. Bellenger, . Ganem, J. Mortaigne, and . Verdu, Lifetime prediction in the hydrolytic ageing of polyesters, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.49, issue.1, pp.91-97, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-3910(95)00049-R

C. Hepburn, Polyurethane elastomers, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-2924-4

A. Ballara and J. Verdu, Physical aspects of the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.26, issue.4, pp.361-374, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-3910(89)90114-6

P. Gilormini, J. Richaud, and . Verdu, A statistical theory of polymer network degradation, Polymer, vol.55, issue.16, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059276

S. Murata, . Nakajima, . Tsuzaki, T. Yasuda, and . Kato, Synthesis and hydrolysis resistance of polyurethane derived from 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.61, issue.3, pp.61527-534, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00252-8

T. Chapman, Models for polyurethane hydrolysis under moderately acidic conditions: A comparative study of hydrolysis rates of urethanes, ureas, and amides, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol.27, issue.6, pp.1993-2005, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/pola.1989.080270620

P. Davies and G. Evrard, Accelerated ageing of polyurethanes for marine applications, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.92, issue.8, pp.1455-1464, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.016

S. Skinner and T. Drakeley, Water Absorption by Rubber. Part II. Vulcanized Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.12-23, 1933.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3547531

M. Celina, Review of polymer oxidation and its relationship with materials performance and lifetime prediction, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.98, issue.12, pp.2419-2429, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.024

J. Verdu, Oxydative Ageing of Polymers, 2012.

V. Coveney, Elastomers and components: Service life prediction-progress and challenges, 2006.
DOI : 10.1533/9781845691134

F. Mayo, Some New Ideas on Oxidation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.52, issue.7, pp.614-618, 1960.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50607a035

J. Shelton, Review of Basic Oxidation Processes in Elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.359-380, 1972.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3544717

A. Riaya, A. Shaw, and . Garton, Oxidation of elastomers in aqueous environments. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.775-785, 1994.

B. Benson and D. Krause-jr, The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere1, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.29, issue.3, pp.620-632, 1984.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1984.29.3.0620

W. Hawkins, M. Worthington, and W. Matreyek, Loss of antioxidants from polyethylene by evaporation and aqueous extraction, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.3, issue.9, pp.277-281, 1960.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1960.070030903

X. Colin, . Audouin, M. Verdu, . Rozental-evesque, . Rabaud et al., Aging of polyethylene pipes transporting drinking water disinfected by chlorine dioxide. I. Chemical aspects, Polymer Engineering & Science, vol.50, issue.383, pp.1429-1437, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/pen.21258

D. Tester, The Sorption of Water by Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.29, issue.4, pp.1321-1331, 1956.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3542635

J. Bolland, Kinetics of olefin oxidation, Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society, vol.3, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1949.
DOI : 10.1039/qr9490300001

M. Coquillat, . Verdu, . Colin, R. Audouin, and . Neviere, Thermal oxidation of polybutadiene. part 3: Molar mass changes of additivefree non-crosslinked polybutadiene. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.1343-1349, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199764

T. Ha-anh and T. Vu-khanh, Prediction of mechanical properties of polychloroprene during thermo-oxidative aging, Polymer Testing, vol.24, issue.6, pp.775-780, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2005.03.016

J. Baldwin, K. Bauer, and . Ellwood, Accelerated aging of tires, part iii. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.767-776, 2005.

A. Paeglis, A simple model for predicting heat aging of epdm rubber. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.242-256, 2004.

M. Celina, R. Gillen, and . Assink, Accelerated aging and lifetime prediction: Review of non-Arrhenius behaviour due to two competing processes, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.90, issue.3, pp.395-404, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.004

V. Le-saux, . Py-le-gac, S. Marco, and . Calloch, Limits in the validity of Arrhenius predictions for field ageing of a silica filled polychloroprene in a marine environment, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.99, pp.254-261, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.10.027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00949688

K. Gillen, . Celina, J. Clough, and . Wise, Extrapolation of accelerated aging data: Arrhenius or erroneous? Trends in polymer science, pp.250-257, 1997.

K. Gillen, R. Wise, and . Clough, General solution for the basic autoxidation scheme, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.47, issue.1, pp.149-161, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-3910(94)00105-H

J. Wise, R. Gillen, and . Clough, Quantitative model for the time development of diffusion-limited oxidation profiles, Polymer, vol.38, issue.8, pp.1929-1944, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00716-1

M. Celina, . Wise, . Dk-ottesen, R. Gillen, and . Clough, Correlation of chemical and mechanical property changes during oxidative degradation of neoprene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.68, issue.2, pp.171-184, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(99)00183-4

. Lm-rincon-rubio, . Fayolle, J. Audouin, and . Verdu, A general solution of the closed-loop kinetic scheme for the thermal oxidation of polypropylene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.74, issue.1, pp.177-188, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00154-9

E. Richaud, . Farcas, J. Fayolle, L. Audouin, and . Verdu, Hydroperoxide build-up in the thermal oxidation of polypropylene ??? A kinetic study, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.92, issue.1, pp.118-124, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.08.010

M. Coquillat, Vieillissement des propergolsàpropergolsà matricepolybutadì ene: modélisation cinétique de l'oxydation, 2007.

G. Li and J. Koenig, A review of rubber oxidation. Rubber Chemistry and technology, pp.355-390, 2005.

J. Shelton, Aging and Oxidation of Elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.30, issue.5, pp.1251-1290, 1957.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3542760

M. Celina, . Wise, . Dk-ottesen, R. Gillen, and . Clough, Oxidation profiles of thermally aged nitrile rubber. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.493-504, 1998.

M. Celina, . Graham, . Kt-gillen, L. Assink, and . Minier, Thermal degradation studies of a polyurethane propellant binder. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.678-693, 2000.

K. Gillen, D. Bernstein, and . Derzon, Evidence of non-Arrhenius behaviour from laboratory aging and 24-year field aging of polychloroprene rubber materials, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.87, issue.1, pp.57-67, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.06.010

T. Ha-anh and T. Vu-khanh, Effects of thermal aging on fracture performance of polychloroprene, Journal of Materials Science, vol.3, issue.5, pp.5243-5248, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10853-005-4418-x

G. Lake, Fracture mechanics and its application to failure in rubber articles. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.567-591, 2003.

K. Tsunoda, J. Busfield, C. Davies, and A. Thomas, Effect of materials variables on the tear behaviour of a non-crystallising elastomer, Journal of Materials Science, vol.35, issue.20, pp.5187-5198, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004860522186

A. Bhowmick, A. Gent, and C. Pulford, Tear strength of elastomers under threshold conditions. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.226-232, 1983.

L. Yanyo and F. Kelley, Effect of network chain length on the tearing energy master curves of poly (dimethyldiphenyl siloxane) Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.100-118, 1988.

L. Yanyo and F. Kelley, Effect of chain length distribution on the tearing energy of silicone elastomers. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.78-88, 1987.

J. Mark and M. Tang, Dependence of the elastomeric properties of bimodal networks on the lengths and amounts of the short chains, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, vol.22, issue.11, pp.1849-1855, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1984.180221101

R. Robinson, The vapour pressure and osmotic equivalence of sea water, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol.56, issue.02, pp.449-455, 1954.
DOI : 10.1017/S0025315400008468

M. Celina, A. Dayile, and . Quintana, A perspective on the inherent oxidation sensitivity of epoxy materials, Polymer, vol.54, issue.13, pp.3290-3296, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.042

K. Gillen, A. Clough, and . Quintana, Modulus profiling of polymers. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.31-47, 1987.

Y. Miyata and M. Atsumi, Spectroscopic studies on the initial stages of thermal degradation of polychloroprene, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol.26, issue.9, pp.2561-2572, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/pola.1988.080260925

H. Bailey, Rev Gen Caoutch Plast, p.1495, 1967.

J. Shelton, J. Pecsok, and . Koenig, Fourier Transform IR Studies of the Uninhibited Autoxidation of Elastomers, pp.75-96
DOI : 10.1021/bk-1979-0095.ch006

D. Cuccato, . Dossi, G. Moscatelli, and . Storti, A Density Functional Theory Study of Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) Free Radical Polymerization, Macromolecular Symposia, vol.38, issue.276, pp.100-109, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/masy.201000057

X. Colin, J. Audouin, and . Verdu, Kinetic modelling of the thermal oxidation of polyisoprene elastomers. part 3: Oxidation induced changes of elastic properties. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.906-914, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199728

F. Delor, . Lacoste, N. Lemaire, C. Barrois-oudin, and . Cardinet, Photo- and thermal ageing of polychloroprene: Effect of carbon black and crosslinking, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.53, issue.3, pp.361-369, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-3910(96)00097-3

A. Fraind, . Turncliff, . Fox, L. Sodano, and . Ryzhkov, Exceptionally high decarboxylation rate of a primary aliphatic acyloxy radical determined by radical product yield analysis and quantitative 1H-CIDNP spectroscopy, Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, vol.128, issue.21, pp.809-820, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/poc.1836

G. Socrates, Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies: tables and charts, 2004.

V. Arjunan, S. Subramanian, and . Mohan, Vibrational spectroscopic studies on trans-1, 4-polychloroprene, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, vol.27, issue.4, pp.423-432, 2003.

P. Gijsman and J. Sampers, The influence of oxygen pressure and temperature on the UV-degradation chemistry of polyethylene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.58, issue.1-2, pp.55-59, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00012-8

M. Coquillat, . Verdu, . Colin, R. Audouin, and . Neviere, Thermal oxidation of polybutadiene. Part 1: Effect of temperature, oxygen pressure and sample thickness on the thermal oxidation of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.92, issue.7, pp.1326-1333, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.020
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199764

F. Mayo, Relative Reactivities in Oxidations of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Models, Macromolecules, vol.11, issue.5, pp.942-946, 1978.
DOI : 10.1021/ma60065a020

S. Korcek, J. Chenier, K. Howard, and . Ingold, Absolute Rate Constants for Hydrocarbon Autoxidation. XXI. Activation Energies for Propagation and the Correlation of Propagation Rate Constants with Carbon???Hydrogen Bond Strengths, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol.50, issue.14, pp.2285-2297, 1972.
DOI : 10.1139/v72-365

J. Bolland and G. Gee, Kinetic studies in the chemistry of rubber and related materials. II. The kinetics of oxidation of unconjugated olefins, Transactions of the Faraday Society, vol.42, pp.236-243, 1946.
DOI : 10.1039/tf9464200236

J. Howard, Absolute Rate Constants for Hydrocarbon Autoxidation. XXII. The Autoxidation of some Vinyl Compounds, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol.50, issue.14, pp.2298-2304, 1972.
DOI : 10.1139/v72-366

K. Ingold, Inhibition of the Autoxidation of Organic Substances in the Liquid Phase., Chemical Reviews, vol.61, issue.6, pp.563-589, 1961.
DOI : 10.1021/cr60214a002

C. Sinturel and N. Billingham, A theoretical model for diffusion-limited oxidation applied to oxidation profiles monitored by chemiluminescence in hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene, Polymer International, vol.51, issue.9, pp.937-942, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1097-0126(200009)49:9<937::AID-PI399>3.0.CO;2-8

X. Colin, J. Audouin, and . Verdu, Kinetic modelling of the thermal oxidation of polyisoprene elastomers. part 1: unvulcanized unstabilized polyisoprene. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.886-897, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199728

M. Ben-hassine, Modélisation du vieillissement thermique et mécanique d'une protection externe en EPDM de jonctions rétractablesrétractablesà froid, 2013.

S. Kamaruddin, . Py-le-gac, A. Marco, and . Muhr, Formation of crust on natural rubber after ageing. Constitutive Models for Rubber VII, p.197, 2011.

D. Barnard, J. Cain, T. Cunneen, and . Houseman, Oxidation of Vulcanized Natural Rubber, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.381-401, 1972.
DOI : 10.5254/1.3544718

. Py-le-gac, . Roux, . Verdu, B. Davies, and . Fayolle, Oxidation of unvulcanized, unstabilized polychloroprene: A kinetic study, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.109, pp.175-183, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.06.019

E. Richaud, C. Monchy-leroy, L. Colin, J. Audouin, and . Verdu, Kinetic modelling of stabilization coupled with stabilizer loss by evaporation. Case of dithioester stabilized polyethylene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.94, issue.11, pp.942004-2014, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.017

M. Coquillat, . Verdu, . Colin, R. Audouin, and . Neviere, Thermal oxidation of polybutadiene. Part 2: Mechanistic and kinetic schemes for additive-free non-crosslinked polybutadiene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.92, issue.7, pp.1334-1342, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.019
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199764

J. Pospí?il, Chemical and photochemical behaviour of phenolic antioxidants in polymer stabilization?a state of the art report, part i. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.217-232, 1993.

J. Pospí?il, Chemical and photochemical behaviour of phenolic antioxidants in polymer stabilization: a state of the art report, part ii. Polymer degradation and stability, pp.103-115, 1993.

P. Calvert and N. Billingham, Loss of additives from polymers: A theoretical model, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.24, issue.2, pp.357-370, 1979.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1979.070240205

W. Dong and P. Gijsman, Influence of temperature on the thermo-oxidative degradation of polyamide 6 films, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.95, issue.6, pp.1054-1062, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.030

K. Gillen, R. Celina, and . Bernstein, Validation of improved methods for predicting long-term elastomeric seal lifetimes from compression stress???relaxation and oxygen consumption techniques, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.82, issue.1, pp.25-35, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00159-9

K. Gillen, R. Bernstein, M. Clough, and . Celina, Lifetime predictions for semi-crystalline cable insulation materials: I. Mechanical properties and oxygen consumption measurements on EPR materials, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol.91, issue.9, pp.2146-2156, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.01.009

M. Celina, An overview of the inherent oxidation sensitivity and diffusion limited oxidation behavior of epoxy materials, The Polymer Discussion Group -Paris, 2013.

M. Llorente, A. Andrady, and J. Mark, Model networks of end-linked polydimethylsiloxane chains. XI. Use of very short network chains to improve ultimate properties, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, vol.19, issue.4, pp.621-630, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1981.180190406

A. Cristiano, . Marcellan, . Bj-keestra, C. Steeman, and . Creton, Fracture of model polyurethane elastomeric networks, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.101, issue.5, pp.355-367, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/polb.22186

G. Lake and P. Lindley, The mechanical fatigue limit for rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.9, issue.4, pp.1233-1251, 1965.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1965.070090405

. Bnj-persson, . Albohr, H. Heinrich, and . Ueba, Crack propagation in rubber-like materials, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol.17, issue.44, p.1071, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-8984/17/44/R01

L. Yanyo, Effect of crosslink type on the fracture of natural rubber vulcanizates, International Journal of Fracture, vol.17, issue.1, pp.103-110, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00047443

S. Trabelsi, P. Albouy, and J. Rault, Crystallization and Melting Processes in Vulcanized Stretched Natural Rubber, Macromolecules, vol.36, issue.20, pp.7624-7639, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ma030224c

S. Amnuaypornsri, . Toki, J. Hsiao, and . Sakdapipanich, The effects of endlinking network and entanglement to stress???strain relation and strain-induced crystallization of un-vulcanized and vulcanized natural rubber, Polymer, vol.53, issue.15, pp.533325-3330, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.020

J. Chenal, . Chazeau, . Guy, C. Bomal, and . Gauthier, Molecular weight between physical entanglements in natural rubber: A critical parameter during strain-induced crystallization, Polymer, vol.48, issue.4, pp.1042-1046, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.031
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00434170

M. Tosaka, . Murakami, . Poompradub, Y. Kohjiya, . Ikeda et al., Orientation and Crystallization of Natural Rubber Network As Revealed by WAXD Using Synchrotron Radiation, Macromolecules, vol.37, issue.9, pp.3299-3309, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ma0355608

D. Goritz and A. Thomas, Effect of ageing on the ability of natural rubber to strain crystallise, Constitutive Models for Rubber III: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber, pp.15-17, 2003.

B. Huneau, Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber: a review of x-ray diffraction investigations. Rubber chemistry and technology, pp.425-452, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01007326

S. Kole, . Roy, and . Bhowmick, Influence of chemical interaction on the properties of silicone-EPDM rubber blend, Polymer, vol.36, issue.17, pp.3273-3277, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(95)99425-T

E. Planes, . Chazeau, J. Vigier, and . Fournier, Evolution of EPDM networks aged by gamma irradiation ??? Consequences on the mechanical properties, Polymer, vol.50, issue.16, pp.504028-4038, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.036
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539586

. Gueguen, Vieillissement d'´ elastomères utilisés comme isolantsélectriques isolantsélectriques en ambiance nucléaire, 1992.

Y. Merckel, . Diani, J. Brieu, and . Caillard, Effects of the amount of fillers and of the crosslink density on the mechanical behavior of carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubbers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.40, issue.4, pp.2086-2091, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/app.38925
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00996697

B. Fayolle, J. Tcharkhtchi, and . Verdu, Temperature and molecular weight dependence of fracture behaviour of polypropylene films, Polymer Testing, vol.23, issue.8, pp.939-947, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.04.013

T. Bárány, J. Czigány, and . Karger-kocsis, Application of the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept for polymers, related blends and composites: A review, Progress in Polymer Science, vol.35, issue.10, pp.1257-1287, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.001

O. Saito, Effects of High Energy Radiation on Polymers II. End-linking and Gel Fraction, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, vol.13, issue.12, pp.1451-1464, 1958.
DOI : 10.1143/JPSJ.13.1451

A. Charlesby and S. Pinner, Analysis of the Solubility Behaviour of Irradiated Polyethylene and Other Polymers, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.249, issue.1258, pp.367-386, 1258.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1959.0030

C. Roland, UNCONVENTIONAL RUBBER NETWORKS: CIRCUMVENTING THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol.86, issue.3, pp.351-366, 2013.
DOI : 10.5254/rct.13.86988

J. Barrie, Diffusion in polymers, chapter Water in polymers, 1968.

J. Barrie, A. Machin, and . Nunn, Transport of water in synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprenes and natural rubber, Polymer, vol.16, issue.11, pp.811-814, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(75)90112-3

K. Schult and D. Paul, Water sorption and transport in a series of polysulfones, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.34, issue.16, pp.2805-2817, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19961130)34:16<2805::AID-POLB13>3.0.CO;2-E

D. Yang, . Wj-koros, V. Hopfenberg, and . Stannett, Sorption and transport studies of water in Kapton polymide. I, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.30, issue.3, pp.1035-1047, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1985.070300313

S. Naudy, . Collette, . Thominette, E. Gebel, and . Espuche, Influence of hygrothermal aging on the gas and water transport properties of Nafion?? membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.451, pp.293-304, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.013
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00983564

K. Ashbee, R. Frank, and . Wyatt, Water Damage in Polyester Resins, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.300, issue.1463, pp.415-419, 1463.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1967.0179

L. Gautier, . Mortaigne, J. Bellenger, and . Verdu, Osmotic cracking nucleation in hydrothermal-aged polyester matrix, Polymer, vol.41, issue.7, pp.2481-2490, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00383-3

J. Mijovic and H. Zhang, Local Dynamics and Molecular Origin of Polymer Network???Water Interactions as Studied by Broadband Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy, FTIR, and Molecular Simulations, Macromolecules, vol.36, issue.4, pp.1279-1288, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ma021568q

G. Marque, . Neyertz, . Verdu, D. Prunier, and . Brown, Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Water in Amorphous Kapton, Macromolecules, vol.41, issue.9, pp.3349-3362, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ma702173j
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00315682

B. Zimm and J. Lundberg, Sorption of Vapors by High Polymers, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.60, issue.4, pp.425-428, 1956.
DOI : 10.1021/j150538a010

E. Gaudichet-maurin, Caractérisation et vieillissement d'une membrane d'ultrafiltration d'eau, 2005.

M. Gordon, . Hope, R. Loan, and . Roe, The Polymerization of Water in Benzene and Toluene, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.258, issue.1293, pp.215-236, 1293.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1960.0183

J. Barrie and B. Platt, The diffusion and clustering of water vapour in polymers, Polymer, vol.4, pp.303-313, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(63)90038-7

G. Xu, C. Gryte, . Nowick, Y. Li, S. Pak et al., Dielectric relaxation and deuteron NMR of water in polyimide films, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.66, issue.11, pp.665290-5296, 1989.
DOI : 10.1063/1.343719

B. Lim, K. Nowick, A. Lee, and . Viehbeck, Sorption of water and organic solutes in polyimide films and its effects on dielectric properties, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.31, issue.5, pp.31545-555, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/polb.1993.090310505

J. Crank, The mathematics of diffusion, 1975.

E. Guth and O. Gold, On the hydrodynamical theory of the viscosity of suspensions, Phys. Rev, vol.53, issue.322, pp.2-15, 1938.

. Afin, deséchantillonsdeséchantillons ontétéontété vieillis de façon accélérée en eau de mer. Les résultats expérimentaux ont mis enévidenceenévidence une forte absorption d'eau dans le CR ne permettant pas l'adaptation du modèle cinétique au milieu marin. L'origine de cette absorption d'eau a ´ etéetéétudiée en détail avec notamment l'utilisation d'essais DVS qui a permis de proposer un nouveau mécanisme de formation de cluster dans le polychloroprène. Ce mécanisme s'explique par une affinité de l'eau avec elle-même plus forte qu