D. Jargot, C. Hecht, A. Masson, O. Moulut, and B. Oury, Peinture en phase aqueuse pour l'industrie automobile, INRS, 1999.

M. Horgnies, Adhésion et adhérence entre les peintures automobiles et des adhésifs sensibles à la pression, Thèse Dr., Ecole des Mines de Paris, 2004.

H. Streitberger, K. W. Thomer, and H. Gehmecker, Automotive Paints and Coatings, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/9783527622375

B. Ramezanzadeh, M. Mohseni, H. Yari, and S. Sabbaghian, An evaluation of an automotive clear coat performance exposed to bird droppings under different testing approaches, Progress in Organic Coatings, vol.66, issue.2, pp.149-160, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2009.06.010

P. Bertrand-lambotte, Les mécanismes de rayure des vernis de finition automobile, Thèse Dr, 2001.

G. Mie, Contributions to the optics of turbid media, particularly of colloidal metal solutions, Ann. Phys, vol.25, issue.3, pp.377-445, 1908.

C. E. Bohren-ed and . Wiley, Absorption and scattering of light by small particles, pp.1983-1984, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/9783527618156

C. Andraud and J. Lafait, Détermination des propriétés optiques de matériaux granulaires, Thèse Dr, 2012.

M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and D. W. Mackowski, Journal of quantitative spectroscopy & radiative transfer T -matrix method and its applications to electromagnetic scattering by particles: a current perspective, pp.1700-1703, 2010.

L. Simonot, Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la diffusion de la lumière dans une couche de peinture colorée et translucide, Thèse Dr, 2003.

J. Strutt, On the Light from the Sky, its Polarization and Colour, Philos. Mag, vol.41, pp.107-120, 1871.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511703966.009

R. Carminati, Introduction aux transferts radiatifs, 2009.

W. E. Vargas and G. A. Niklasson, Applicability conditions of the Kubelka???Munk theory, Applied Optics, vol.36, issue.22, pp.5580-5586, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.36.005580

D. Jeulin, Random texture models for material structures, Statistics and Computing, vol.10, issue.2, pp.121-132, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008942325749

A. Jean, D. Jeulin, S. Forest, S. Cantournet, and F. N-'guyen, A multiscale microstructure model of carbon black distribution in rubber, Journal of Microscopy, vol.49, issue.21, pp.243-260, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03428.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00585338

F. Willot and D. Jeulin, Elastic behavior of composites containing Boolean random sets of inhomogeneities, International Journal of Engineering Science, vol.47, issue.2, pp.313-324, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2008.09.016
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00426398

J. T. Kajiya, The rendering equation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, vol.20, issue.4, pp.143-150, 1986.
DOI : 10.1145/15886.15902

J. Wang, W. B. White, and J. H. Adair, Optical Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesized Hematite Particulate Pigments, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol.41, issue.1, pp.3449-3454, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-1098(77)90137-5

M. V. Nikolic, M. P. Slankamenac, N. Nikolic, D. L. Sekulic, O. S. Aleksic et al., Study of dielectric behavior and electrical properties of hematite ??-Fe2O3 doped with Zn, Science of Sintering, vol.44, issue.3, pp.307-321, 2012.
DOI : 10.2298/SOS1203307N

M. Tadi?, N. ?itakovi?, M. Panjan, Z. Stojanovi?, D. Markovi? et al., Synthesis, morphology, microstructure and magnetic properties of hematite submicron particles, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol.509, issue.28, pp.7639-7644, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.117

M. Vujtek, R. Zboril, R. Kubinek, and M. Mashlan, Ultrafine particles of iron (III) oxides by view of AFM ? Novel route for study of polymorphism in nano-world

R. M. Cornell and U. Schwertmann, The Iron Oxides, pp.3-527, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/3527602097

S. B. Hendricks, Crystal structure determinations, Thèse Dr, 1926.

L. Pauling and S. B. Hendricks, THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF HEMATITE AND CORUNDUM, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.47, issue.3, pp.781-790, 1925.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01680a027

R. L. Blake, H. Re, T. Zoltai, and L. W. Finger, Refinement of the hematite structure, Am. Mineral, vol.51, issue.12, pp.123-129, 1966.

T. Prasad-yadav, R. Manohar-yadav, and D. P. Singh, Mechanical Milling: a Top Down Approach for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol.2, issue.3, pp.22-48, 2012.
DOI : 10.5923/j.nn.20120203.01

M. Diouf, Synthèse de nanoparticules par ablation laser en liquide et étude de leurs propriétés optiques, Thèse Dr, 2013.

S. Boumaza, A. Boudjemaa, S. Omeiri, R. Bouarab, A. Bouguelia et al., Physical and photoelectrochemical characterizations of hematite ??-Fe2O3: Application to photocatalytic oxygen evolution, Solar Energy, vol.84, issue.4, pp.715-721, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solener.2010.01.025

K. Woo, H. J. Lee, J. P. Ahn, and Y. S. Park, Sol???Gel Mediated Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanorods, Advanced Materials, vol.15, issue.20, pp.1761-1764, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200305561

T. Sugimoto and Y. Wang, Mechanism of the Shape and Structure Control of Monodispersed ??-Fe2O3Particles by Sulfate Ions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.207, issue.1, pp.137-149, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.1998.5741

L. H. Han, H. Liu, and Y. Wei, In situ synthesis of hematite nanoparticles using a low-temperature microemulsion method, Powder Technology, vol.207, issue.1-3, pp.42-46, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.10.008

X. C. Jiang, A. B. Yu, W. R. Yang, Y. Ding, C. X. Xu et al., Synthesis and growth of hematite nanodiscs through a facile hydrothermal approach, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol.224, issue.1???3, pp.877-893, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11051-009-9636-8

E. Matijevi? and P. Scheiner, Ferric hydrous oxide sols, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.63, issue.3, pp.509-524, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9797(78)80011-3

J. Jolivet, De la solution à l'oxyde, InterEditions/CNRS Editions, pp.68-72, 1994.

Y. Xu, S. Yang, G. Zhang, Y. Sun, D. Gao et al., Uniform hematite ??-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: Morphology, size-controlled hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism, Materials Letters, vol.65, issue.12, pp.1911-1914, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.03.085

Q. J. Sun, X. G. Lu, and G. Y. Liang, Controlled template-free hydrothermal synthesis of hematite nanoplatelets, Materials Letters, vol.64, issue.18, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.06.025

M. Cao, T. Liu, S. Gao, G. Sun, X. Wu et al., Single-Crystal Dendritic Micro-Pines of Magnetic ??-Fe2O3: Large-Scale Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.48, issue.27, pp.4197-4201, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200500448

Z. Pu, M. Cao, J. Yang, K. Huang, and C. Hu, Controlled synthesis and growth mechanism of hematite nanorhombohedra, nanorods and nanocubes, Nanotechnology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.799-804, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-4484/17/3/031

S. Wang, Y. Min, and S. Yu, Synthesis and magnetic properties of uniform hematite nanocubes synthesis and magnetic properties of uniform hematite nanocubes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.111, issue.9, pp.3551-3554, 2007.

M. Goti?, G. Dra?i?, and S. Musi?, Hydrothermal synthesis of ??-Fe2O3 nanorings with the help of divalent metal cations, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol.993, issue.1-3, pp.167-176, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.12.063

X. Hu and J. C. Yu, Continuous Aspect-Ratio Tuning and Fine Shape Control of Monodisperse??-Fe2O3 Nanocrystals by a Programmed Microwave???Hydrothermal Method, Advanced Functional Materials, vol.59, issue.6, pp.880-887, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/adfm.200700671

J. Jolivet, E. Tronc, and C. Chanéac, Iron oxides: from molecular clusters to solid. A nice example of chemical versatility, Comptes Rendus ? Geoscience, vol.338, pp.6-7, 2006.

Y. Xia, P. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, B. Mayers et al., One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, Advanced Materials, vol.15, issue.5, pp.353-389, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200390087

S. Wang, W. Wang, P. Zhan, and S. Jiao, Nanospheres Synthesized Using a Carbon Template as Novel Anode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries, ChemElectroChem, vol.132, issue.10, pp.1636-1639, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/celc.201402208

J. Yue, X. Jiang, Q. Zeng, and A. Yu, Experimental and numerical study of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-directed synthesis of goethite nanorods, Solid State Sciences, vol.12, issue.7, pp.1152-1159, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.04.003

T. Almeida, Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterisation of ?-Fe2O3 nanorods, 2010.

K. Ståhl, K. Nielsen, J. Jiang, B. Lebech, J. C. Hanson et al., On the akagan??ite crystal structure, phase transformations and possible role in post-excavational corrosion of iron artifacts, Corrosion Science, vol.45, issue.11, pp.2563-2575, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00078-7

Z. Zhang, C. Boxall, and G. H. , Photoelectrophoresis of colloidal iron oxides, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1993.

M. Kerker, P. Scheiner, D. Cooke, and J. , Absorption index and color of colloidal hematite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.71, issue.1, pp.176-187, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9797(79)90231-5

S. Zeng, K. Tang, and T. Li, Controlled synthesis of ??-Fe2O3 nanorods and its size-dependent optical absorption, electrochemical, and magnetic properties, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.312, issue.2, pp.513-521, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.03.046

P. Sun, C. Wang, X. Zhou, P. Cheng, K. Shimanoe et al., Cu-doped ??-Fe2O3 hierarchical microcubes: Synthesis and gas sensing properties, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.193, pp.616-622, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.015

S. I. Srikrishna-ramya and C. K. Mahadevan, Preparation and structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical characterization of Mn2+/Co2+/Cu2+ doped hematite nanocrystals, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol.211, pp.37-50, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.11.022

V. Y. Kazimirov, M. B. Smirnov, L. Bourgeois, L. Guerlou-demourgues, L. Servant et al., Atomic structure and lattice dynamics of Ni and Mg hydroxides, Solid State Ionics, vol.181, issue.39-40, pp.39-40, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.10.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00549351

C. Coudun, Effets du dodécylsulfate sur la précipitation d'hydroxydes de nickel, Thèse Dr., Ecole des Mines de Paris, 2006.

C. Coudun and J. F. Hochepied, Nickel Hydroxide ???Stacks of Pancakes??? Obtained by the Coupled Effect of Ammonia and Template Agent, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.13, pp.6069-6074, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0466441
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00018151

A. P. De-moura, R. C. Lima, E. C. Paris, M. S. Li, J. A. Varela et al., Formation of ??-nickel hydroxide plate-like structures under mild conditions and their optical properties, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol.184, issue.10, pp.2818-2823, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.08.027

D. Yang, R. Wang, M. He, J. Zhang, and Z. Liu, Ribbon- and Boardlike Nanostructures of Nickel Hydroxide:?? Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.16, pp.7654-7658, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp050083b

G. Soler-illia and M. Jobbágy, Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide by Homogeneous Alkalinization. Precipitation Mechanism, Chemistry of Materials, vol.11, issue.11, pp.3140-3146, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/cm9902220

G. Defontaine, L. J. Michot, I. Bihannic, J. Ghanbaja, and V. Briois, Solution, Langmuir, vol.20, issue.22, pp.9834-9843, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/la048652e

M. El-kemary, N. Nagy, and I. , Nickel oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and spectral studies of interactions with glucose, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol.16, issue.6, pp.1747-1752, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mssp.2013.05.018

J. F. Goodman, The Decomposition of Magnesium Hydroxide in an Electron Microscope, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.247, issue.1250, pp.346-352, 1958.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1958.0188

C. Cronan, F. Micale, M. Topi?, H. Leidheiser, A. Zettlemoyer et al., Surface properties of Ni(OH)2 and NiO. II. Mechanism for the thermal decomposition of Ni(OH)2 and other metal hydroxides, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.55, issue.3, pp.546-557, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9797(76)90065-5

X. Wang, L. Wan, T. Yu, Y. Zhou, J. Guan et al., Non-basic solution eco-routes to nano-scale NiO with different shapes: Synthesis and application, Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol.126, issue.3, pp.494-499, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.01.040

H. Inc, Aqualon -Ethylcellulose (EC) Physical and Chemicals Properties, p.35, 2002.

P. Bardonnet, Résines époxydes (EP) -Composants et propriétés, p.2014, 1992.

J. L. Elias, La couleur : lumière, vision et matériaux, 2006.

F. Goubin, Relation entre fonction diélectrique et propriétés optiques, 2003.

R. J. Archer and G. W. Gobeli, Measurement of oxygen adsorption on silicon by ellipsometry, Solid State Communications, vol.2, issue.9, 1964.

P. Callet, Couleur et apparence visuelle -L'aspect métallique, 2014.

A. Keita, Etude par ellipsométrie spectroscopique des effets de taille sur les propriétés optiques de films minces composites à matrice diélectrique et du silicium nanostructuré, 2012.

H. Fujiwara, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry: Principles and Applications, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470060193

C. T. Chen and B. D. Cahan, Visible and ultraviolet optical properties of single-crystal and polycristalline hematite measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry, pp.932-934, 1981.

K. Vedam, Spectroscopic ellipsometry: a historical overview, Thin Solid Films, vol.313, issue.314, pp.313-314, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00762-1

S. N. Jasperson and S. E. Schnatterly, An Improved Method for High Reflectivity Ellipsometry Based on a New Polarization Modulation Technique, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.40, issue.6, pp.761-767, 1969.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1684062

P. L. Potapov, H. J. Engelmann, E. Zschech, and M. Stöger-pollach, Measuring the dielectric constant of materials from valence EELS, Micron, vol.40, issue.2, pp.262-268, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micron.2008.07.006

L. Laffont, M. Monthioux, and V. Serin, Plasmon as a tool for in situ evaluation of physical properties for carbon materials, Carbon, vol.40, issue.5, pp.767-780, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00196-8

R. D. Leapman, J. A. Hunt, R. A. Buchanan, and S. B. Andrews, Measurement of low calcium concentrations in cryosectioned cells by parallel-EELS mapping, Ultramicroscopy, vol.49, issue.1-4, pp.1-4, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3991(93)90229-Q

N. J. Zaluzec, K-and L-shell cross sections for X-ray microanalysis in an AEM, Anal. Electron Microsc, vol.351, 1984.

R. F. Egerton, Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Electron Microscope, 2011.

J. Daniels, C. Von-festenberg, H. Raether, and K. Zeppenfeld, Optical constants of solids by electron spectroscopy, pp.77-135, 1970.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01326444

D. Bohm and D. Pines, A Collective Description of Electron Interactions: III. Coulomb Interactions in a Degenerate Electron Gas, Physical Review, vol.92, issue.3, pp.609-625, 1953.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.92.609

N. D. Mermin, Lindhard Dielectric Function in the Relaxation-Time Approximation, Physical Review B, vol.1, issue.5, pp.2362-2363, 1970.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.1.2362

J. R. Gibbons, P. C. Schnatterly, S. E. Ritsko, and J. J. Fields, Line shape of the plasma resonance in simple metals, Physical Review B, vol.13, issue.6, pp.2451-2460, 1976.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.2451

Z. H. Levine and S. G. Louie, New model dielectric function and exchange-correlation potential for semiconductors and insulators, Physical Review B, vol.25, issue.10, pp.6310-6316, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.25.6310

P. Nozières and D. Pines, Electron Interaction in Solids. Characteristic Energy Loss Spectrum, Physical Review, vol.113, issue.5, pp.1254-1267, 1959.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.113.1254

H. Raether, Excitation of Plasmons and Interband Transitions by Electron, Physics, vol.88, pp.2001-2002, 1980.

B. Rafferty, S. J. Pennycook, and L. M. Brown, Zero loss peak deconvolution for bandgap EEL spectra, Journal of Electron Microscopy, vol.49, issue.4, pp.517-524, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023838

P. Fallon and C. A. Walsh, Peels program, 1996.

F. Wang, R. Egerton, and M. Malac, Fourier-ratio deconvolution techniques for electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), Ultramicroscopy, vol.109, issue.10, pp.1245-1249, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.05.011

L. Normand, Proprietes dielectriques locales et structure atomique des parois de domaines ferroelectriques dans le titanate de baryum, 1996.

J. Vura-weis, C. Jiang, C. Liu, H. Gao, J. M. Lucas et al., Femtosecond M 2,3 -Edge Spectroscopy of Transition-Metal Oxides: Photoinduced Oxidation State Change in ? -Fe 2 O 3, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, pp.3667-3671, 2013.

N. P. Ryde and E. Matijevi?, Color effects of uniform colloidal particles of different morphologies packed into films, Applied Optics, vol.33, issue.31, pp.7275-7281, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.33.007275

L. A. Marusak, R. Messier, and W. B. White, Optical absorption spectrum of hematite, ??Fe2O3 near IR to UV, Solid State Communications, vol.34, issue.12, p.iv, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-1098(80)91129-1

H. M. Fan, G. J. You, Y. Li, Z. Zheng, H. R. Tan et al., Shape- Controlled Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Fe 2 O 3 Hollow Nanocrystals and Their Tunable Optical Properties, J. Phys. Chem. C, issue.113, pp.9928-9935, 2009.

S. P. Sipyun and J. Lee, Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 2009.

G. W. Milton, Theory of Composites, p.752, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511613357

Z. Hashin and S. Shtrikman, A Variational Approach to the Theory of the Effective Magnetic Permeability of Multiphase Materials, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.33, issue.10, pp.3125-3131, 1962.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1728579

J. C. Garnett, Colours in Metal Glasses, in Metallic Films, and in Metallic Solutions. II, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.205, pp.387-401, 1906.

F. Willot, B. Abdallah, and Y. P. Pellegrini, Fourier-based schemes with modified Green operator for computing the electrical response of heterogeneous media with accurate local fields, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.94, issue.6, pp.518-533, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.4641
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00840986

E. Couka, Modélisation des propriétés optiques de peintures par microstructures aléatoires et calculs numériques FFT, 2015.