R. Adner and P. Zemsky, Disruptive Technologies and the Emergence of Competition, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.36, issue.2, pp.229-254, 2005.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.293686

G. Ahuja, Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.45, issue.3, pp.425-455, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/2667105

G. Ahuja, The duality of collaboration: inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages, Strategic Management Journal, vol.43, issue.11, pp.317-343, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<317::AID-SMJ90>3.0.CO;2-B

J. Alcacer and W. Chung, Location Strategies and Knowledge Spillovers, Management Science, vol.53, issue.5, pp.760-776, 2007.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0637

J. Alcacer and M. Gittelman, Patent Citations as a Measure of Knowledge Flows: The Influence of Examiner Citations, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.88, issue.4, pp.774-779, 2006.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1040.0208

H. Aldrich and D. Herker, Boundary spanning roles and organization structure, Academy of Management Review, vol.2, issue.2, pp.217-230, 1977.

J. Allen, A. D. James, and P. Gamlen, Formal versus informal knowledge networks in R&D: a case study using social network analysis, R&D Management, vol.17, issue.3, pp.179-196, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/255825

T. J. Allen, Managing the flow of scientific and technological information. Unpublished doctoral thesis, 1966.

T. J. Allen and S. I. Cohen, Information Flow in Research and Development Laboratories, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.14, issue.1, pp.12-19, 1969.
DOI : 10.2307/2391357

P. Allison, When can you safely ignore multicollinearity? Statistical Horizons, 2012.

P. Allison, Beware of software for fixed effects negative binomial regression. Statistical Horizons, 2012.

P. D. Allison and R. P. Waterman, 7. Fixed-Effects Negative Binomial Regression Models, Sociological Methodology, vol.58, issue.1, pp.247-265, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511814365

S. Aral and M. Van-alstyne, The Diversity-Bandwidth Trade-off, American Journal of Sociology, vol.117, issue.1, pp.90-171, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/661238

L. Argote and P. Ingram, Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol.82, issue.1, pp.150-169, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/obhd.2000.2893

L. Argote, B. Mcevily, and R. Reagans, Managing Knowledge in Organizations: An Integrative Framework and Review of Emerging Themes, Management Science, vol.49, issue.4, pp.571-582, 2003.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.4.571.14424

L. Argote and Y. Ren, Transactive Memory Systems: A Microfoundation of Dynamic Capabilities, Journal of Management Studies, vol.13, issue.8, pp.49-1375, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01077.x

A. Arora and A. Gambardella, Complementarity and External Linkages: The Strategies of the Large Firms in Biotechnology, The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol.38, issue.4, pp.361-379, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2098345

R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny, The moderator???mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1173-1182, 1986.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

B. Baysinger and R. E. Hoskisson, DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY AND R&D INTENSITY IN MULTIPRODUCT FIRMS., Academy of Management Journal, vol.32, issue.2, pp.310-332, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/256364

H. Berends, E. Van-burg, and E. M. Van-raaij, Contacts and Contracts: Cross-Level Network Dynamics in the Development of an Aircraft Material, Organization Science, vol.22, issue.4, pp.940-960, 2011.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1100.0578

L. Bizzi, The Dark Side of Structural Holes, Journal of Management, vol.52, issue.6, pp.1554-1578, 2013.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511815478

S. P. Borgatti and R. Cross, A Relational View of Information Seeking and Learning in Social Networks, Management Science, vol.49, issue.4, pp.432-445, 2003.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.4.432.14428

S. P. Borgatti and P. C. Foster, The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology, Journal of Management, vol.29, issue.6, pp.991-1013, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00087-4

I. Bouty, INTERPERSONAL AND INTERACTION INFLUENCES ON INFORMAL RESOURCE EXCHANGES BETWEEN R&D RESEARCHERS ACROSS ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES., Academy of Management Journal, vol.43, issue.1, pp.50-65, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/1556385

J. P. Davis and K. M. Eisenhardt, Rotating Leadership and Collaborative Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.42, issue.2, pp.159-201, 2011.
DOI : 10.2307/2096399

J. P. Davis, K. M. Eisenhardt, and C. B. Bingham, DEVELOPING THEORY THROUGH SIMULATION METHODS., Academy of Management Review, vol.32, issue.2, pp.480-499, 2007.
DOI : 10.5465/AMR.2007.24351453

D. Vet, J. M. Scott, and A. J. , The Southern Californian medical device industry: Innovation, new firm formation, and location, Research Policy, vol.21, issue.2, pp.145-161, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(92)90038-6

C. Dhanaraj and A. Parkhe, ORCHESTRATING INNOVATION NETWORKS., Academy of Management Review, vol.31, issue.3, pp.659-669, 2006.
DOI : 10.5465/AMR.2006.21318923

G. Dosi, Technological paradigms and technological trajectories, Research Policy, vol.11, issue.3, pp.147-162, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6

J. H. Dyer, Effective interim collaboration: how firms minimize transaction costs and maximise transaction value, Strategic Management Journal, vol.18, issue.7, pp.535-556, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<535::AID-SMJ885>3.0.CO;2-Z

M. Easterby-smith, M. A. Lyles, and E. W. Tsang, Inter-Organizational Knowledge Transfer: Current Themes and Future Prospects, Journal of Management Studies, vol.40, issue.4, pp.677-690, 2008.
DOI : 10.2307/4134351

C. Fang, J. Lee, and M. A. Schilling, Balancing Exploration and Exploitation Through Structural Design: The Isolation of Subgroups and Organizational Learning, Organization Science, vol.21, issue.3, pp.625-642, 2010.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1090.0468

R. Fang, M. K. Duffy, and J. D. Shaw, The Organizational Socialization Process: Review and Development of a Social Capital Model, Journal of Management, vol.17, issue.1, pp.127-152, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206310384630

T. Felin, N. J. Foss, K. H. Heimeriks, and T. L. Madsen, Microfoundations of Routines and Capabilities: Individuals, Processes, and Structure, Journal of Management Studies, vol.26, issue.11, pp.49-1351, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01052.x

P. C. Fiss, A SET-THEORETIC APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIGURATIONS., Academy of Management Review, vol.32, issue.4, pp.1180-1198, 2007.
DOI : 10.5465/AMR.2007.26586092

L. Fleming, Recombinant Uncertainty in Technological Search, Management Science, vol.47, issue.1, pp.117-132, 2001.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.117.10671

L. Fleming, C. King, and A. I. Juda, Small Worlds and Regional Innovation, Organization Science, vol.18, issue.6, pp.938-954, 2007.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1070.0289

L. Fleming, S. Mingo, and D. Chen, Collaborative Brokerage, Generative Creativity, and Creative Success, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.52, issue.3, pp.443-475, 2007.
DOI : 10.2189/asqu.52.3.443

L. Fleming and O. Sorenson, Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data, Research Policy, vol.30, issue.7, pp.1019-1039, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00135-9

L. Fleming and O. Sorenson, Science as a map in technological search, Strategic Management Journal, vol.25, pp.8-9, 2004.

L. C. Freeman, A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness, Sociometry, vol.40, issue.1, pp.35-41, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/3033543

R. Funk, Making the Most of Where You Are: Geography, Networks, and Innovation in Organizations, Academy of Management Journal, vol.57, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.5465/amj.2012.0585

M. Garcia-vega, Does technological diversification promote innovation?, Research Policy, vol.35, issue.2, pp.230-246, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2005.09.006

R. Garud and P. R. Nayyar, Transformative capacity: Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer, Strategic Management Journal, vol.27, issue.5, pp.365-385, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250150504

J. H. Gittell and L. Weiss, Coordination Networks Within and Across Organizations: A Multi-level Framework*, Journal of Management Studies, vol.41, issue.1, pp.127-153, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00424.x

M. Granovetter, The Strength of Weak Ties, American Journal of Sociology, vol.78, issue.6, pp.1360-1380, 1973.
DOI : 10.1086/225469

R. M. Grant, Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal, vol.18, issue.4, pp.109-122, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250171110

H. R. Greve, D. Strang, and N. B. Tuma, Specification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Diffusion Models, Sociological methodology, pp.377-420, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/271072

K. Grigoriou and F. T. Rothaermel, Structural Microfoundations of Innovation, Journal of Management, vol.88, issue.2, pp.586-615, 2014.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.13.3.339.2780

R. Gulati, DOES FAMILIARITY BREED TRUST? THE IMPLICATIONS OF REPEATED TIES FOR CONTRACTUAL CHOICE IN ALLIANCES., Academy of Management Journal, vol.38, issue.1, pp.85-112, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/256729

I. Guler and A. Nerkar, The impact of global and local cohesion on innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.111, issue.2, pp.535-549, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.957

A. K. Gupta and V. Govindarajan, Knowledge flows within multinational corporations, Strategic Management Journal, vol.18, issue.4, pp.473-496, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200004)21:4<473::AID-SMJ84>3.0.CO;2-I

A. K. Gupta, P. E. Tesluk, and M. S. Taylor, Innovation At and Across Multiple Levels of Analysis, Organization Science, vol.18, issue.6, pp.885-897, 2007.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1070.0337

B. H. Hall, A. B. Jaffe, and M. Trajtenberg, Market value and patent citations: A first look, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
DOI : 10.3386/w7741

B. H. Hall, A. B. Jaffe, and M. Trajtenberg, The NBER patent citation data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
DOI : 10.3386/w8498

G. Hamel, Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances, Strategic Management Journal, vol.7, issue.S1, pp.83-103, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250120908

B. H. Hamilton and J. A. Nickerson, Correcting for Endogeneity in Strategic Management Research, Strategic Organization, vol.1, issue.1, pp.51-78, 2003.
DOI : 10.1177/1476127003001001218

J. A. Hansen, Innovation, firm size, and firm age, Small Business Economics, vol.4, issue.1, pp.37-44, 1992.

M. T. Hansen, The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.44, issue.1, pp.82-111, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/2667032

F. Harary and M. F. Batell, What is a system? Social Networks, pp.29-40, 1981.

J. W. Hardin and J. M. Hilbe, Generalized estimating equations, 2003.

A. Hargadon and R. I. Sutton, Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.42, issue.4, pp.716-749, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2393655

J. Hausman, B. H. Hall, and Z. Griliches, Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R & D Relationship, Econometrica, vol.52, issue.4, pp.909-938, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/1911191

R. M. Henderson and K. B. Clark, Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.35, issue.1, pp.9-30, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2393549

A. M. Hess and F. T. Rothaermel, When are assets complementary? star scientists, strategic alliances, and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.88, issue.1, pp.895-909, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.916

J. M. Hilbe, Negative binomial regression Cambridge (UK), 2011.

M. A. Hitt, P. W. Beamish, S. E. Jackson, and J. E. Mathieu, BUILDING THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL BRIDGES ACROSS LEVELS: MULTILEVEL RESEARCH IN MANAGEMENT., Academy of Management Journal, vol.50, issue.6, pp.50-1385, 2007.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2007.28166219

H. Hoang and F. T. Rothaermel, Leveraging internal and external experience: exploration, exploitation, and R&D project performance, Strategic Management Journal, vol.13, issue.6, pp.31-734, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.834

M. Holmqvist, A Dynamic Model of Intra-and Interorganizational Learning, Organization Studies, vol.98, issue.1, pp.95-123, 2003.
DOI : 10.1177/0170840603024001684

R. House, D. M. Rousseau, and M. Thomas-hunt, The meso paradigm: A framework for the integration of micro and macro organizational behavior Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, pp.71-114, 1995.

Y. Huang, Y. Luo, Y. Liu, and Q. Yang, An Investigation of Interpersonal Ties in Interorganizational Exchanges in Emerging Markets: A Boundary-Spanning Perspective, Journal of Management, vol.42, issue.6, 2013.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206313511115

C. Hussler and P. Rondé, The impact of cognitive communities on the diffusion of academic knowledge: Evidence from the networks of inventors of a French university, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.2, pp.288-302, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2006.11.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00279222

H. Ibarra, NETWORK CENTRALITY, POWER, AND INNOVATION INVOLVEMENT: DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ROLES., Academy of Management Journal, vol.36, issue.3, pp.471-501, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/256589

A. C. Inkpen, Learning Through Joint Ventures: A Framework Of Knowledge Acquisition, Journal of Management Studies, vol.37, issue.7, pp.1019-1044, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-6486.00215

M. Janowicz-panjaitan and N. G. Noorderhaven, Formal and informal interorganizational learning within strategic alliances, Research Policy, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1337-1355, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.025

M. Janowicz-panjaitan and N. G. Noorderhaven, Trust, Calculation, and Interorganizational Learning of Tacit Knowledge: An Organizational Roles Perspective, Organization Studies, vol.30, issue.10, pp.1021-1044, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/0170840609337933

S. L. Jarvenpaa and A. Majchrzak, Knowledge Collaboration Among Professionals Protecting National Security: Role of Transactive Memories in Ego-Centered Knowledge Networks, Organization Science, vol.19, issue.2, pp.260-276, 2008.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1070.0315

J. Joseph, A. Chatterji, and C. Cunningham, How do capability gaps drive reconfiguration? Evidence from U.S. medical technology industry sales force strategies, Presented at the SMS 33rd Annual International Conference, 2013.

S. Karim and W. Mitchell, Path-dependent and path-breaking change: Reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the US medical sector, Strategic Management Journal, vol.21, pp.10-11, 1978.

R. Katz and T. J. Allen, Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome: A look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R & D Project Groups, R&D Management, vol.26, issue.1, pp.7-20, 1982.
DOI : 10.1177/001872677302600409

R. T. Keller and W. E. Holland, BOUNDARY-SPANNING ROLES IN A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION., Academy of Management Journal, vol.18, issue.2, pp.388-393, 1975.
DOI : 10.2307/255542

T. Khanna, R. Gulati, and N. Nohria, The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope, Strategic Management Journal, vol.19, issue.3, pp.193-210, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<193::AID-SMJ949>3.0.CO;2-C

S. Kim, Z. J. Zhao, and J. Anand, Knowledge complexity and the performance of inter-unit knowledge transfer structures, Presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 2014.

K. J. Klein and S. W. Kozlowski, From Micro to Meso: Critical Steps in Conceptualizing and Conducting Multilevel Research, Organizational Research Methods, vol.3, issue.3, pp.211-236, 2000.
DOI : 10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.85

K. Knorr-cetina, Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge, 1999.

B. Kogut and U. Zander, Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology, Organization Science, vol.3, issue.3, pp.383-397, 1992.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.3.3.383

T. Kostova and K. Roth, Social capital in multinational corporations and a micro-macro model of its formation, Academy of Management Review, vol.28, issue.2, pp.297-317, 2003.

S. W. Kozlowski, G. T. Chao, J. A. Grand, M. T. Braun, and G. Kuljanin, Advancing Multilevel Research Design, Organizational Research Methods, vol.2, issue.4, pp.581-615, 2013.
DOI : 10.1177/0021886391272001

D. Krackhardt, The strength of strong ties: The importance of philos in organizations, Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action, pp.216-239, 1992.

R. Krishnan, X. Martin, and N. G. Noorderhaven, WHEN DOES TRUST MATTER TO ALLIANCE PERFORMANCE?, Academy of Management Journal, vol.49, issue.5, pp.894-917, 2006.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2006.22798171

N. Lahiri, Geographic Distribution of R&D Activity: How Does it Affect Innovation Quality?, Academy of Management Journal, vol.53, issue.5, pp.1194-1209, 2010.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2010.54533233

P. J. Lane, B. R. Koka, and S. Pathak, THE REIFICATION OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND REJUVENATION OF THE CONSTRUCT., Academy of Management Review, vol.31, issue.4, pp.31-833, 2006.
DOI : 10.5465/AMR.2006.22527456

B. Latour and S. Woolgar, Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts, 2013.

D. Lavie, The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view, Academy of Management Review, issue.3, pp.31-638, 2006.

P. R. Lawrence and J. W. Lorsch, Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.12, issue.1, pp.1-47, 1967.
DOI : 10.2307/2391211

E. Lazega, M. Jourda, L. Mounier, and R. Stofer, Catching up with big fish in the big pond? Multi-level network analysis through linked design, Social Networks, vol.30, issue.2, pp.159-176, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socnet.2008.02.001

E. Lazega, L. Mounier, M. Jourda, . Se, and R. Stofer, Organizational vs. personal social capital in scientists' performance: A multi-level network study of elite French cancer researchers, 1996.

D. Lazer and A. Friedman, The Network Structure of Exploration and Exploitation, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.28, issue.4, pp.667-694, 2007.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511815478

E. Lee, J. Lee, and J. Lee, Reconsideration of the Winner-Take-All Hypothesis: Complex Networks and Local Bias, Management Science, vol.52, issue.12, pp.1838-1848, 2006.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0571

J. P. Liebeskind, A. L. Oliver, L. Zucker, and M. Brewer, Social networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms, Organization Science, vol.7, issue.4, pp.428-443, 1996.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.7.4.428

J. G. March, Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning, Organization Science, vol.2, issue.1, pp.71-87, 1991.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.2.1.71

J. A. Marrone, Team Boundary Spanning: A Multilevel Review of Past Research and Proposals for the Future, Journal of Management, vol.22, issue.4, pp.911-940, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206309353945

S. F. Matusik and M. B. Heeley, Absorptive Capacity in the Software Industry: Identifying Dimensions That Affect Knowledge and Knowledge Creation Activities, Journal of Management, vol.31, issue.4, pp.549-572, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206304272293

R. G. Mcgrath, M. Tsai, S. Venkataraman, and I. C. Macmillan, Innovation, Competitive Advantage and Rent: A Model and Test, Management Science, vol.42, issue.3, pp.389-403, 1996.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.42.3.389

M. Mckelvey, H. Alm, and M. Riccaboni, Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology?pharmaceutical sector? Research Policy, pp.483-501, 2003.

D. J. Miller, M. J. Fern, and L. B. Cardinal, THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION WITHIN DIVERSIFIED FIRMS., Academy of Management Journal, vol.50, issue.2, pp.307-325, 2007.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634437

J. Mohr and R. Spekman, Characteristics of partnership success: Partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conflict resolution techniques, Strategic Management Journal, vol.17, issue.2, pp.135-152, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250150205

T. P. Moliterno and D. M. Mahony, Network Theory of Organization: A Multilevel Approach, Journal of Management, vol.393, issue.2, pp.443-467, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206310371692

J. C. Molloy, R. E. Ployhart, and P. M. Wright, The Myth of ???the??? Micro-Macro Divide: Bridging System-Level and Disciplinary Divides, Journal of Management, vol.61, issue.2, pp.581-609, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206310365000

S. Moreira and A. Markus, All for One and One for All: How Intrafirm Networks Affect the Speed of Knowledge Recombination, Academy of Management Proceedings, vol.2013, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.5465/AMBPP.2013.11915abstract

D. C. Mowery, J. E. Oxley, and B. S. Silverman, Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer, Strategic Management Journal, vol.5, issue.2, pp.77-91, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250171108

J. Nahapiet and S. Ghoshal, Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage, Academy of Management Review, vol.23, issue.2, pp.242-266, 1998.

J. Nebus, BUILDING COLLEGIAL INFORMATION NETWORKS: A THEORY OF ADVICE NETWORK GENERATION., Academy of Management Review, vol.31, issue.3, pp.615-637, 2006.
DOI : 10.5465/AMR.2006.21318921

A. Nerkar and S. Paruchuri, Evolution of R&D Capabilities: The Role of Knowledge Networks Within a Firm, Management Science, vol.51, issue.5, pp.771-785, 2005.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1040.0354

N. Nohria and R. Gulati, IS SLACK GOOD OR BAD FOR INNOVATION?, Academy of Management Journal, vol.39, issue.5, pp.1245-1264, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/256998

I. Nonaka, A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation, Organization Science, vol.5, issue.1, pp.14-37, 1994.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.5.1.14

O. 'brien and J. P. , The capital structure implications of pursuing a strategy of innovation, Strategic Management Journal, vol.37, issue.5, pp.415-431, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.308

D. Obstfeld, Orientation, and Involvement in Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.50, issue.1, pp.100-130, 2005.
DOI : 10.2189/asqu.2005.50.1.100

H. Oh, M. Chung, and G. Labianca, Group social capital and group effectiveness: The role of informal socializing ties, Academy of Management Journal, issue.6, pp.47-860, 2004.

H. Oh, G. Labianca, and M. Chung, A multilevel model of group social capital, Academy of Management Review, issue.3, pp.31-569, 2006.

J. Oldroyd, J. Evans, and M. Hendron, Withholding the ace: The performance effects on knowledge hoarding, Presented at the SMS 32nd Annual International Conference, 2012.

A. L. Oliver and J. P. Liebeskind, Three Levels of Networking for Sourcing Intellectual Capital in Biotechnology, International Studies of Management & Organization, vol.8, issue.4, pp.76-103, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2092843

E. Operti and G. Carnabuci, "Good for One, Bad for Most? Intrafirm Networks and Innovation at the Inventor and Firm Level", Presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 2012.
DOI : 10.5465/AMBPP.2012.241

J. E. Orr, Talking about machines: An ethnography of a modern job, 1996.
DOI : 10.7591/9781501707407

J. Owen-smith and W. W. Powell, Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community, Organization Science, vol.15, issue.1, pp.5-21, 2004.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1030.0054

J. E. Oxley and R. C. Sampson, The scope and governance of international R&D alliances, Strategic Management Journal, vol.25, pp.8-9, 2004.

G. Park and Y. Park, On the measurement of patent stock as knowledge indicators, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.73, issue.7, pp.793-812, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2005.09.006

S. Paruchuri, Intraorganizational Networks, Interorganizational Networks, and the Impact of Central Inventors: A Longitudinal Study of Pharmaceutical Firms, Organization Science, vol.21, issue.1, pp.63-80, 2010.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1080.0414

G. T. Payne, C. B. Moore, S. E. Griffis, and C. W. Autry, Multilevel Challenges and Opportunities in Social Capital Research, Journal of Management, vol.32, issue.2, pp.491-520, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206310372413

C. C. Phelps, A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Alliance Network Structure and Composition on Firm Exploratory Innovation, Academy of Management Journal, vol.53, issue.4, pp.890-913, 2010.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2010.52814627
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00528392

C. Phelps, R. Heidl, and A. Wadhwa, Knowledge, Networks, and Knowledge Networks, Journal of Management, vol.9, issue.1, pp.1115-1166, 2012.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.13.6.701.503
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00715591

L. Pittaway, M. Robertson, K. Munir, D. Denyer, and A. Neely, Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence, International Journal of Management Reviews, vol.2, issue.2, pp.3-4, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00101.x

R. E. Ployhart and T. P. Moliterno, Emergence of the Human Capital Resource: A Multilevel Model, Academy of Management Review, vol.36, issue.1, pp.127-150, 2011.
DOI : 10.5465/amr.2009.0318

S. Postrel, Islands of Shared Knowledge: Specialization and Mutual Understanding in Problem-Solving Teams, Organization Science, vol.13, issue.3, pp.303-320, 2002.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.13.3.303.2773

W. W. Powell, K. W. Koput, and L. Smith-doerr, Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.41, issue.1, pp.116-145, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2393988

K. Prashant and S. Harbir, Managing Strategic Alliances: What Do We Know Now, and Where Do We Go From Here?, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol.23, issue.3, pp.45-62, 2009.
DOI : 10.5465/AMP.2009.43479263

K. J. Preacher and A. F. Hayes, SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, vol.54, issue.4, pp.717-731, 2004.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03206553

K. G. Provan, A. Fish, and J. Sydow, Interorganizational Networks at the Network Level: A Review of the Empirical Literature on Whole Networks, Journal of Management, vol.9, issue.2, pp.479-516, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206307302554

M. Roach and W. M. Cohen, Lens or Prism? Patent Citations as a Measure of Knowledge Flows from Public Research, Management Science, vol.59, issue.2, pp.504-525, 2013.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1120.1644

P. W. Roberts, Product innovation, product-market competition and persistent profitability in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.86, issue.7, pp.655-670, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199907)20:7<655::AID-SMJ44>3.0.CO;2-P

L. Rosenkopf and A. Nerkar, Beyond local search: boundary-spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.6, issue.4, pp.287-306, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.160

F. T. Rothaermel, Complementary assets, strategic alliances, and the incumbent???s advantage: an empirical study of industry and firm effects in the biopharmaceutical industry, Research Policy, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1235-1251, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00142-6

F. T. Rothaermel and D. L. Deeds, Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development, Strategic Management Journal, vol.25, issue.3, pp.201-221, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.376

F. T. Rothaermel and D. L. Deeds, Alliance type, alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.21, issue.4, pp.429-460, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.006

F. T. Rothaermel and A. M. Hess, Building Dynamic Capabilities: Innovation Driven by Individual-, Firm-, and Network-Level Effects, Organization Science, vol.18, issue.6, pp.898-921, 2007.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1070.0291

D. M. Rousseau, Issues of level in organizational research: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, pp.1-37, 1985.

R. C. Sampson, R&D ALLIANCES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ALLIANCE ORGANIZATION ON INNOVATION., Academy of Management Journal, vol.50, issue.2, pp.364-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634443

Z. Sasovova, A. Mehra, S. P. Borgatti, and M. C. Schippers, Network Churn: The Effects of Self-Monitoring Personality on Brokerage Dynamics, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.54, issue.4, pp.639-670, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206650.001.0001

M. A. Schilling, Understanding the alliance data, Strategic Management Journal, vol.26, issue.13, pp.233-260, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.731

M. A. Schilling and C. Fang, When hubs forget, lie, and play favorites: Interpersonal network structure, information distortion, and organizational learning, Strategic Management Journal, vol.66, issue.2, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.2142

M. A. Schilling and C. C. Phelps, Interfirm Collaboration Networks: The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation, Management Science, vol.53, issue.7, pp.1113-1126, 2007.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0624

J. A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development, 1934.
DOI : 10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3

J. A. Schumpeter, Business cycles, 1939.
DOI : 10.1522/030021081

J. A. Schumpeter, Socialism and democracy, 1942.

W. Shan, G. Walker, and B. Kogut, Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.36, issue.5, pp.387-394, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250150505

J. M. Shaver, Testing for Mediating Variables in Management Research: Concerns, Implications, and Alternative Strategies, Journal of Management, vol.31, issue.3, pp.31-330, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206304272149

B. L. Simonin, THE IMPORTANCE OF COLLABORATIVE KNOW-HOW: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION., Academy of Management Journal, vol.40, issue.5, pp.1150-1174, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/256930

J. Singh, Collaborative Networks as Determinants of Knowledge Diffusion Patterns, Management Science, vol.51, issue.5, pp.756-770, 2005.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1040.0349

J. Singh and L. Fleming, Lone inventors as sources of breakthroughs: Myth or reality? Management Science, pp.41-56, 2010.

J. Singh, M. T. Hansen, and J. M. Podolny, The World Is Not Small for Everyone: Inequity in Searching for Knowledge in Organizations, Management Science, vol.56, issue.9, pp.1415-1438, 2010.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1100.1201

K. G. Smith, S. J. Carroll, and S. J. Ashford, INTRA- AND INTERORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION: TOWARD A RESEARCH AGENDA., Academy of Management Journal, vol.38, issue.1, pp.7-23, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/256726

J. Song, P. Almeida, and G. Wu, Learning-by-hiring: When is mobility more likely to facilitate interfirm knowledge transfer? Management Science, pp.351-365, 2003.

O. Sorenson and L. Fleming, Science and the diffusion of knowledge, Research Policy, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1615-1634, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2004.09.008

D. Strang and N. B. Tuma, Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Diffusion, American Journal of Sociology, vol.99, issue.3, pp.614-639, 1993.
DOI : 10.1086/230318

A. M. Subramanian, K. Lim, and P. Soh, When birds of a feather don???t flock together: Different scientists and the roles they play in biotech R&D alliances, Research Policy, vol.42, issue.3, pp.42-595, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2012.12.002

J. Swan, S. Newell, H. Scarbrough, and D. Hislop, Knowledge management and innovation: networks and networking, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.3, issue.4, pp.262-275, 1999.
DOI : 10.1108/13673279910304014

T. Wal, A. Criscuolo, P. Salter, and A. , Absorptive capacity at the individual level: An ambidexterity approach to external engagement, 2011.

M. Tomz, G. King, and L. Zeng, ReLogit: Rare events logistic regression, Journal of Statistical Software, issue.i02, pp.8-137, 2003.

M. Tortoriello and D. Krackhardt, Activating Cross-Boundary Knowledge: The Role of Simmelian Ties in the Generation of Innovations, Academy of Management Journal, vol.53, issue.1, pp.167-181, 2010.
DOI : 10.5465/AMJ.2010.48037420

M. Trajtenberg, A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations, The RAND Journal of Economics, vol.21, issue.1, pp.172-187, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2555502

W. Tsai, KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN INTRAORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS: EFFECTS OF NETWORK POSITION AND ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ON BUSINESS UNIT INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE., Academy of Management Journal, vol.44, issue.5, pp.996-1004, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/3069443

W. Tsai and S. Ghoshal, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND VALUE CREATION: THE ROLE OF INTRAFIRM NETWORKS., Academy of Management Journal, vol.41, issue.4, pp.464-476, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/257085

M. L. Tushman, Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.22, issue.4, pp.587-605, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/2392402

M. L. Tushman and T. J. Scanlan, Boundary Spanning Individuals: Their Role in Information Transfer and Their Antecedents., Academy of Management Journal, vol.24, issue.2, pp.289-305, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/255842

M. L. Tushman and T. J. Scanlan, Characteristics and External Orientations of Boundary Spanning Individuals., Academy of Management Journal, vol.24, issue.1, pp.83-98, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/255825

B. Uzzi, The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect, American Sociological Review, vol.61, issue.4, pp.674-698, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2096399

B. Uzzi, Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.42, issue.1, pp.35-67, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2393808

B. Uzzi and J. Spiro, Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem, American Journal of Sociology, vol.111, issue.2, pp.447-504, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/432782

A. H. Van-de-ven, On the Nature, Formation, and Maintenance of Relations Among Organizations., Academy of Management Review, vol.1, issue.4, pp.24-36, 1976.
DOI : 10.2307/257722

R. A. Van-wijk, . Van-den, and F. A. Bosch, Knowledge Characteristics of Internal Network-Based Forms of Organizing., Academy of Management Proceedings, vol.1998, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1998.
DOI : 10.5465/APBPP.1998.27652985

R. Van-wijk, J. J. Jansen, and M. A. Lyles, Inter- and Intra-Organizational Knowledge Transfer: A Meta-Analytic Review and Assessment of its Antecedents and Consequences, Journal of Management Studies, vol.8, issue.4, pp.830-853, 2008.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.4.514.14423

P. Wang, G. Robins, P. Pattison, and E. Lazega, Exponential random graph models for multilevel networks, Social Networks, vol.35, issue.1, pp.96-115, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socnet.2013.01.004

S. Wasserman and K. Faust, Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge (UK), 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511815478

U. Wassmer, Alliance Portfolios: A Review and Research Agenda, Journal of Management, vol.26, issue.2, pp.141-171, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/0149206308328484

D. J. Watts and S. H. Strogatz, Collective dynamics of " small-world " networks, Nature, issue.6684, pp.393-440, 1998.

J. M. Wooldridge, Distribution-free estimation of some nonlinear panel data models, Journal of Econometrics, vol.90, issue.1, pp.77-97, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00033-5

B. Wu, Opportunity costs, industry dynamics, and corporate diversification: Evidence from the cardiovascular medical device industry, 1976-2004, Strategic Management Journal, vol.25, issue.13, pp.1265-1287, 1976.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.2069

Z. J. Zhao and J. Anand, Beyond boundary spanners: The ???collective bridge??? as an efficient interunit structure for transferring collective knowledge, Strategic Management Journal, vol.42, issue.1, pp.1513-1530, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.2080

J. Zhou, S. J. Shin, D. J. Brass, J. Choi, and . Zhang, Social networks, personal values, and creativity: Evidence for curvilinear and interaction effects., Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.94, issue.6, pp.94-1544, 2009.
DOI : 10.1037/a0016285