Abduction-Négation La procédure CAN (Conflit-Abduction-Négation) (Saillenfest and Dessalles, 2014b; Dessalles, 2008a) est basée sur la résolution de conflits via l'abduction ,
objectifs sont générésgénérés`générésà la volée, en fonction des conflits cognitifs internes au moment o` u ils sont détectés Le résultat de la procédure CAN, qui consiste en un ensemble d'actions et de justifications, peut conduire un observateuràobservateur`observateurà percevoir le comportement de l'agent commé etant goal-oriented, tout en ignorant comment les objectifs (goals) ontétéontété générés. Dans la partie 5, nous avons introduit la notion de conflit cognitif. L'origine des conflits cognitifs vient d'´ evaluations -les nécessités -opposées d'une même situation (ou d'un même prédicat), par exemple lorsqu'une situation non désirée (qui reçoit donc uné evaluation de valence négative) se produit (elle reçoitreçoitégalement uné evaluation de valence positive et de grande intensité car l'inattendu de sa non-occurrence estélevéestélevé) En particulier, nous avons montré que lesévénementslesévénements surprenantsétaientsurprenantsétaient sources de conflits cognitifs ,
Un conflit cognitif est détecté, c'est-` a-dire qu'une situation s reçoit deuxévaluationsdeuxévaluations de valences opposées v 1 < 0 et v 2 > 0. La procédure de résolution de ce conflit commence ? ´ Etape 2 : La procédure réalise une abductionàabductionà partir de s, elle cherche une cause " faible " qui fait baisser l'intensité du conflit. Si l'´ evaluation de CAN est assimilablè a un système de planificationàplanificationà ordre-partiel. Les plans ne sont pas recalculés intégralement lorsqu'une contradiction est détectée, Présentons un exemple de raisonnement (réalisé par un personnage, John) pour trouver un trésor qui utilise la procédure CAN (on trouvera après cet exemple un détail, p.204 ,
Possibilité numéro 1 : ... [Le pont n'est pas cassé] John décide de traverser le pont, aller au château et de prendre le trésor. Possibilité numéro 2 : ... [Le pont est cassé] John ne peut rien faire pour changer cetétatcetétat de fait. John ne peut pas traverser le pont ,
désiré mais non-vrai Abduction : " action : Prendre le trésor " ?Propagation sur Je suis dans le château " ?Abduction : " action : Aller dans le château " ? ?Propagation sur Je suis de l'autre côté du pont ? ?Abduction : " action : Traverser le pont " ? ? ?Propagation sur Je suis près du pont " ET " Le pont n'est pas cassé " ? ? ?Abduction impossiblè a partir de " Le pont n'est pas cassé " ? ? ?Négation : ¬ " Le pont n'est pas cassé " ? ? ?Abduction impossiblè a partir de ¬ " Le pont n'est pas cassé " ? ? Fin de la procédure : ´ echec " action : Traverser le pont " impossible ? ?Abduction : " action : Prendre le long chemin procédure : succès ?Fin de la procédure : succès Fin de la procédure : succès Plan calculé, ??Analyse du calcul du plan, p.? ?Propagation sur " Je suis près du pont " ? ? ?Fin de la procédure : succès ? ?Fin ,
relatifà la complexité de Kolmogorov est le théorème d'invariance qui dit que la taille de la description minimale d'un objet est invariante (` a une constante près) entre les différents langages universels (Li and Vitányi, pp.104-105, 2008. ,
elle est définie par Peirce (CP 5.189) consistè a générer une hypothèse qui explique une observation. Peirce décrit ainsi le fonctionnement de l'abduction : " The surprising fact, C, is observed ; But if A were true, C would be a matter of course, Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true ,
Conflit-Abduction-Négation) (Saillenfest and Dessalles, 2014b; Dessalles, 2008a) est une procédure de résolution de conflits cognitifs via l'abduction. C'est une procédure de détermination d'une hypothèse explicative qui ,
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