. Si, On peut noter dans les deux bandes un élargissement des cycles diurnes (une durée plus longue) à mesure que la latitude augmente, ainsi qu'une nette diminution du flux de fluorescence avec la latitude, imputable à l'augmentation de l'angle de visée du satellite mais également au fait que l'éclairement diminue avec l'augmentation de la latitude, plus encore à l'équinoxe et en hiver Les figures 4.7a et 4.7b montrent l'influence sur les cycles diurnes de fluorescence de l'augmentation combinée de la latitude et de la longitude des points observés On remarque simplement une combinaison des variations observées lorsque l'on fait varier la latitude et la longitude, avec une constance : dans la bande O 2 -A, en raison de l'absorption plus importante de l'atmosphère, la diminution des flux est plus importante à mesure que l'on s'éloigne du nadir que dans la bande O 2 -B. Ces différentes figures (4.5a à 4.7b) nous renseignent sur la variabilité des cycles diurnes induite par les conditions de mesure (jour de l'année et direction de visée du satellite) pour un couvert donné. On a vu que trivialement l'approche de l'hiver diminuait les flux de fluorescence à mesure que la latitude augmentait, mais aussi que l'augmentation de l'angle de visée du satellite (liée à l'augmentation de la latitude ou de la longitude du point observé), en augmentant l'épaisseur d'atmosphère traversée et en s'éloignant de la normale à la surface, diminuait également les flux. L'augmentation de la longitude du point observé a aussi une influence sur la forme des cycles diurnes à cause d'effets de structure du couvert faisant ressortir la dissymétrie du cycle diurne vu depuis le satellite. On verra plus encore l'importance de ces effets dans la suite en étudiant l'influence de la structure du couvert sur les flux mesurés par le satellite. À la variation de la configuration spatio-temporelle de mesure (jour de l'année et position du point observé) étudiée avec un couvert standard, on ajoute ici les variations du type de couvert (contenu en chlorophylle, LAI et distribution angulaire des feuilles) afin d'étudier les effets de structure ; les résultats qui suivent concernent donc tous les couverts simulés, une déformation importante des cycles diurnes. Ici, les cibles ne reçoivent pas le même rayonnement en raison de leurs latitudes différentes Les figures 4.8a et 4.8b représentent les distributions des flux de fluorescence dans le fond des bandes O 2 -A et O 2 -B, respectivement à 760,7 nm et 687,3 nm. On entend ici par distribution toutes les valeurs prises par les flux de fluorescence mesurés par le satellite dans toutes les simulations : pour différents angles de visée du satellites, jours de l'année, contenus en chlorophylle, LAI et valeurs du paramètre représentant la distribution angulaire des feuilles au sein du couvert (?). Il est à noter qu'il n'y a pas de raison que les distributions de flux représentent celles qu'un satellite pourrait rencontrer, en effet ces distributions correspondent à un ensemble de couverts (défini mesuré en provenance de la cible pour en retrouver les composantes dont fait partie la fluorescence. Les indices de rendement que j'ai étudiés sont utilisés en pratique dans les mesures de fluorescence passive. Les simulations que j'ai faites ? sur des plages spectrales assez étendues ? pourraient permettre de calculer d'autres indices et d'étudier comment ils réagissent aux effets de structure. De meilleurs indices permettraient de calculer un rendement de fluorescence à partir des flux mesurés sans qui n'auraient pas de variations propres pouvant masquer celles du rendement réel du couvert

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