H. Le-robot-lobbybot-utilisé-avec-un and .. Vive, , p.16

.. , La boucle Action-Perception-Sensation, centrée sur l'haptique, p.22

.. Les-mécano-récepteurs-présents-dans-la-peau, , p.25

. La-division-de-l-'interaction-entre-la-main-et-son-avatar........., , p.29

.. Illusion-visuelle-classique-d-'échelle-et-de-profondeur, , p.31

.. Deux-situations-À-variance-visuelle-différente, , p.32

L. and .. , , p.33

.. Chez-renault, , p.35

L. Facteurs-de-variation-de-la-présence and .. , , p.39

.. La-boucle-d-'interaction-de-l-'haptique, , p.39

, Schéma simplifié des effets des latences sur les performances et la présence, p.44

L. Effets-de-la-parallaxe and .. , , p.48

C. Le and .. Iris-de-renault, , p.49

H. Le and .. Vive-et-ses-différents-périphériques, , p.51

. Avatars-de-la-main and .. Localisés-par-un-leapmotion-c, , p.54

, Les temps de perceptions des yeux pour un CAVE mono ou bi-point de vue, p.58

L. Gant-cyberglove-doté-du-système-cybertouch and .. , , p.63

.. Quelques-exemples-de-formes-d-'ondes, , p.64

A. Un-système, D. De, . Research, and . Sodhi, , p.68, 2013.

.. Le-kit-d-'évaluation-ultrahaptics, , p.69

K. , , p.71

P. Le, . Omni-de-sensable, and . Technology,

M. Le and .. Le-dexmo, , p.72

.. , Le fonctionnement à double sens des systèmes à fil tendus, p.75

.. Différents-systèmes-À-fils-tendus, , p.75

L. Champ-de-tracking-du-gametrak-en-espace-normalisé......., , p.76

L. .. Une-plaque-transparente-interposée-liée-À-un-bras-ergotron-c, , p.79

.. La-réfraction-sur-un-objet-plan, , p.80

L. 'interface-touchmover-de-microsoft and .. , , p.81

. Deux-dispositifs-de-tracking-optique and . Et-sans-marqueurs...., , p.83

, L'influence d'un défaut d'écart inter-pupillaire sur la profondeur visuelle, p.88

, L'influence de la vergence sur l'écart inter-pupillaire dynamique, p.89

L. 'influence-de-la-profondeur-des-yeux and .. , , p.89

L. 'influence-de-la-hauteur-des-yeux and .. , , p.90

C. Le and .. La-scène-virtuelle-qui-y-est-affichée, , p.95

.. Le-logiciel-utilisé-lors-de-l-'expérimentation, , p.96

Y. La-vitre-passive-utilisée-en-phase, A. R. Le, and . Fingertracking, , p.96

.. La-calibration-effectuée-pour-le-moteur-d-'interactions, , p.98

S. Déroulement-des, , p.99

, Temps d'exécution moyen de chaque sujet pour l'expérimentation 1, p.101

.. , Écart-type des erreurs relatives pour chaque sujet, p.102

Y. .. , Le sentiment d'être compétent des sujets, entre les phases X, p.104

U. Sujet-en-pleine-simulation and .. Le-volant-et-les-pédales-pendant-qu-'il-interagit, , p.109

L. Trois-différentes-Échelles-utilisées-en-contexte and .. , , p.109

.. , Temps d'exécution moyen des sujets, p.111

M. Erreur-relative, , p.112

.. Variances-moyennes-des-erreurs-relatives, , p.112

.. , La question Avez-vous trouvé que cette interface est utilisable convenablement ? notée de 1 à 7 pour chaque modalité, p.113

. Séparation-d-'un-bouton-virtuel-en-un-visuel-et-une-logique......., , p.118

.. , Le logiciel de resimulation utilisé pour la conception et l'optimisation des algorithmes de filtrages, p.119

.. Processus-d-'application-de-logique-floue, , p.121

. Les-fonctions-d-'appartenance-aux-sous-ensembles-flous........., , p.123

, Le nuage de points des interactions des sujets, avant et après filtrage, p.124

.. , Erreur relative moyenne des sujets, en % (de 0 à 50%), p.125

. Test-et-mesure-de-l-'influence-de-la-profondeur-des-yeux........., , p.127

. Exemple-de-mesure-de-l-'influence-de-la-hauteur-des-yeux........, , p.132

L. Des-tableaux,

.. Techniques-haptiques-suivant-le-niveau-d-'exigence,

.. Les-mécano-récepteurs-des-zones-glabres-de-la-peau, , p.25

L. Différents-facteurs-du-questionnaire-de-witmer, &. Singer, &. Witmer, and ]. Singer, , p.38, 1998.

C. Tableau-comparatif-des-solutions-d-'affichage and H. .. , , p.53

P. Et-cons-des-gants-vibrotactiles and .. , , p.66

.. , Pros et cons des dispositifs d'haptique sans contact, p.70

.. Spécifications-techniques-du-virtuose-6d-d-'haption, , p.74

.. , Pros et cons des bras haptiques et des exosquelettes, p.74

.. , Pros et cons des systèmes à fils tendus, p.77

P. , Pros et cons des systèmes d'haptique, p.81

.. , Comparatif simplifié des différentes technologies d'haptique, p.84

.. , Différentes sources de défaut de perception des distances

A. F. Abate, . Guida, . Mariano, . Leoncini, . Paolo et al., A haptic-based approach to virtual training for aerospace industry, Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, vol.20, issue.5, pp.318-325, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvlc.2009.07.003

J. J. Adam, Gender differences in choice reaction time: evidence for differential strategies, Ergonomics, vol.42, issue.2, pp.327-335, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250

R. J. Adams and B. Hannaford, Stable haptic interaction with virtual environments, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol.15, issue.3, pp.465-474, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/70.768179

M. Alhalabi, . Osama, . Horiguchi, . Susumu, . Kunifuji et al., An experimental study on the effects of Network delay in Cooperative Shared Haptic Virtual Environment, Computers & Graphics, vol.27, issue.2, pp.205-213, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0097-8493(02)00277-7

C. Antonya, T. Butnaru, and D. Talaba, Haptic interaction with virtual mechanical systems, 2007.

K. Aström, . Johan, and T. Hägglund, PID controllers : theory, design, and tuning, 1995.

J. E. Atkins, . Fiser, . József, and R. A. Jacobs, Experience-dependent visual cue integration based on consistencies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.41, issue.4, pp.449-461, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00254-6

J. E. Atkins, . Jacobs, A. Robert, . Knill, and C. David, Experience-dependent visual cue recalibration based on discrepancies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.43, issue.25, pp.2603-2613, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00470-X

J. N. Bailenson and J. Blascovich, Avatars. In : Encyclopedia of Human- Computer Interaction, 2004.

J. N. Bailenson, A. C. Beall, . Loomis, . Jack, J. Blascovich et al., Transformed Social Interaction: Decoupling Representation from Behavior and Form in Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.3, issue.9, pp.428-441, 2004.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.395

L. Baitch, . Smith, and C. Randall, Physiological Correlates of Spatial Perceptual Discordance in a Virtual Environment, 2000.

, Bibliographie

C. Basdogan, . Srinivasan, and A. Mandayam, Haptic rendering in virtual environments . Handbook of virtual environments, pp.117-134, 2002.

B. Bayart, Réalité augmentée haptique : théorie et applications, 2007.

A. C. Beall, J. M. Loomis, J. W. Philbeck, . Fikes, and G. Thomas, <title>Absolute motion parallax weakly determines visual scale in real and virtual environments</title>, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display VI, 1995.
DOI : 10.1117/12.207547

F. Biocca, J. Kim, and Y. Choi, Visual Touch in Virtual Environments: An Exploratory Study of Presence, Multimodal Interfaces, and Cross-Modal Sensory Illusions, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.41, issue.10, pp.247-265, 2001.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.638

M. Botvinick and J. Cohen, Rubber hands' feel'touch that eyes see, Nature, issue.6669, pp.391-756, 1998.

F. P. Brooks, What's real about virtual reality?, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.19, issue.6, pp.16-27, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/38.799723

L. Brown and J. Kaye, Eggs-ploring the influence of material properties on haptic experience, p.7, 2007.

. Buoguila, . Laroussi, Y. Cai, and M. Sato, New haptic device for human scale virtual environment Scaleable-SPIDAR, 1997.

G. Burdea, Force and touch feedback for Virtual Reality, 1996.

G. Burdea and P. Coiffet, , 1993.

J. Burge, A. R. Girshick, and M. S. Banks, Visual-Haptic Adaptation Is Determined by Relative Reliability, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.22, pp.7714-7721, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6427-09.2010

J. Burkhardt, . Bardy, . Benoit, and D. Lourdeaux, Immersion, Réalisme et Présence dans la conception et l'évaluation des environnements virtuels, 2003.

A. S. Carlin, . Hoffman, G. Hunter, and S. Weghorst, Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: a case report, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol.35, issue.2, pp.153-158, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00085-X

T. Carter, S. Seah, . Ann, . Long, . Benjamin et al., UltraHaptics, Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, UIST '13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2501988.2502018

L. Chan, . Kao, C. Hui-shan, M. Y. Lee, . Ming-sui et al., Touching the void, Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '10, 2010.
DOI : 10.1145/1753326.1753725

K. B. Chen, R. A. Kimmel, . Bartholomew, . Aaron, . Ponto et al., Manually Locating Physical and Virtual Reality Objects, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.56, issue.6, pp.56-1163, 2014.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565640

D. F. Collins, Cutaneous Receptors Contribute to Kinesthesia at the Index Finger, Elbow, and Knee, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.94, issue.3, pp.1699-1706, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s002219900261

. Combe, . Emmanuelle, J. Posselt, and A. Kemeny, Virtual prototype visualization, Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction building bridges, NordiCHI '08, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1463160.1463253

, Bibliographie

B. Craske and M. Crawshaw, Shifts in Kinesthesis through Time and after Active and Passive Movement, Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol.43, issue.3, pp.755-761, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6989(72)90113-7

. Cruz-neira, . Carolina, . Sandin, . Daniel, . Defanti et al., The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment, Communications of the ACM, vol.35, issue.6, pp.64-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/129888.129892

J. E. Cutting, . Vishton, and M. Peter, Perceiving Layout and Knowing Distances. Pages 69?117 of : Perception of Space and Motion, 1995.

N. A. Dodgson, Variation and extrema of human interpupillary distance, 2004.

E. Saddik, The Potential of Haptics Technologies, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, vol.10, issue.1, pp.10-17, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/MIM.2007.339540

M. O. Ernst, . Banks, and S. Martin, Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion, Nature, vol.415, issue.6870, pp.415-429, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/415429a

M. O. Ernst, . Bülthoff, and H. Heinrich, Merging the senses into a robust percept, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.8, issue.4, pp.162-169, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.002

M. O. Ernst, . Banks, S. Martin, . Bülthoff, and H. Heinrich, Touch can change visual slant perception, Nature Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.1, pp.69-73, 2000.
DOI : 10.1068/p221025

P. M. Fitts, The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement, Journal of Experimental Psychology, issue.6, pp.47-381, 1954.

C. T. Fuentes and A. J. Bastian, Where Is Your Arm? Variations in Proprioception Across Space and Tasks, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.1, pp.164-171, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/ca.1087

P. Galambos, Vibrotactile feedback for haptics and telemanipulation : Survey, concept and experiment, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, vol.9, issue.1, pp.41-65, 2012.

J. Gaudiosi, Tactai gets in touch with Ericsson for AR and VR 'dynamic tactile wave'tech, 2017.

J. Gibson and . Jerome, Approche écologique de la perception visuelle, 2014.

M. A. Goodale, A. Milner, and . David, Separate visual pathways for perception and action, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.15, issue.1, pp.20-25, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8

URL : http://cognet.mit.edu/library/books/mitpress/0262024969/cache/chap12.pdf

X. Gu, . Zhang, . Yifei, . Sun, . Weize et al., Dexmo, Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '16, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/TMECH.2014.2305842

C. Gunn, . Hutchins, . Matthew, and M. Adcock, Combating Latency in Haptic Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.2000, issue.3, pp.313-328, 2005.
DOI : 10.1117/12.349400

. Gupta, . Sidhant, . Morris, . Dan, . Patel et al., AirWave, Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing, UbiComp '13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2493432.2493463

K. S. Hale and K. M. Stanney, Haptic rendering - beyond visual computing - Deriving haptic design guidelines from human physiological, psychophysical, and neurological foundations, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.24, issue.2, pp.33-39, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2004.1274059

B. Hannaford and L. Wood, Performance evaluation of a 6 axis high fidelity generalized force reflecting teleoperator, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/21.97455

URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900004480

P. B. Hibbard, . Bradshaw, and F. Mark, Reaching for virtual objects: binocular disparity and the control of prehension, Experimental Brain Research, vol.148, issue.2, pp.196-201, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-002-1295-2

M. Hill, Self adapting haptic device, Google Patents. US Patent, vol.8860, p.562, 2014.

H. G. Hoffman, Physically touching virtual objects using tactile augmentation enhances the realism of virtual environments, Proceedings. IEEE 1998 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (Cat. No.98CB36180), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/VRAIS.1998.658423

T. Hoshi, . Takahashi, . Masafumi, . Iwamoto, . Takayuki et al., Noncontact Tactile Display Based on Radiation Pressure of Airborne Ultrasound, IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.155-165, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/TOH.2010.4

H. H. Hu, A. A. Gooch, W. B. Thompson, B. E. Smits, . Rieser et al., Visual cues for imminent object contact in realistic virtual environments, Proceedings Visualization 2000. VIS 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37145), 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/VISUAL.2000.885692

URL : http://webhome.csc.uvic.ca/%7Eagooch/papers/Hu_Cues_Vis2000.pdf

B. Insko and . Edward, Passive haptics significantly enhances virtual environments, 2001.

V. Interrante, B. Ries, and L. Anderson, Distance Perception in Immersive Virtual Environments, Revisited, IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006), 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2006.52

URL : http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~interran/papers/ieeevr06.pdf

T. Iwamoto, . Shinoda, and . Hiroyuki, Non-contact Method for Producing Tactile Sensation Using Airborne Ultrasound. Pages 504?513 of : Haptics : Perception, Devices and Scenarios, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-69057-3_64

C. Jay, . Glencross, . Mashhuda, and R. Hubbold, Modeling the effects of delayed haptic and visual feedback in a collaborative virtual environment, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.14, issue.2, p.8, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1275511.1275514

H. Jex, Four critical tests for control-feel simulators, 23rd Annual Conference on Manual Control, 1988.

R. S. Johansson, Tactile sensibility in the human hand: receptive field characteristics of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin area., The Journal of Physiology, vol.281, issue.1, p.101, 1978.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012411

R. Kalman and . Emil, A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems, Journal of Basic Engineering, vol.82, issue.1, pp.35-45, 1960.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3662552

URL : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/journals/jfega4/27220/35_1.pdf

A. Kemeny, A cooperative driving simulator. Pages 67?71 of, Proceedings of the International Training Equipment Conference (ITEC), 1993.

A. Kemeny, Simulation and perception, 1999.

A. Kemeny, Driving simulation for virtual testing and perception studies, Pages 15?23 of : Proceedings of DSC Europe Conference, 2009.

A. Kemeny, From driving simulation to virtual reality, Proceedings of the 2014 Virtual Reality International Conference on, VRIC '14, 2014.
DOI : 10.1145/2617841.2620721

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01142689

R. S. Kennedy, . Lane, E. Norman, K. S. Berbaum, . Lilienthal et al., Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness, The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.203-220, 1993.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327108ijap0303_3

R. V. Kenyon, . Sandin, . Daniel, . Smith, C. Randall et al., Size-Constancy in the CAVE, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.88, issue.2, pp.172-187, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/1421135

R. V. Kenyon, . Phenany, . Moses, . Sandin, . Daniel et al., Accommodation and Size-Constancy of Virtual Objects, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.7, issue.2, pp.342-348, 2008.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1995.4.1.24

A. Kheddar, A. Drif, J. Citérin, L. Mercier, and B. , A multi-level haptic rendering concept, EuroHaptics, pp.147-154, 2004.

J. Kildal, 3D-press, International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction on, ICMI-MLMI '10, 2010.
DOI : 10.1145/1891903.1891931

S. Kim, . Lee, and . Geehyuk, Haptic feedback design for a virtual button along force-displacement curves, Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, UIST '13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2501988.2502041

URL : http://kuaa.net/publications/2013-VirtualButton.pdf

. Kitagawa, . Masaya, . Dokko, . Daniell, A. M. Okamura et al., Effect of sensory substitution on suture manipulation forces for surgical teleoperation, Studies in health technology and informatics, pp.157-163, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.05.029

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.05.029

J. M. Knapp, . Loomis, and M. Jack, Limited Field of View of Head-Mounted Displays Is Not the Cause of Distance Underestimation in Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.13, issue.5, pp.572-577, 2004.
DOI : 10.1518/001872098779591340

K. J. Kuchenbecker, J. Fiene, and G. Niemeyer, Improving contact realism through event-based haptic feedback, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol.12, issue.2, pp.219-230, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TVCG.2006.32

A. Lassagne, . Kemeny, . Andras, J. Posselt, and . Merienne, Comparing Tangible and Fully Virtual Haptic Systems for HMI Studies in Simulated Driving Situations, 2017.

A. Lassagne, . Kemeny, . Andras, J. Posselt, and F. Merienne, Performance Evaluation of Passive Haptic Feedback for Tactile HMI Design in CAVEs, IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol.11, issue.1, pp.1-1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1109/TOH.2017.2755653

A. Lecuyer, C. Andriot, and . Crosnier, André. 2003. Interfaces haptiques et pseudo-haptiques. Proceedings of JNRR

S. J. Lederman and R. L. Klatzky, Haptic Perception, pp.71-1439, 2009.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03205556

S. J. Lederman and L. A. Jones, Tactile and Haptic Illusions, IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol.4, issue.4, pp.273-294, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/TOH.2011.2

B. Lenggenhager, T. Tadi, T. Metzinger, and O. Blanke, Video Ergo Sum: Manipulating Bodily Self-Consciousness, Science, vol.25, issue.3, pp.317-1096, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2612-04.2005

URL : http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/139660/1/1096.full.pdf

R. W. Lindeman, J. N. Templeman, J. L. Sibert, and J. R. Cutler, Handling of Virtual Contact in Immersive Virtual Environments: Beyond Visuals, Virtual Reality, vol.6, issue.3, pp.130-139, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s100550200014

R. W. Lindeman, . Yanagida, . Yasuyuki, . Noma, . Haruo et al., Wearable vibrotactile systems for virtual contact and information display, Virtual Reality, vol.3, issue.3, pp.203-213, 2006.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03194989

R. Lindemann and D. Tesar, Construction and demonstration of a 9-string 6 DOF force reflecting joystick for telerobotics, 1989.

K. R. Lohse, . Sherwood, E. David, and A. F. Healy, How changing the focus of attention affects performance, kinematics, and electromyography in dart throwing, Human Movement Science, vol.29, issue.4, pp.542-555, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.humov.2010.05.001

. Lok, . Benjamin, . Naik, . Samir, M. Whitton et al., Effects of Handling Real Objects and Self-Avatar Fidelity on Cognitive Task Performance and Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.99, issue.2, pp.12-615, 2003.
DOI : 10.1162/105474600566989

J. M. Loomis, . Silva, A. José, . Da, J. W. Philbeck et al., Visual Perception of Location and Distance, Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol.29, issue.3, pp.72-77, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8

C. Madison, . Thompson, . William, . Kersten, . Daniel et al., Use of interreflection and shadow for surface contact, Perception & Psychophysics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.187-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1068/p070333

J. Martinez, . Garcia, . Arturo, . Oliver, . Miguel et al., Identifying Virtual 3D Geometric Shapes with a Vibrotactile Glove, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.36, issue.1, pp.42-51, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2014.81

A. S. Mavor, . Durlach, and I. Nathaniel, Virtual Reality : : Scientific and Technological Challenges, 1994.

M. Sinclair, M. Pahud, and H. Benko, TouchMover, Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces, ITS '13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2512349.2512805

T. Mima, Brain structures related to active and passive finger movements in man, Brain, vol.122, issue.10, pp.1989-1997, 1999.
DOI : 10.1227/00006123-199505000-00005

. Minamizawa, . Kouta, . Fukamachi, . Souichiro, . Kajimoto et al., Gravity grabber : wearable haptic display to present virtual mass sensation, 2007.

B. J. Mohler, S. H. Creem-regehr, . Thompson, B. William, . Bülthoff et al., The Effect of Viewing a Self-Avatar on Distance Judgments in an HMD-Based Virtual Environment, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.7, issue.9, pp.230-242, 2010.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03196322

Y. Monnai, . Hasegawa, . Keisuke, . Fujiwara, . Masahiro et al., HaptoMime, Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, UIST '14, 2014.
DOI : 10.1145/2642918.2647407

K. L. Moore, . Dalley, F. Arthur, . Agur, and M. Anne, Clinically oriented anatomy, 2013.

M. Mori, . Macdorman, . Karl, and N. Kageki, The Uncanny Valley [From the Field], IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, vol.19, issue.2, pp.98-100, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811

A. M. Murray, R. L. Klatzky, . Khosla, and K. Pradeep, Psychophysical Characterization and Testbed Validation of a Wearable Vibrotactile Glove for Telemanipulation, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.3, issue.4, pp.156-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03204312

O. J. Nunez, . Ariza, . Lubos, . Paul, and F. Steinicke, HapRing : A Wearable Haptic Device for 3D Interaction, 2015.

A. M. Okamura, J. T. Dennerlein, and R. D. Howe, Vibration feedback models for virtual environments, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.1998.677050

A. M. Okamura, M. R. Cutkosky, and J. T. Dennerlein, Reality-based models for vibration feedback in virtual environments, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol.6, issue.3, pp.245-252, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/3516.951362

F. Pavani, C. Spence, and J. Driver, Visual Capture of Touch: Out-of-the-Body Experiences With Rubber Gloves, Psychological Science, vol.1, issue.5, pp.353-359, 2000.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03210933

. Perroud, . Benoit, . Régnier, . Stéphane, . Kemeny et al., Model of realism score for immersive VR systems, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trf.2017.08.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01779643

B. Petzold, . Zaeh, F. Michael, . Faerber, . Berthold et al., A Study on Visual, Auditory, and Haptic Feedback for Assembly Tasks, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.13, issue.1, pp.16-21, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ROMAN.1995.531976

K. Provins and R. Morton, Tactile discrimination and skin temperature, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.155-160, 1960.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1960.15.1.155

J. Raisamo, Tactile Sensing & Feedback. pervasive. jku. at, pp.1-62, 2009.

M. Rank, . Shi, . Zhuanghua, and S. Hirche, Perception of Delay in Haptic Telepresence Systems, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.30, issue.2, pp.389-399, 2010.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.358

P. Richard and P. Coiffet, Human perceptual issues in virtual environments: sensory substitution and information redundancy, Proceedings 4th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/ROMAN.1995.531976

A. R. Richardson and D. Waller, Interaction With an Immersive Virtual Environment Corrects Users' Distance Estimates, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.61, issue.09, pp.507-517, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02350

G. Robillard, S. Bouchard, P. Renaud, and L. G. Cournoyer, Validation canadiennefrançaise de deux mesures importantes en réalité virtuelle : l'Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire et le Presence Questionnaire, 25 ième congrès de la Société Québécoise pour la Recherche en Psychologie (SQRP), 2002.

G. Robles-de-la-torre, The Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments, IEEE Multimedia, vol.13, issue.3, pp.24-30, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/MMUL.2006.69

K. Salisbury, D. Brock, T. Massie, N. Swarup, and C. Zilles, Haptic rendering, Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics , SI3D '95, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/199404.199426

K. Salisbury, F. Conti, and F. Barbagli, Survey - Haptic rendering: introductory concepts, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.24, issue.2, pp.24-32, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2004.1274058

M. Sato, Space Inteface Device for Artificial Reality-SPIDAR. The Transactions of The Institute of Electronics, pp.887-894, 1991.

R. Scheibe, . Moehring, . Mathias, and B. Froehlich, Tactile Feedback at the Finger Tips for Improved Direct Interaction in Immersive Environments, 2007.

K. Seow, Physiology of touch, grip, and gait. Tactile sensors for robotics and medicine, pp.13-40, 1988.

F. Short and R. Ward, Virtual limbs and body space: Critical features for the distinction between body space and near-body space., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol.35, issue.4, pp.1092-1103, 2009.
DOI : 10.1037/a0015873

M. Slater, How Colorful Was Your Day? Why Questionnaires Cannot Assess Presence in Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.13, issue.4, pp.484-493, 2004.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565541

M. Slater, . Sadagic, . Amela, . Usoh, . Martin et al., Small-Group Behavior in a Virtual and Real Environment: A Comparative Study, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.9, issue.1, pp.37-51, 2000.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1997.6.6.603

R. Sodhi, . Poupyrev, . Ivan, . Glisson, . Matthew et al., AIREAL, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.32, issue.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2461912.2462007

A. Soichiando, N. Kid, . Oda, and . Shingo, Central and Peripheral Visual Reaction Time of Soccer Players and Nonathletes, Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol.6, issue.3, pp.786-794, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/00221309.1984.9921110

J. Sreng, A. Lecuyer, C. Megard, and C. Andriot, Using Visual Cues of Contact to Improve Interactive Manipulation of Virtual Objects in Industrial Assembly/Maintenance Simulations, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1013-1020, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TVCG.2006.189

J. Sreng, A. Lecuyer, C. Andriot, and B. Arnaldi, Spatialized Haptic Rendering: Providing Impact Position Information in 6DOF Haptic Simulations Using Vibrations, 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2009.4810990

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00482195

B. E. Stein, . Wallace, T. Mark, and . Meredith, Neural mechanisms mediating attention and orientation to multisensory cues, 1995.

J. Steuer, Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence, Journal of Communication, vol.1, issue.1, pp.73-93, 1992.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127

URL : http://psicologia.net/pages/telepresence.pdf

H. Strasburger, I. Rentschler, and M. Juttner, Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: A review, Journal of Vision, vol.11, issue.5, pp.13-13, 2011.
DOI : 10.1167/11.5.13

URL : http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/journals/jov/933487/jov-11-5-13.pdf

A. Sutcliffe, . Gault, . Brian, T. Fernando, and K. Tan, Investigating interaction in CAVE virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.13, issue.2, pp.235-267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1165734.1165738

URL : http://www.informatics.manchester.ac.uk/centre_hci/CAVEexpPpr.pdf

Y. Suzuki and M. Kobayashi, Air jet driven force feedback in virtual reality, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.25, issue.1, pp.44-47, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2005.1

H. Z. Tan, . Srinivasan, A. Mandayam, . Eberman, . Brian et al., Human factors for the design of force-reflecting haptic interfaces, Dynamic Systems and Control, vol.55, issue.1, pp.353-359, 1994.

L. Terziman, M. Marchal, F. Multon, B. Arnaldi, and A. Lecuyer, The King-Kong Effects: Improving sensation of walking in VR with visual and tactile vibrations at each step, 2012 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/3DUI.2012.6184179

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00678892

W. B. Thompson, . Willemsen, . Peter, A. A. Gooch, S. H. Creem-regehr et al., Does the Quality of the Computer Graphics Matter when Judging Distances in Visually Immersive Environments ? Presence : Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, pp.560-571, 2004.

. Toshima, . Motonori, . Akahane, . Katsuhito, and M. Sato, SPIDAR-S : Haptic Device Attached to the Smartphone. Pages 127?129 of, Haptic Interaction, 2015.

M. R. Tremblay and M. H. Yim, Tactile feedback man-machine interface device, US Patent, vol.6, p.88017, 2000.

M. Tsalamlal, . Yassine, . Issartel, . Paul, . Ouarti et al., HAIR: HAptic feedback with a mobile AIR jet, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/ICRA.2014.6907246

M. Usoh, . Arthur, . Kevin, M. C. Whitton, . Bastos et al., Walking &gt ; walking-in-place &gt ; flying, in virtual environments, 1999.

M. Usoh, . Catena, . Ernest, . Arman, . Sima et al., Using Presence Questionnaires in Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.9, issue.5, pp.497-503, 2000.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127

R. J. Van-beers, A. C. Sittig, . Van-der-gon, J. Jan, and . Denier, Integration of Proprioceptive and Visual Position-Information: An Experimentally Supported Model, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.1355-1364, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/089976698300017818

G. Vigliensoni and M. M. Wanderley, A Quantitative Comparison of Position Trackers for the Development of a Touch-less Musical Interface, 2012.

I. M. Vogels, Detection of Temporal Delays in Visual-Haptic Interfaces, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.18, issue.1, pp.118-134, 2004.
DOI : 10.1117/12.387160

D. Wang, K. Tuer, M. Rossi, L. Ni, and J. Shu, The effect of time delays on tele-haptics, The 2nd IEEE Internatioal Workshop on Haptic, Audio and Visual Environments and Their Applications, 2003. HAVE 2003. Proceedings., 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/HAVE.2003.1244717

F. Wang, . Ren, and . Xiangshi, Empirical evaluation for finger input properties in multi-touch interaction, Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI 09, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1518701.1518864

J. P. Wann, . Rushton, . Simon, and M. Mon-williams, Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments, Vision Research, vol.35, issue.19, pp.2731-2736, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-U

M. Weiss, . Wacharamanotham, . Chat, . Voelker, . Simon et al., FingerFlux, Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, UIST '11, 2011.
DOI : 10.1145/2047196.2047277

P. Wellman, . Howe, and D. Robert, Towards realistic vibrotactile display in virtual environments, Proc. ASME DSCD, DSC, pp.713-718, 1995.

B. G. Witmer, . Singer, and J. Michael, Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.2, issue.3, pp.225-240, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0060

W. Wright, . Geoffrey, S. H. Creem-regehr, W. H. Warren, E. R. Anson et al., Sensorimotor recalibration in virtual environments. Pages 71?94 of : Virtual Reality for Physical and Motor Rehabilitation, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4939-0968-1_5

S. Xu, . Perez, . Manuela, . Yang, . Kun et al., Determination of the latency effects on surgical performance and the acceptable latency levels in telesurgery using the dV-Trainer?? simulator, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.19, issue.9, pp.2569-2576, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/TRA.2003.817214

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01726735

, REFERENCES

F. P. Brooks, M. Ouh-young, J. J. Batter, and P. J. Kilpatrick, Project GROPE-HapticDisplays for Scientific Visualization, 1967.

M. Sato, Space Inteface Device for Artificial Reality-SPIDAR The Transactions of The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, vol.74, issue.7, pp.887-894, 1991.

T. H. Massie and J. K. Salisbury, The phantom haptic interface: A device for probing virtual objects, Proceedings of the ASME winter annual meeting, symposium on haptic interfaces for virtual environment and teleoperator systems, pp.295-300, 1994.

F. P. Brooks, What's real about virtual reality?, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.19, issue.6, pp.16-27, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/38.799723

G. Robles-de-la-torre, The Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments, IEEE Multimedia, vol.13, issue.3, pp.24-30, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/MMUL.2006.69

A. Kemeny, From driving simulation to virtual reality, Proceedings of the 2014 Virtual Reality International Conference on, VRIC '14, p.32, 2014.
DOI : 10.1145/2617841.2620721

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01142689

R. Scheibe, M. Moehring, and B. Froehlich, Tactile Feedback at the Finger Tips for Improved Direct Interaction in Immersive Environments, IEEE, 2007.

A. Assila, An approach and a tool for subjective and objective evaluation of the usability of interactive systems : application to passengers information assistance system, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01411235

, Available: https://tel.archives-ouvertes

L. Buoguila, Y. Cai, and M. Sato, New haptic device for human scale virtual environment Scaleable-SPIDAR, ICAT, pp.93-98, 1997.

R. Sodhi, I. Poupyrev, M. Glisson, and A. Israr, AIREAL, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.32, issue.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2461912.2462007

T. Carter, S. A. Seah, B. Long, B. Drinkwater, and S. Subramanian, UltraHaptics, Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, UIST '13, pp.505-514, 2013.
DOI : 10.1145/2501988.2502018

B. Bayart and H. Hoffman, Réalité augmentée haptique : théorie et applications Physically touching virtual objects using tactile augmentation enhances the realism of virtual environments, Ph.D. dissertation, pp.59-63, 1998.

A. Lecuyer, C. Andriot, and A. Crosnier, Interfaces haptiques et pseudo-haptiques, Proceedings of JNRR, vol.3, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00269726

B. E. Insko, Passive haptics significantly enhances virtual environments, 2001.

A. S. Carlin, H. G. Hoffman, and S. Weghorst, Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: a case report, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol.35, issue.2, pp.153-158, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00085-X

K. Hale and K. Stanney, Haptic rendering - beyond visual computing - Deriving haptic design guidelines from human physiological, psychophysical, and neurological foundations, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.24, issue.2, pp.33-39, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2004.1274059

P. Fuchs and G. Moreau, Le traité de la réalité virtuelle, Presses des MINES, vol.2, 2006.

J. P. Wann, S. Rushton, and M. Mon-williams, Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments, Vision Research, vol.35, issue.19, pp.2731-2736, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-U

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-u

K. B. Chen, R. A. Kimmel, A. Bartholomew, K. Ponto, M. L. Gleicher et al., Manually Locating Physical and Virtual Reality Objects, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.56, issue.6, pp.1163-1176, 2014.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565640

R. V. Kenyon, D. Sandin, R. C. Smith, T. Pawlicki, and . Defanti, Size-Constancy in the CAVE, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.88, issue.2
DOI : 10.2307/1421135

, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, pp.172-187, 2007.

N. A. Dodgson, Variation and extrema of human interpupillary distance, pp.36-46, 2004.

L. Chan, H. Kao, M. Y. Chen, M. Lee, J. Hsu et al., Touching the void, Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '10, p.2625, 2010.
DOI : 10.1145/1753326.1753725

H. H. Hu, A. A. Gooch, W. B. Thompson, B. E. Smits, J. J. Rieser et al., Visual cues for imminent object contact in realistic virtual environments, Proceedings Visualization 2000. VIS 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37145), pp.179-185, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/VISUAL.2000.885692

C. Madison, W. Thompson, D. Kersten, P. Shirley, and B. Smits, Use of interreflection and shadow for surface contact, Perception & Psychophysics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.187-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1068/p070333

B. Petzold, M. F. Zaeh, B. Faerber, B. Deml, H. Egermeier et al., A Study on Visual, Auditory, and Haptic Feedback for Assembly Tasks, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.13, issue.1, pp.16-21, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ROMAN.1995.531976

M. Kitagawa, D. Dokko, A. M. Okamura, B. T. Bethea, and D. D. Yuh, Effect of sensory substitution on suture manipulation forces for surgical teleoperation, Studies in health technology and informatics, pp.157-163, 2004.

J. Sreng, A. Lecuyer, C. Megard, and C. Andriot, Using Visual Cues of Contact to Improve Interactive Manipulation of Virtual Objects in Industrial Assembly/Maintenance Simulations, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1013-1020, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TVCG.2006.189

M. O. Ernst and H. H. , Merging the senses into a robust percept, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.8, issue.4, pp.162-169, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.002

B. G. Witmer and M. J. Singer, Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.2, issue.3, pp.225-240, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0060

J. E. Atkins, R. A. Jacobs, and D. C. , Experience-dependent visual cue recalibration based on discrepancies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.43, issue.25, pp.2603-2613, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00470-X

H. Strasburger, I. Rentschler, and M. Juttner, Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: A review, Journal of Vision, vol.11, issue.5, pp.13-13, 2011.
DOI : 10.1167/11.5.13

N. K. Soichiando and S. Oda, Central and Peripheral Visual Reaction Time of Soccer Players and Nonathletes, Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol.6, issue.3, pp.786-794, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/00221309.1984.9921110

J. E. Atkins, J. Fiser, and R. A. Jacobs, Experience-dependent visual cue integration based on consistencies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.41, issue.4, pp.449-461, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00254-6

, References

J. E. Atkins, J. Fiser, and R. A. Jacobs, Experience-dependent visual cue integration based on consistencies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.41, issue.4, pp.449-461, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00254-6

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00254-6

J. E. Atkins, R. A. Jacobs, and D. C. , Experience-dependent visual cue recalibration based on discrepancies between visual and haptic percepts, Vision Research, vol.43, issue.25, pp.2603-2613, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00470-X

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00470-x

F. P. Brooks, What's real about virtual reality?, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.19, issue.6, pp.16-27, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/38.799723

J. Burge, A. R. Girshick, and M. S. Banks, Visual-Haptic Adaptation Is Determined by Relative Reliability, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.22, pp.7714-7721, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6427-09.2010

URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/30/22/7714.full.pdf

A. S. Carlin, H. G. Hoffman, and S. Weghorst, Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: a case report, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol.35, issue.2, pp.153-158, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00085-X

L. Chan, H. Kao, M. Y. Chen, M. Lee, J. Hsu et al.,

. Hung, Touching the void: direct-touch interaction for intangible displays, 2010.

J. E. Cutting and P. M. Vishton, Perceiving Layout and Knowing Distances, in Perception of Space and Motion, pp.69-117, 1995.

N. A. Dodgson, Variation and extrema of human interpupillary distance, pp.36-46, 2004.

M. O. Ernst and H. H. , Merging the senses into a robust percept, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.8, issue.4, pp.162-169, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.002

H. Hoffman, Physically touching virtual objects using tactile augmentation enhances the realism of virtual environments, Proceedings. IEEE 1998 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (Cat. No.98CB36180), pp.59-63, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/VRAIS.1998.658423

H. H. Hu, A. A. Gooch, W. B. Thompson, B. E. Smits, J. J. Rieser et al., Visual cues for imminent object contact in realistic virtual environments, Proceedings Visualization 2000. VIS 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37145), pp.179-185, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/VISUAL.2000.885692

B. E. Insko, Passive haptics significantly enhances virtual environments, 2001.

V. Interrante, B. Ries, and L. Anderson, Distance Perception in Immersive Virtual Environments, Revisited, IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006), pp.3-10, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2006.52

A. Kemeny, A cooperative driving simulator, Proceedings of the International Training Equipment Conference (ITEC), pp.67-71, 1993.

A. Kemeny and F. Panerai, Evaluating perception in driving simulation experiments, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.7, issue.1, pp.31-37, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00011-6

R. V. Kenyon, D. Sandin, R. C. Smith, R. Pawlicki, and T. Defanti, Size-Constancy in the CAVE, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.88, issue.2, pp.172-187, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/1421135

M. Kitagawa, D. Dokko, A. M. Okamura, B. T. Bethea, and D. D. Yuh, Effect of sensory substitution on suture manipulation forces for surgical teleoperation, Studies in health technology and informatics, pp.157-163, 2004.

A. Lassagne, A. Kemeny, J. Posselt, and F. Merienne, ? Performance of different haptics systems for tactile dashboard HMI design in CAVEs, 2017.

J. M. Loomis, J. A. Silva, J. W. Philbeck, and S. S. Fukusima, Visual Perception of Location and Distance, Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol.29, issue.3, pp.72-77, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8

C. Madison, W. Thompson, D. Kersten, P. Shirley, and B. Smits, Use of interreflection and shadow for surface contact, Perception & Psychophysics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.187-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1068/p070333

URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03194461.pdf

T. Mima, Brain structures related to active and passive finger movements in man, Brain, vol.122, issue.10, pp.1989-1997, 1999.
DOI : 10.1227/00006123-199505000-00005

URL : https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-pdf/122/10/1989/17874804/1221989.pdf

B. Petzold, M. F. Zaeh, B. Faerber, B. Deml, H. Egermeier et al., A study on visual, auditory, and haptic feedback for assembly tasks, Presence: teleoperators and virtual environments, pp.16-21, 2004.
DOI : 10.1162/105474604774048207

J. P. Wann, S. Rushton, and M. Mon-williams, Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments, Vision Research, vol.35, issue.19, pp.2731-2736, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-U

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-u

. Stuttgart, , 2017.

R. , .. K. Salisbury, F. Conti, and F. Barbagli, Survey -Haptic rendering: introductory concepts, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.24, issue.2, pp.24-32, 2004.

B. Hannaford and L. Wood, Performance evaluation of a 6 axis high fidelity generalized force reflecting teleoperator, 1989.

P. Galambos, Vibrotactile feedback for haptics and telemanipulation: Survey, concept and experiment, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, vol.9, issue.1, pp.41-65, 2012.

M. Kitagawa, D. Dokko, A. M. Okamura, B. T. Bethea, and D. D. Yuh, Effect of sensory substitution on suture manipulation forces for surgical teleoperation, Studies in health technology and informatics, pp.157-163, 2004.

R. V. Kenyon, M. Phenany, D. Sandin, and T. Defanti, Accommodation and sizeconstancy of virtual objects, Annals of biomedicalengineering, vol.36, issue.2, pp.342-348, 2008.

A. Lassagne, A. Kemeny, J. Posselt, and F. Merienne, Performance Evaluation of Passive Haptic Feedback for Tactile HMI Design in CAVEs, IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol.11, issue.1, pp.1-1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1109/TOH.2017.2755653

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01948560

, Comparing Tangible and Fully Virtual Haptic Systems for HMI Studies in Simulated Driving Situations, 2017.

A. R. Richardson and D. Waller, Interaction With an Immersive Virtual Environment Corrects Users' Distance Estimates, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.61, issue.09, pp.507-517, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02350

C. ,

A. Sutcliffe, B. Gault, T. Fernando, and K. Tan, Investigating interaction in CAVE virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.13, issue.2, pp.235-267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1165734.1165738

L. Dominjon, A. Lécuyer, J. Burkhardt, and S. Richir, A Comparison of Three Techniques to Interact in Large Virtual Environments Using Haptic Devices with Limited Workspace, Advances in Computer Graphics, pp.288-299, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11784203_25

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00750834

F. Pavani, C. Spence, and J. Driver, Visual Capture of Touch: Out-of-the-Body Experiences With Rubber Gloves, Psychological Science, vol.1, issue.5, pp.353-359, 2000.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03210933

B. Lenggenhager, T. Tadi, T. Metzinger, and O. Blanke, Video Ergo Sum: Manipulating Bodily Self-Consciousness, Science, vol.25, issue.3, pp.1096-1099, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2612-04.2005

F. Wang and X. Ren, Empirical evaluation for finger input properties in multi-touch interaction, Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI 09, p.1063, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1518701.1518864

M. O. Ernst and H. H. Bülthoff, Merging the senses into a robust percept, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.8, issue.4, pp.162-169, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.002

G. Klir and B. Yuan, Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, 1995.

K. J. Aström and T. Hägglund, PID controllers: theory, design, and tuning, 1995.

R. E. Kalman, A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems, Journal of Basic Engineering, vol.82, issue.1, pp.35-45, 1960.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3662552

URL : http://fluidsengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/journals/jfega4/27220/35_1.pdf

A. Kemeny, A cooperative driving simulator, Proceedings of the International Training Equipment Conference (ITEC), pp.67-71, 1993.

, Système de sélection (30) dans un environnement virtuel immersif (11), comprenant : -un système d'affichage (17) en 3D apte à afficher un élément graphique 5, REVENDICATIONS 1

, de sélection dans une région d'une surface virtuelle de commande, -un système de localisation (18) et de détection des mouvements de la tête d'un utilisateur et d'un moyen de pointage (22) tenu par ledit utilisateur, ledit système de sélection (30) comprenant une interface apte à détecter l'approche et la position du moyen de pointage par rapport à ladite surface 10

, 33) d'un élément graphique de sélection (31), caractérisé en ce que l'interface est apte à modifier la zone de sélection (33) de l'élément de sélection (31) en gardant l'affichage dudit élément (31) figé, quand la position d'impact (35) du moyen de pointage (22) avec l'élément de 15 sélection sur la surface de commande diffère d'une position efficace, virtuelle de commande pour atteindre une zone de sélection

, Système de sélection (30) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'interface déplace la position efficace (36) de sélection de l'élément de sélection, p.20

, Système de sélection (30) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'interface est apte à modifier la position efficace (36) de la zone de sélection (33) de l'élément graphique selon les positions des N derniers pointages de l

, Système de sélection (30) selon la revendication 3, p.25

, ce que l'interface évalue la cohérence entre la moyenne des N-1 avant-dernières positions de pointage avec la dernière position

, Système de sélection (30) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'interface de sélection définit la nouvelle position efficace de la zone de C-XVI 20

, sélection de l'élément sélectionné en fonction de la moyenne des positions des N-J avant-dernières positions de pointage (35)

, Système de sélection (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce

, Système de sélection (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la zone de sélection (33) est centrée sur la position efficace, du même élément de sélection (31) est supérieur ou égal à 5. 7

, Système de sélection (30) selon l'une quelconque des 10 revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de pointage (22) est un élément de suivi (20) tenu à l'extrémité d'un

C. ,