J. Abiteboul, Transport turbulent et néoclassique de quantité de mouvement toroidale dans les plasmas de tokamak, 2012.

P. Angelino, A. Bottino, and R. Hatzky, On the denition of a kinetic equilibrium in global gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas, vol.13, p.52304, 2006.

H. Arnichand, Identication of Trapped Electron Modes in Frequency Fluctuation Spectra of fusion plasmas, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01527460

Y. Asahi, A. Ishizawa, T. Watanabe, H. Tsutsui, and S. Tsuji-iio, Regulation of electron temperature gradient turbulence by zonal ows driven by trapped electron modes, Physics of Plasmas, vol.21, issue.5, p.52306, 2014.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4875740

Y. Asahi, V. Grandgirard, Y. Idomura, X. Garbet, G. Latu et al., Benchmarking of ux-driven full-f gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas, vol.24, issue.10, p.102515, 2017.

, ITER Physics Basis. Chapter 2: Plasma connement and transport, vol.47, 2007.

A. Biancalani, A. Bottino, C. Ehrlacher, V. Grandgirard, G. Merlo et al., Cross-code gyrokinetic verication and benchmark on the linear collisionless dynamics of the geodesic acoustic mode, Physics of Plasmas, vol.24, issue.6, p.62512, 2017.

A. Bottino, B. Scott, S. Brunner, B. F. Mcmillan, T. M. Tran et al., Global nonlinear electromagnetic simulations of tokamak turbulence, IEEE Transactions on, vol.38, issue.9, pp.2129-2135, 2010.

A. Bottino, . Vernay, . Scott, . Brunner, . Hatzky et al., Global simulations of tokamak microturbulence: nite-beta eects and collisions, vol.53, p.124027, 2011.

C. Bourdelle, Analyse de stabilité de plasmas de tokamak, vol.189, p.190, 2000.

A. J. Brizard and T. S. Hahm, Foundations of nonlinear gyrokinetic theory, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.79, issue.2, p.421468, 2007.

J. Candy and R. E. Waltz, An eulerian gyrokinetic-maxwell solver, JOCP, vol.186, issue.2, p.545581, 2003.

Y. Chen, S. E. Parker, B. I. Cohen, A. M. Dimits, W. M. Nevins et al.,

J. N. Decyk and . Leboeuf, Simulations of turbulent transport with kinetic electrons and electromagnetic eects, Nuclear Fusion, vol.43, issue.10, p.1121, 2003.

Y. Chen and S. Parker, Gyrokinetic turbulence simulations with kinetic electrons, Physics of Plasmas, vol.8, issue.5, p.20952100, 2001.

Y. Chen and S. E. Parker, A ?f particle method for gyrokinetic simulations with kinetic electrons and electromagnetic perturbations, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.189, issue.2, pp.463-475, 2003.

J. W. Connor, R. J. Hastie, and J. B. Taylor, High mode number stability of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.365, p.117, 1720.

G. D. Conway, C. Angioni, F. Ryter, P. Sauter, and J. Vicente, Mean and oscillating plasma ows and turbulence interactions across the l?h connement transition, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.106, p.65001, 2011.

B. Coppi, M. N. Rosenbluth, and R. Z. Sagdeev, Instabilities due to temperature gradients in complex magnetic eld congurations, The Physics of Fluids, vol.10, issue.3, pp.582-587, 1967.

T. Dannert and F. Jenko, Gyrokinetic simulation of collisionless trappedelectron mode turbulence, Physics of Plasmas, vol.12, issue.7, p.72309, 2005.

R. E. Denton and M. Kotschenreuther, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.119, issue.2, p.283294, 1995.

G. Dif-pradalier, V. Grandgirard, Y. Sarazin, X. Garbet, . Ph et al., On the inuence of initial state on gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas, vol.15, issue.4, p.42315, 2008.

M. Andris and . Dimits, Gyrokinetic equations in an extended ordering, Physics of Plasmas, vol.17, issue.5, p.55901, 2010.

J. Dominski, S. Brunner, T. Görler, F. Jenko, D. Told et al., How nonadiabatic passing electron layers of linear microinstabilities aect turbulent transport, Physics of Plasmas, vol.22, issue.6, p.62303, 2015.

J. Dominski, B. F. Mcmillan, S. Brunner, G. Merlo, T. Tran et al., An arbitrary wavelength solver for global gyrokinetic simulations. application to the study of ne radial structures on microturbulence due to non-adiabatic passing electron dynamics, Physics of Plasmas, vol.24, issue.2, p.22308, 2017.

W. Dorland, F. Jenko, M. Kotschenreuther, and B. N. Rogers, Electron temperature gradient turbulence, Physics Review Letters, issue.85, p.55795582, 2000.

T. Drouot, E. Gravier, T. Reveille, M. Sarrat, M. Collard et al., Global gyrokinetic simulations of trapped-electron mode and trapped-ion mode microturbulence, Physics of Plasmas, vol.22, issue.8, p.82302, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01285770

T. Drouot, E. Gravier, T. Reveille, A. Ghizzo, P. Bertrand et al., A gyro-kinetic model for trapped electron and ion modes, The European Physical Journal D, vol.68, issue.10, p.280, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286883

D. Estève, Etude gyrocinétique du transport multi-espèces néoclassique et turbulent dans un plasma de fusion, 2015.

F. Y. Gang, P. H. Diamond, and M. N. Rosenbluth, A kinetic theory of trapped?electron?driven drift wave turbulence in a sheared magnetic eld, Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, vol.3, issue.1, p.6886, 1991.

X. Garbet, Instabilités, turbulence et transport dans un plasma magnétisé

, Habilitation dissertation, 2001.

X. Garbet, G. Dif-pradalier, C. Nguyen, Y. Sarazin, V. Grandgirard et al., Neoclassical equilibrium in gyrokinetic simulations, PoP, vol.16, issue.6, p.62503, 2009.

X. Garbet, P. Donnel, C. Ehrlacher, E. Caschera, R. Dumont et al., On the relationship between residual zonal ows and bump-on tail saturated instabilities, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.775, issue.1, p.12004, 2016.

X. Garbet, L. Garzotti, P. Mantica, H. Nordman, M. Valovic et al., Turbulent particle transport in magnetized plasmas, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.91, p.35001, 2003.

X. Garbet, C. Mantica, . Angioni, . Asp, C. Baranov et al., Physics of transport in tokamaks. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.46, p.557, 2004.

P. Ghendrih, Cours de Master 2-Plasmas de Bords, 0192.

J. Girardo, Control of instabilities and turbulence by fast particles in fusion plasmas, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01276865

J. Glanz, Turbulence may sink titanic reactor, Science, vol.274, issue.5293, p.1600, 1996.

H. Goldstein, C. Poole, and J. Safko, Classical Mechanics, 2002.

J. Robert, P. Goldston, and . Rutherford, Introduction to plasma physics, 1995.

V. Grandgirard, J. Abiteboul, J. Bigot, T. Cartier-michaud, N. Crouseilles et al., A 5d gyrokinetic full-f global semi-lagrangian code for uxdriven ion turbulence simulations, Computer Physics Communications, vol.207, pp.35-68, 2016.

E. Gravier, M. Lesur, T. Reveille, and T. Drouot, Stimulated zonal ow generation in the case of tem and tim microturbulence, Physics of Plasmas, vol.23, issue.9, p.92507, 2016.

E. Gravier, Etude expérimentale des régimes dynamiques des ondes de dérive dans un plasma magnétise de laboratoire. Controle du chaos spatio-temporel, 1999.

M. Greenwald, Density limits in toroidal plasmas, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.44, issue.8, p.27, 2002.

G. Hammett, M. Beer, S. Dorland, S. Cowley, and . Smith, Developments in the gyrouid approach to tokamak turbulence simulations, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.35, issue.8, p.973, 1993.

F. Hariri and M. Ottaviani, A ux-coordinate independent eld-aligned approach to plasma turbulence simulations, Computer Physics Communications, vol.184, issue.11, pp.2419-2429, 2013.

A. Hasegawa and M. Wakatani, Plasma edge turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.50, p.682686, 1983.

R. D. Hazeltine and J. D. Meiss, , 2003.

P. Helander, C. Beidler, T. Bird, Y. Drevlak, . Feng et al., Stellarator and tokamak plasmas: a comparison, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.54, issue.12, p.124009, 2012.

P. Helander and D. J. Sigmar, Collisional Transport in Magnetized Plasmas. Cambridge university press, 2002.

S. Ichimaru, BasicPrinciples of Plasma Physics. Frontiers in physics, 1973.

Y. Idomura, A new hybrid kinetic electron model for full-f gyrokinetic simulations, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.313, pp.511-531, 2016.

Y. Idomura, S. Tokuda, and Y. Kishimoto, Global gyrokinetic simulation of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence in plasmas using a canonical maxwellian distribution, Nuclear Fusion, vol.43, issue.4, p.234, 2003.

F. Jenko, W. Dorland, M. Kotschenreuther, and B. N. Rogers, Electron temperature gradient driven turbulence, Physics of Plasmas, vol.7, issue.5, p.19041910, 2000.

B. B. Kadomtsev and O. P. Pogutse, Turbulence in Toroidal Systems, vol.5, p.249, 1970.

M. D. Kruskal and R. M. Kulsrud, Equilibrium of a magnetically conned plasma in a toroid, The Physics of Fluids, vol.1, issue.4, p.265274, 1958.

M. Lai, A note on nite dierence discretizations for poisson equation on a disk, Numerical Methods for Partial Dierential Equations, vol.17, issue.3, 2001.

G. Latu, M. Mehrenberger, Y. Güçlü, M. Ottaviani, and E. Sonnendrücker, Field-aligned interpolation for semi-lagrangian gyrokinetic simulations, Journal of Scientic Computing, vol.74, issue.3, p.16011650, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01315889

J. Lawson, Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor, Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, vol.70, issue.1, p.6, 1957.

W. W. Lee, Gyrokinetic approach in particle simulation, Physics of Fluids, vol.26, issue.2, p.556562, 1983.

C. Paulett and . Liewer, Measurements of microturbulence in tokamaks and comparisons with theories of turbulence and anomalous transport, Nuclear Fusion, vol.25, issue.5, p.543, 1985.

R. G. Littlejohn, Variational principles of guiding centre motion, Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.29, issue.1, p.111125, 1983.

F. Merz and F. Jenko, Nonlinear saturation of trapped electron modes via perpendicular particle diusion, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.100, p.35005, 2008.

F. Merz and F. Jenko, Nonlinear interplay of tem and itg turbulence and its eect on transport, Nuclear Fusion, vol.50, issue.5, p.54005, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/0029-5515/50/5/054005

C. Nguyen, X. Garbet, and A. I. Smolyakov, Variational derivation of the dispersion relation of kinetic coherent modes in the acoustic frequency range in tokamaks, Physics of Plasmas, vol.15, issue.11, p.112502, 2008.

C. Nguyen, Magneto-hydrodynamic activity and energetic particles : application to Beta Alfvén Eigenmodes, 0194.

D. R. Nicholson, Introduction to Plasma Theory, 1983.

M. Ottaviani, An alternative approach to eld-aligned coordinates for plasma turbulence simulations, Physics Letters A, vol.375, issue.15, pp.1677-1685, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physleta.2011.02.069

URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1002.0748

J. Rax, Physique des Tokamaks. Les Editions de l'Ecole Polytechnique-Ellipses, 2012.

G. Rewoldt, Z. Lin, and Y. Idomura, Linear comparison of gyrokinetic codes with trapped electrons, Computer Physics Communications, vol.177, issue.10, pp.775-780, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cpc.2007.06.017

F. Romanelli and F. Zonca, The radial structure of the ion?temperature?gradient?driven mode, Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, vol.5, issue.11, p.40814089, 1993.

M. N. Rosenbluth and F. L. Hinton, Poloidal ow driven by ion-temperature-gradient turbulence in tokamaks, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.4, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.80.724

Y. Sarazin, Cours de Master 2-Turbulence et Transport, 2013.

Y. Sarazin, V. Grandgirard, J. Abiteboul, S. Allfrey, X. Garbet et al.,

T. M. Mcmillan, L. Tran, S. Villard, A. Jolliet, P. Bottino et al., Predictions on heat transport and plasma rotation from global gyrokinetic simulations, Nuclear Fusion, vol.51, issue.10, p.103023, 2011.

B. Scott, Three-dimensional computation of drift alfvén turbulence, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.39, issue.10, p.1635, 1997.
DOI : 10.1088/0741-3335/39/10/010

URL : http://edoc.mpg.de/get.epl?fid=113334&did=668480&ver=0

H. Sugama and T. H. Watanabe, Collisionless damping of geodesic acoustic modes, Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.74, issue.1, p.139140, 2006.

H. Sugama and T. H. Watanabe, Collisionless damping of geodesic acoustic modes, Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.74, issue.1, p.139140, 2008.

R. E. Waltz, J. Candy, and M. Fahey, Coupled ion temperature gradient and trapped electron mode to electron temperature gradient mode gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas, vol.14, issue.5, p.56116, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2436851

R. E. Waltz, G. D. Kerbel, and J. Milovich, Toroidal gyro-landau uid model turbulence simulations in a nonlinear ballooning mode representation with radial modes, Physics of Plasmas, vol.1, issue.7, p.22292244, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.870934

J. Weiland and A. Hirose, Electromagnetic and kinetic eects on the ion temperature gradient mode, Nuclear Fusion, vol.32, issue.1, p.151, 1992.
DOI : 10.1088/0029-5515/32/1/i13

N. Winsor, J. L. Johnson, and J. M. Dawson, Geodesic acoustic waves in hydromagnetic systems, The Physics of Fluids, vol.11, issue.11, p.195, 1968.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1691835

D. Zarzoso, X. Garbet, Y. Sarazin, R. Dumont, and V. Grandgirard, Fully kinetic description of the linear excitation and nonlinear saturation of fast-ion-driven geodesic acoustic mode instability, Physics of Plasmas, vol.19, issue.2, p.22102, 2012.

D. Zarzoso, Y. Sarazin, X. Garbet, R. Dumont, A. Strugarek et al., Impact of energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic modes on turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.110, p.125002, 2013.

H. S. Zhang and Z. Lin, Trapped electron damping of geodesic acoustic mode, Physics of Plasmas, vol.17, issue.7, p.72502, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3447879

F. Zonca and L. Chen, Radial structures and nonlinear excitation of geodesic acoustic modes, Europhysics Letters), vol.83, issue.3, p.35001, 2008.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/83/35001

F. Zonca, L. Chen, and R. Santoro, Kinetic theory of low-frequency alfvén modes in tokamaks, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol.38, issue.11, p.2011, 1996.