M. Addis and M. B. Holbrook, On the conceptual link between mass customisation and experiential consumption: an explosion of subjectivity, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol.1, issue.1, pp.50-66, 2001.

M. Agogué, N. Poirel, A. Pineau, O. Houdé, and M. Cassotti, The impact of age and training on creativity: A design-theory approach to study fixation effects, Thinking Skills and Creativity, vol.11, issue.1, pp.33-41, 2014.

K. Ashok, W. R. Dillon, and S. Yuan, Extending discrete choice models to incorporate attitudinal and other latent variables, Journal of Marketing Research, vol.39, issue.1, pp.31-46, 2002.

B. J. Babin, W. R. Darden, and M. Griffin, Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.20, issue.4, pp.644-656, 1994.

S. R. Bauer and P. Mead, After you open the box: Making smart products more usable, useful, and desirable through interactive technology, Design Management Journal, vol.6, issue.4, pp.21-26, 1995.

C. Baur and D. Wee, Manufacturing's next act; McKinsey; www.mckinsey.com, 2015.

J. Bechtold, A. Kern, C. Lauenstein, and L. Bernhofer,

E. C. Hirschman and M. B. Holbrook, Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions, Journal of Marketing, vol.46, issue.3, pp.92-101, 1982.

S. Hoeffler and D. Ariely, Constructing stable preferences: A look into dimensions of experience and their impact on preference stability, Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.113-139, 1999.

M. B. Holbrook and E. C. Hirschman, The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.9, issue.2, pp.132-140, 1982.

D. B. Holt, How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1995.

J. C. Ihl, Marketing for mass customization: Consumer behavior and marketing policies in the context of customizable products, 2009.

S. S. Iyengar and M. R. Lepper, Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.349-366, 1999.

L. B. Jeppesen, User toolkits for innovation: Consumers support each other, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.22, issue.4, pp.347-362, 2005.

T. Kramer, The effect of measurement task transparency on preference construction and evaluations of personalized recommendations, Journal of Marketing Research, vol.44, issue.2, pp.224-233, 2007.

K. R. Lakhani and E. Hippel, How open source software works:"free" user-to-user assistance, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.6, pp.923-943, 2003.

L. Masson, P. Weil, B. Hatchuel, and A. , Design theory: Methods and organization for innovation, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01481877

D. Mcfadden, The choice theory approach to market research, Marketing Science, vol.5, issue.4, pp.275-297, 1986.

R. Mckenna, Giving customers what they want in an anytime, anywhere world, 2002.

G. R. Milne, Privacy and ethical issues in database/interactive marketing and public policy: A research framework and overview of the special issue, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-6, 2000.

C. P. Moreau, L. Bonney, and K. B. Herd, It's the thought (and the effort) that counts: How customizing for others differs from customizing for oneself, Journal of Marketing, vol.75, issue.5, pp.120-133, 2011.

D. A. Norman, The design of everyday things, 1998.

B. Obama, State of the union 2013; The White House; www.obamawhitehouse.archive.gov, 2015.

A. F. Payne, K. Storbacka, and P. Frow, Managing the co-creation of value, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol.36, issue.1, pp.83-96, 2008.

D. Peppers and M. Rogers, Entreprise one to one, 1997.

F. Piller, Mass customization: Reflections on the state of the concept, Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, vol.16, issue.4, p.34, 2005.

F. Piller, Mass customisation: A strategy for customer-centric enterprises, Customer-Driven Supply Chains, pp.71-94, 2012.

F. Piller, J. C. Ihl, and F. Steiner, Embedded toolkits for user co-design: A technology acceptance study of product adaptability in the usage stage, Proceedings of the 43th, 2010.

, Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS). IEE

F. Piller and F. Salvador, Design toolkits, organizational capabilities, and firm performance, Revolutionizing innovation: Users, communities, and open innovation, pp.483-509, 2016.

B. J. Pine, Mass customization: The new frontier in business competition, 1993.

B. J. Pine, D. Peppers, and M. Rogers, Do you want to keep your customers forever?, Harvard Business Review, vol.73, issue.2, pp.103-117, 1995.

, Introduction. Essays on Smart Customization, vol.45

M. E. Porter and . J. Heppelmann, How smart, connected products are transforming competition, Harvard Business Review, vol.92, issue.11, pp.64-88, 2014.

C. K. Prahalad and V. Ramaswamy, The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers, 2004.

R. Prügl and M. Schreier, Learning from leading-edge customers at The Sims: opening up the innovation process using toolkits, R&D Management, vol.36, issue.3, pp.237-250, 2006.

T. Randall, C. Terwiesch, and K. T. Ulrich, Principles for user design of customized products, California Management Review, vol.47, issue.4, pp.68-85, 2005.

A. Rangaswamy and N. Pal, Gaining business value from personalization technologies, 2003.

S. A. Rijsdijk, Smart products: consumer evaluations of a new product class, 2006.

S. A. Rijsdijk and E. J. Hultink, Consumer evaluations of autonomous domestic products, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.20, issue.3, pp.204-216, 2003.

S. A. Rijsdijk and E. J. Hultink, How today's consumers perceive tomorrow's smart products, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.26, issue.1, pp.24-42, 2009.

E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of innovations, 1995.

N. Rosenberg, Inside the black box: Technology and economics, 1982.

M. Schreier, The value increment of mass-customized products: an empirical assessment, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol.5, issue.4, pp.317-327, 2006.

B. Schwartz, The paradox of choice: Why more is less, 2004.

I. Simonson, Determinants of customers' responses to customized offers: Conceptual framework and research propositions, Journal of Marketing, vol.69, issue.1, pp.32-45, 2005.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.405060

P. Slovic, The construction of preference, American Psychologist, vol.50, issue.5, pp.364-371, 1995.

N. Syam, P. Krishnamurthy, and J. D. Hess, That's what I thought I wanted? Miswanting and regret for a standard good in a mass-customized world, Marketing Science, vol.27, issue.3, pp.379-397, 2008.

S. Wikstroem, Value Creation by company-consumer interaction, Journal of Marketing Management, vol.12, issue.5, pp.359-74, 1996.

J. Wind and A. Rangaswamy, Customerization: The next revolution in mass customization, Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol.15, issue.1, pp.13-32, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/1520-6653(200124)15:1<13::aid-dir1001>3.0.co;2-#

Y. Wang and M. M. Tseng, Identifying emerging customer requirements in an early design stage by applying bayes factor-based sequential analysis, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol.61, issue.1, pp.129-137, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/tem.2013.2248729

C. Weller, R. Kleer, and F. T. Piller, Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited, International Journal of Production Economics, vol.164, pp.43-56, 2015.

M. Addis and M. B. Holbrook, On the conceptual link between mass customisation and experiential consumption: an explosion of subjectivity, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol.1, issue.1, pp.50-66, 2001.

B. J. Babin, W. R. Darden, and M. Griffin, Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.20, issue.4, pp.644-656, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/209376

S. R. Bauer and P. Mead, After you open the box: Making smart products more usable, useful, and desirable through interactive technology, Design Management Journal, vol.6, issue.4, pp.21-26, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1948-7169.1995.tb00453.x

J. Bechtold, A. Kern, C. Lauenstein, and L. Bernhofer,

N. Franke, E. Von-hippel, and M. Schreier, Finding commercially attractive user innovations: A test of lead-user theory, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.23, issue.4, pp.301-315, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00203.x

URL : http://epub.wu.ac.at/3118/1/working_paper_final.pdf

U. Gross and D. Antons, Embedded open toolkits for user innovation: Postponing new product development decisions into the customer domain, Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Information Systems, 2009.

M. B. Guilabert, Attitudes toward consumer-customized high-tech products: The role of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and customer customization sensitivity, 2005.

S. H. Han, M. H. Yun, J. Kwahk, and S. W. Hong, Usability of consumer electronic products, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.28, issue.3, pp.143-151, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/s0169-8141(01)00025-7

G. Hermans, Investigating the unexplored possibilities of digital physical toolkits in lay design, International Journal of Design, vol.8, issue.2, pp.15-28, 2014.

E. C. Hirschman and M. B. Holbrook, Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions, Journal of Marketing, vol.46, issue.3, pp.92-101, 1982.
DOI : 10.1177/002224298204600314

S. Hoeffler and D. Ariely, Constructing stable preferences: A look into dimensions of experience and their impact on preference stability, Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.113-139, 1999.

M. B. Holbrook and E. C. Hirschman, The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.9, issue.2, pp.132-140, 1982.
DOI : 10.1086/208906

N. References-abdelkafi, Variety induced complexity in mass customization: Concepts and management, 2008.

J. Alba, J. Lynch, B. Weitz, C. Janiszewski, R. Lutz et al., Interactive home shopping: Consumer, retailer, and manufacturer incentives to participate in electronic marketplaces, Journal of Marketing, vol.61, issue.3, pp.38-53, 1997.

K. Ashok, W. R. Dillon, and S. Yuan, Extending discrete choice models to incorporate attitudinal and other latent variables, Journal of Marketing Research, vol.39, issue.1, pp.31-46, 2002.

B. J. Babin, W. R. Darden, and M. Griffin, Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.20, issue.4, pp.644-656, 1994.

J. Bechtold, A. Kern, C. Lauenstein, and L. Bernhofer,

M. Ben-akiva and B. Boccara, Discrete choice models with latent choice sets, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol.12, issue.1, pp.9-24, 1995.

M. E. Ben-akiva and S. R. Lerman, Discrete choice analysis: Theory and application to travel demand, 1985.

B. Berman, 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution, Business Horizons, vol.55, issue.2, pp.155-162, 2012.

J. R. Bettman, M. F. Luce, and J. W. Payne, Constructive consumer choice processes, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.25, issue.3, pp.187-217, 1998.

N. Bharadwaj, R. W. Naylor, and F. Ter-hofstede, Consumer response to and choice of customized versus standardized systems, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol.26, issue.3, pp.216-227, 2009.

T. Blecker, G. Friedrich, B. Kaluza, N. Abdelkafi, and G. Kreutler, Information and management systems for product customization, 2005.

S. Botti and S. S. Iyengar, The dark side of choice: When choice impairs social welfare, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol.25, issue.1, pp.24-38, 2006.

I. Brown, Entre firme et usagers: Des biens génératifs d'usages. Théorie des biens comme espaces de conception, 2013.

I. I. Article, Conceptualizing Smart Toolkits in Accordance with Customer Preferences 126

E. M. Caudill and P. E. Murphy, Consumer online privacy: Legal and ethical issues, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol.19, issue.1, pp.7-19, 2000.

T. L. Childers, C. L. Carr, J. Peck, and S. Carson, Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior, Journal of Retailing, vol.77, issue.4, pp.511-535, 2001.

S. Cook, The contribution revolution, Harvard Business Review, vol.86, issue.10, pp.60-69, 2008.

L. A. Crosby, K. R. Evans, and D. Cowles, Relationship quality in services selling: An interpersonal influence perspective, Journal of Marketing, vol.54, issue.3, pp.68-81, 1990.

M. Csikszentmihalyi, Creativity:Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention, 1996.

P. A. Dabholkar, Consumer evaluations of new technology-based self-service options: An investigation of alternative models of service quality, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol.13, issue.1, pp.29-51, 1996.

P. A. Dabholkar and R. P. Bagozzi, An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol.30, issue.3, pp.184-201, 2002.

E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, 1985.

B. G. Dellaert and P. A. Dabholkar, Increasing the attractiveness of mass customization: The role of complementary on-line services and range of options, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol.13, issue.3, pp.43-70, 2009.

B. G. Dellaert and S. Stremersch, Marketing mass-customized products: Striking a balance between utility and complexity, Journal of Marketing Research, vol.42, issue.2, pp.219-227, 2005.

R. Den-buurman, User-centred design of smart products, Ergonomics, vol.40, issue.10, pp.1159-1169, 1997.

T. Elrod, J. J. Louviere, and K. S. Davey, An empirical comparison of ratings-based and choice-based conjoint models, Journal of Marketing Research, vol.29, issue.3, pp.368-377, 1992.

E. and T. , The digital company 2013: How technology will empower the customer; The Economist Intelligence Unit; www.pwc.com, 2008.

A. M. Fiore, H. Jin, and J. Kim, For fun and profit: Hedonic value from image interactivity and responses toward an online store, Psychology and Marketing, vol.22, issue.8, pp.669-694, 2005.

B. Fischhoff, Value elicitation: Is there anything in there?, American Psychologist, vol.46, issue.8, pp.835-847, 1991.

N. Franke and C. Hader, Mass or only "niche customization"? Why we should interpret configuration toolkits as learning instruments, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.31, issue.6, pp.1214-1234, 2014.

N. Franke and F. T. Piller, Key research issues in user interaction with user toolkits in a mass customisation system, International Journal of Technology Management, vol.26, issue.5, pp.578-599, 2003.

N. Franke and F. Piller, Value creation by toolkits for user innovation and design: The case of the watch market, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.21, issue.6, pp.401-415, 2004.

N. Franke and H. Reisinger, Remaining within-cluster variance: A meta-analysis of the "dark side" of cluster analysis, 2002.

N. Franke and M. Schreier, Why customers value self-designed products: The importance of process effort and enjoyment, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1020-1031, 2010.

N. Franke, M. Schreier, and U. Kaiser, The "I designed it myself" effect in mass customization, Management Science, vol.56, issue.1, pp.125-140, 2010.

N. Franke and E. Hippel, Satisfying heterogeneous user needs via innovation toolkits: The case of Apache security software, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.7, pp.1199-1215, 2003.

C. Goodwin, Privacy: Recognition of a consumer right, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol.10, issue.1, pp.149-166, 1991.

U. Gross and D. Antons, Embedded open toolkits for user innovation: Postponing new product development decisions into the customer domain, Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Information Systems, 2009.

M. B. Guilabert, Attitudes toward consumer-customized high-tech products: The role of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and customer customization Sensitivity, 2005.

J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, R. E. Anderson, and R. L. Tatham, Multivariate data analysis, 1998.

G. Hermans, Investigating the unexplored possibilities of digital physical toolkits in lay design, International Journal of Design, vol.8, issue.2, pp.15-28, 2014.

E. C. Hirschman and M. B. Holbrook, Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions, Journal of Marketing, vol.46, issue.3, pp.92-101, 1982.

S. J. Hoch, E. T. Bradlow, and B. Wansink, The variety of an assortment, Marketing Science, vol.18, issue.4, pp.527-546, 1999.

S. Hoeffler and D. Ariely, Constructing stable preferences: A look into dimensions of experience and their impact on preference stability, Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.113-139, 1999.

N. References-abdelkafi, Variety induced complexity in mass customization: Concepts and management, 2008.

M. Agogué, N. Poirel, A. Pineau, O. Houdé, and M. Cassotti, The impact of age and training on creativity: A design-theory approach to study fixation effects, Thinking Skills and Creativity, vol.11, issue.1, pp.33-41, 2014.

C. Baur and D. Wee, Manufacturing's next act; McKinsey; www.mckinsey.com, 2015.

J. Bechtold, A. Kern, C. Lauenstein, and L. Bernhofer,

J. R. Bettman, M. F. Luce, and J. W. Payne, Constructive consumer choice processes, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.25, issue.3, pp.187-217, 1998.

P. H. Bloch, Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response, The Journal of Marketing, vol.59, issue.3, pp.16-29, 1995.

S. Botti and S. Iyengar, The dark side of choice: When choice impairs social welfare, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol.25, issue.1, pp.24-38, 2006.

U. Brandes, S. Stich, and M. Wender, Design by use: The everyday metamorphosis of things, 2009.

I. Brown, Entre firme et usagers: Des biens génératifs d´usages. Théorie des biens comme espace de conception, 2013.

E. and T. , The digital company 2013: How technology will empower the customer

, The Economist Intelligence Unit; www.pwc.com, 2008.

N. Franke and F. Piller, Key research issues in user interaction with user toolkits in a mass customisation system, International Journal of Technology Management, vol.26, issue.5, pp.578-599, 2003.

N. Franke and F. Piller, Value creation by toolkits for user innovation and design: The case of the watch market, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.21, issue.6, pp.401-415, 2004.

N. Franke and M. Schreier, Entrepreunarial opportunities with toolkits for user innovation and design, International Journal of Media Management, vol.4, issue.4, pp.225-259, 2002.

N. Franke and M. Schreier, Why customers value self-designed products: The importance of process effort and enjoyment, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1020-1031, 2010.

N. Franke and S. Shah, How communities support innovative activities: An exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.1, pp.157-178, 2003.

N. Franke and E. Hippel, Satisfying heterogeneous user needs via innovation toolkits: The case of Apache security software, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.7, pp.1199-1215, 2003.

N. Franke, E. Von-hippel, and M. Schreier, Finding commercially attractive user innovations: A test of lead-user theory, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.23, issue.4, pp.301-315, 2006.

O. Gapihan and S. Le-mestre, Méthode de conception et compétences des consommateurs. Mémoire de Maitrise, Mines ParisTech, 2008.

U. Gross and D. Antons, Embedded open toolkits for user innovation: Postponing new product development decisions into the customer domain, Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Information Systems, 2009.

A. Hatchuel and B. Weil, A new approach of innovative Design: An introduction to C-K theory, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, 2003.

A. Hatchuel and B. Weil, C-K design theory: An advanced formulation, Research in Engineering Design, vol.19, issue.4, pp.181-192, 2009.

A. Hatchuel, Y. Reich, P. Le-masson, B. Weil, and A. Kazakçi, Beyond models and decisions: Situating design through generative functions, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01485144

G. Hermans, A model for evaluating the solution space of mass customization toolkits, International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol.3, issue.4, pp.205-2014, 2012.

G. Hermans, Investigating the unexplored possibilities of digital physical toolkits in lay design, International Journal of Design, vol.8, issue.2, pp.15-28, 2014.

L. B. Jeppesen, User toolkits for innovation: Consumers support each other, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.22, issue.4, pp.347-362, 2005.

V. Krishnan and K. T. Ulrich, Product development decisions: A review of the literature, Management Science, vol.47, issue.1, pp.1-21, 2001.

K. R. Lakhani and E. Hippel, How open source software works: "Free" user-to-user assistance, Research Policy, vol.32, issue.6, pp.923-943, 2003.

L. Masson, P. Weil, B. Hatchuel, and A. , Design theory: Methods and organization for innovation, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01481877

, Marketing Science Institute, 2016.

R. Mckenna, Giving customers what they want in an anytime, anywhere world, 2002.

G. A. Miller, The magic number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information, Psychological Review, vol.63, pp.91-97, 1956.

G. Pahl and W. Beitz, Engineering design: A systematic approach, 1996.

F. Piller, Mass customization: Reflections on the state of the concept, Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, vol.16, issue.4, pp.31-34, 2005.

F. Piller and F. Salvador, Design toolkits, organizational capabilities, and firm performance, Revolutionizing innovation: Users, communities, and open innovation, pp.483-509, 2016.

R. Prügl and M. Schreier, Learning from leading-edge customers at The Sims: Opening up the innovation process using toolkits, R&D Management, vol.36, issue.3, pp.237-250, 2006.

S. A. Rijsdijk, Smart products: consumer evaluations of a new product class, 2006.

S. A. Rijsdijk and E. J. Hultink, How today's consumers perceive tomorrow's smart products, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.26, issue.1, pp.24-42, 2009.

N. Rosenberg, Inside the black box: Technology and economics, 1982.

B. Schwartz, The paradox of choice: Why more is less, 2004.

M. Schreier, The value increment of mass-customized products: An empirical assessment, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol.5, issue.4, pp.317-327, 2006.

J. A. Schumpeter, The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle, Transaction publishers, 1934.

N. P. Suh, The principles of design, 1990.

S. Thomke, The innovators´toolsinnovators´tools, Revolutionizing innovation: Users, communities, and open innovation, pp.459-481, 2016.

F. E. Udwadia and R. Kumar, Impact of customer co-construction in product/service markets, International Journal of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.40, issue.2, pp.261-72, 1991.

R. W. Veryzer, The place of product design and aesthetics in consumer research, Advances in Consumer Research, vol.22, pp.641-645, 1995.

E. Von-hippel, Lead users: A source of novel product concepts, Management Science, vol.32, issue.7, pp.791-805, 1986.

E. Von-hippel, The Sources of Innovation, 1988.

E. Von-hippel, Sticky information" and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation, Management Science, vol.40, issue.4, pp.429-439, 1994.

E. Von-hippel, Economics of product development by users: The impact of "sticky" local information, Management Science, vol.44, issue.5, pp.629-644, 1998.

E. Von-hippel, User toolkits for innovation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.18, issue.4, pp.247-257, 2001.

E. Von-hippel, Democratizing innovation, 2005.

E. Von-hippel and R. Katz, Shifting innovation to users via toolkits, Management Science, vol.48, issue.7, pp.821-833, 2002.

E. Von-hippel, S. Ogawa, and J. P. Jong, The age of the consumer-innovator, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol.53, issue.1, pp.27-35, 2011.