. Abaqus, Abaqus analysis user's guide, 2016.

A. J. Abbo and S. W. Sloan, An automatic load stepping algorithm with error control, International Journal For Numerical Methods In Engineering, vol.39, pp.1737-1759, 1996.

T. I. Addenbrooke, D. M. Potts, and A. M. Puzrin, The influence of pre-failure stiffness on the numerical analysis of tunnel construction, Géotechnique, vol.47, issue.3, pp.693-712, 1997.

M. Ahmed and M. Iskander, Evaluation of tunnel face stability by transparent soil models. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.27, pp.101-110, 2012.

C. Aksoy and T. Onargan, The role of umbrella arch and face bolt as deformation preventing support system in preventing building damages. Tunnelling and underground space technology, vol.25, pp.553-559, 2010.

A. Amorosi, D. Boldini, and V. Germano, Implicit integration of a mixed isotropic kinematic hardening plasticity model for structured clays, International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, vol.32, issue.10, pp.1173-1203, 2008.

A. W. Bishop and D. J. , The measurment of soil properties in the triaxial test, 1957.

G. Barla, Discussion on the full face method, Felsbau, vol.4, pp.26-30, 2004.

D. Bernaud, P. De-buhan, and S. Maghous, Calcul numérique des tunnels boulonnés par une méthode d'homogénéisation, pp.53-65, 1995.

R. Bilham, Borehole inclinometer monument for millimeter horizontal geodetic control accuracy, Geophysical research letters, vol.20, issue.20, pp.2159-2162, 1993.

E. Bilotta, A. Paolillo, G. Russo, and S. Aversa, Displacements induced by tunnelling under a historical building, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.61, pp.221-232, 2017.

M. A. Biot, General theory of three-dimensional consolidation, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.12, pp.155-164, 1941.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01368635

B. Bitetti, A. Mandolini, A. F. Van-tol, W. Broere, and R. Brinkgreve, On the effects of line 6 tunnel excavation in naples, Proceedings of the 7th int symp on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, pp.1019-1026, 2012.

L. Bjerrum, Engineering geology of norwegian normally-consolidated marine clays as related to settlements of buildings, Géotechnique, vol.17, pp.81-118, 1967.

C. Blom, Design philosophy of segmented linings for tunnels in soft soils, 2002.

D. Boldini, N. Losacco, S. Bertolin, and A. Amorosi, Finite element modelling of tunnelling-induced displacements on framed structures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.80, pp.222-231, 2018.

J. Briaud, Soil constitutive models, Geotechnical engineering : unsaturated and saturated soils, pp.345-369, 2013.

R. B. Brinkgreve, Geomaterial models and numerical analysis of softening, 1994.

C. Carranza-torres, Dimensionless graphical representation of the exact elastoplastic solution of a circular tunnel in a mohr-coulomb material subject to uniform far-field stresses, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol.36, pp.237-253, 2003.

C. Carranza-torres and C. Fairhurst, Application of the convergence-confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses taht satisfy the hoek-brown failure criterion. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.15, pp.187-213, 2000.

M. Caudron, M. Heib, B. Hor, and F. Emeriault, The ground movement simulator : An interesting facility for the study of the behavior of buildings submitted to ground subsidence, Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, pp.507-512, 2012.

T. Celestino, R. Gomes, and A. Bortolucci, Errors in ground distortions due to settlement trough adjustment. Tunnelling and underground space technology, vol.15, pp.97-100, 2000.

T. Chakraborty, R. Salgado, and D. Loukidis, A two-surface plasticity model for clay, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.49, pp.170-190, 2013.

P. Chambon and J. Corte, Shallow tunnels in cohesionless soil : stability of tunnel face, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol.120, issue.7, pp.1148-1165, 1994.

J. Chen, A monotonic bounding surface critical state model for clays, Acta Geotechnica, vol.12, pp.225-230, 2017.

R. Chen, S. Zhu, P. Hong, W. Cheng, and Y. Cui, A two-surface plasticity model for cyclic behavior of saturated clay, Acta Geotechnica, vol.14, issue.2, pp.279-293, 2019.

C. Chheng and S. Likitlersuang, Underground excavation behaviour in bangkok using three-dimensional finite element method. Computers and Geotechnics, vol.95, pp.68-81, 2018.

C. Ma, X. D. , and D. Lu, Developing a 3d elastoplastic constitutive model for soils : A new approach based on characteristic stress, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.86, pp.129-140, 2017.

C. A. Coulomb, Essai sur une application des regles de maximis et minimis a quelques problemes de statique relatifs a l'architecture (essay on maximums and minimums of rules to some static problems relating to architecture), 1776.

O. Coussy, , 2004.

. Crossrail, , 2019.

S. Curtil, B. Stützl, and C. Coppalle, Puits et galerie d'essais calmette (ligne11) : efficience du jet grouting et du boulonnage de front dans les argiles vertes, Journées nationales de géotechnique et de géologie de l'ingénieur, 2018.

Y. F. Dafalias, The concept and application of the bounding surface in plasticity theory, Physical non-linearities in structural analysis, pp.56-63, 1981.

Y. F. Dafalias, Bounding surface plasticity. i : Mathematical foundation and Références hypoplasticity, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol.112, issue.9, pp.966-987, 1986.

Y. F. Dafalias, M. T. Manzari, and A. G. Papadimitriou, Saniclay : simple anisotropic clay plasticity model, International Journal For Numerical and Analytical Methods In Geomechanics, vol.30, pp.1231-1257, 2006.

Y. F. Dafalias and M. Taiebat, Anatomy of rotational hardening in clay plasticity, Géotechnique, vol.63, pp.1406-1418, 2013.

L. Q. Dao, Etude du comportement anisotrope de l'argile de boom (Thèse de doctorat), 2015.

F. Darve and S. Labanieh, Incremental constitutive law for sands and clays : simulations of monotonic and cyclic tests, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol.6, issue.2, pp.243-275, 1982.

M. M. De-farias, A. H. Junior, and A. P. De-assis, Displacement control in tunnels excavated by the natm : 3-d numerical simulations. Tunnelling and underground space technology, vol.19, pp.283-293, 2004.

P. Delage, T. T. Le, A. Tang, Y. Cui, and X. Li, Suction effects in deep boom clay block samples, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00204528

P. Delage, N. Sultan, and Y. Cui, On the thermal consolidation of boom clay, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.37, pp.343-354, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00723062

D. Dias and R. Kastner, Movements caused by the excavation of tunnels using face pressurized shields-analysis of monitoring and numerical modeling results, Engineering Geology, vol.152, issue.1, pp.17-25, 2013.

N. Do, D. Dias, and P. Oreste, 3d numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol.73, issue.5, pp.2101-2113, 2015.

N. Do, D. Dias, P. Oreste, and I. Djeran-maigre, Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.42, pp.40-51, 2014.

J. Doherty and D. M. Wood, An extended mohr-coulomb (emc) model for predicting the settlement of shallow foundations on sand, Géotechnique, vol.63, issue.8, p.661, 2013.

W. Dong and G. Anagnostou, The effect of constitutive modelling on estimates of the short-term response of squeezing ground to tunnel excavation, 14th international conference of the international association for computer methods and advances in geomechanics (14iacmag), pp.225-230, 2014.

D. C. Drucker, Soil mechanics and work-hardening theories of plasticity, Trans. ASCE, vol.122, pp.338-346, 1957.

D. C. Drucker and W. Prager, Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design, Quarterly of applied mathematics, vol.10, issue.2, pp.157-165, 1952.

H. Ehrbar, General report on conventional tunnelling method (Rapport technique), 2009.

K. L. El-ashmawy, Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques, Geodesy and Cartography, vol.40, issue.3, pp.133-141, 2014.

C. Fabris, H. Schweiger, and F. Tschuchnigg, Fe-analysis of anchor pull out tests using advanced constitutive models, Proceedings of the 9th european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering (numge 2018), vol.1, p.125, 2018.

R. Fargnoli, V. Gragnano, C. Boldini, D. Amorosi, and A. , 3d numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction during epb tunnelling, Géotechnique, vol.65, issue.1, pp.23-37, 2015.

L. Fournier and E. Rigaud, Pinchat tunnel : Back analyses used to optimise support structures. Tunnels et espace souterrain, vol.266, pp.43-57, 2016.

J. Franzius and D. Potts, Influence of mesh geometry on three-dimensional finiteelement analysis of tunnel excavation, International Journal of Geomechanics, vol.5, issue.3, pp.256-266, 2005.

J. N. Franzius, D. M. Potts, and J. B. Burland, The influence of soil anisotropy and k 0 on ground surface movements resulting from tunnel excavation, Géotechnique, vol.55, pp.189-199, 2005.

G. Galli, A. Grimaldi, and A. Leonardi, Three-dimensional modelling of tunnel excavation and lining, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.31, issue.3, pp.171-183, 2004.

J. Garnier, Catalogue of scaling laws and similitude questions in geotechnical centrifuge modelling, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, vol.3, pp.1-23, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00364250

A. Gasparre, Advanced laboratory characterization of london clay (Thèse de doctorat), 2005.

A. Gens and D. Potts, Critical state models in computational geomechanics, Engineering Computations, vol.5, issue.3, pp.178-197, 1988.

N. Gilleron, Use of the hardening soil model for urban tunnels design, 25th european young geotechnical engineers conference, 2016.

N. Gilleron and E. Bourgeois, Influence of deviatoric stress dependent stiffness on settlement trough width in 2d and 3d finite element modelling of tunnelling, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01472769

J. Giroud and D. Cordary, Prevision du tassement initial et du tassement différé des fondations superficielles, Annales de l'institut technique du bâtiment et des travaux publics, vol.135, pp.105-135, 1976.

N. Gonzalez, M. Rouainia, M. Arroyo, and A. Gens, Analysis of tunnel excavation in london clay incorporating soil structure, Géotechnique, vol.62, issue.12, p.1095, 2012.

C. Gérardin and I. Maatoug, Métro11 -puits d'essai calmette. cahier b : Mémoire de synthèse géotechnique, 2015.

E. Greuell, Etude du soutènement des tunnels par boulons passifs dans les sols et les roches tendres par une méthode d'homogénéisation (Thèse de doctorat), 1993.

R. E. Guedes-de-melo and C. Santos-pereira, The role of k 0 value in numerical analysis of shallow tunnels, 2000.

S. Han, H. Cho, S. Kim, J. Jung, and J. Heo, Automated and efficient method for extraction of tunnel cross sections using terrestrial laser scanned data, Journal of computing in civil engineering, vol.27, issue.3, pp.274-281, 2012.

B. O. Hardin and V. P. Drnevich, Shear modulus and damping in soils : design equations and curves, Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div, issue.sm7, p.98, 1972.

D. Harris and J. Franzius, Settlement assessment of running tunnels-a generic approach, Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground : Proceedings of the 5th international symposium tc28. amsterdam, the netherlands, p.225, 2005.

M. Hattab and P. Hicher, Dilating behaviour of overconsolidated clay, Soils and Foundations, vol.44, issue.4, pp.27-40, 2004.

I. Herle and D. Kolymbas, Hypoplasticity for soils with low friction angles, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.31, issue.5, pp.365-373, 2004.

, Russia confirms order for largest TBM ever, 2011.

P. Hicher and J. Shao, Constitutive modeling of soils and rocks, 2008.

M. Hisatake and S. Ohno, Effects of pipe roof supports and the excavation method on the displacements above a tunnel face, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.120-127, 2008.

P. Hong, J. Pereira, A. Tang, and Y. Cui, A two-surface plasticity model for stiff clay, Acta Geotechnica, vol.11, issue.4, pp.871-885, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01515777

G. Houlsby, How the dilatancy of soils affects their behaviour, 1991.

M. Hounyevou-klotoe, Modélisation de l'influence des techniques de présoutènement sur les tassements provoqués lors du creusement des tunnels peu profonds (Thèse de doctorat), 2017.

W. Huang, W. Wu, D. Sun, and S. Sloan, A simple hypoplastic model for normally consolidated clay, Acta Geotechnica, vol.1, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2006.

J. Hujeux, Une loi de comportement pour le chargement cyclique des sols. Génie parasismique, pp.287-302, 1985.

M. J. Hvorslev, Physical components of the shear strength of saturated clays, 1961.

G. Idinger, P. Aklik, W. Wu, and R. I. Borja, Centrifuge model test on the face stability of shallow tunnel, Acta Geotechnica, vol.6, issue.2, pp.105-117, 2011.

I. Ishibashi and X. Zhang, Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand and clay. Soils and foundations, vol.33, pp.182-191, 1993.

S. W. Jacobsz, J. R. Standing, R. J. Mair, T. Hagiwara, and T. Sugiyama, Centrifuge modelling of tunnelling near driven piles, Soils and Foundations, vol.44, pp.49-56, 2004.

J. Janin, A. Beaussier, H. Le-bissonnais, C. Gérardin, and T. Charbonneau, 3d numerical back-analysis on an experimental conventional tunnel in paris sanoisian "green" clay, Tunnels and underground cities : Engineering and innovation meet archaeology, architecture and art, pp.5692-5701, 2019.

J. P. Janin, Tunnels en milieu urbain : Prévisions des tassements avec prise en compte des effets des pré-soutènements, 2012.

J. P. Janin, D. Dias, F. Emeriault, R. Kastner, H. Le-bissonnais et al., Numerical back-analysis of the southern toulon tunnel measurements : A comparison of 3d and 2d approaches, Engineering Geology, vol.195, pp.42-52, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02020066

S. Jockovic and M. Vukicevic, Bounding surface model for overconsolidated clays with new state parameter formulation of hardening rule, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.83, pp.16-29, 2017.

R. Juneja, A. Hegde, A. Lee, F. Yeo, and C. , Centrifuge modelling of tunnel face reinforcement using forepoling, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.25, issue.4, pp.377-381, 2010.

H. Kamata and H. Mashimo, Centrifuge model test of tunnel face reinforcement by bolting. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.18, pp.205-212, 2003.

M. Karaku?, . J. &-r, and R. J. Fowell, An insight into the new austrian tunnelling method (natm), Rockmec 2004-viith regional rock mechanics symposium, sivas, türkiye, 2004.

M. Karakus, Appraising the methods accounting for 3d tunnelling effects in 2d plane strain fe analysis. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.22, pp.47-56, 2007.

D. R. Katti, M. I. Matar, K. S. Katti, and P. M. Amarasinghe, Multiscale modeling of swelling clays : A computational and experimental approach, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol.13, issue.4, pp.243-255, 2009.

M. J. Kavvadas, Monitoring ground deformation in tunnelling : current practice in transportation tunnels, Engineering Geology, vol.79, issue.1-2, pp.93-113, 2005.

F. Kitchah and S. Benmebarek, Finite difference analysis of an advance core pre-reinforcement system for toulon's south tube, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol.8, issue.5, pp.703-713, 2016.

A. Klar, I. Dromy, and R. Linker, Monitoring tunneling induced ground displacements using distributed fiber-optic sensing. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.40, pp.141-150, 2014.

D. Kolymbas, Computer-aided design of constitutive laws, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol.15, issue.8, pp.593-604, 1991.

D. Kolymbas, An outline of hypoplasticity. Archive of applied mechanics, vol.61, pp.143-151, 1991.

R. Kondner and J. Zelasko, A hyperbolic stress-strain formulation for sands, Proceedings of the 2nd pan american conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, 1963.

Y. Labalais, D. Andre, P. Dubois, J. Guillaume, A. Pantet et al., Tassements liés au creusement des ouvrages en souterrain. Tunnels et ouvrages souterrains, p.132, 1995.

R. Lagioia and D. M. Potts, A new versatile expression for yield and plastic potential surfaces, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.5, pp.178-197, 1988.

A. Lambrughi, L. M. Rodríguez, and R. Castellanza, Development and validation of a 3d numerical model for tbm-epb mechanised excavations, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.40, pp.97-113, 2012.

J. Lanier, C. Di-prisco, and R. Nova, Etude expérimentale et analyse théorique de l'anisotropie induite du sable d'hostun, Revue Française de Géotechnique, issue.57, pp.59-74, 1991.

A. A. Lavasan, C. Zhao, T. Barciaga, A. Schaufler, H. Steeb et al., Numerical investigation of tunneling in saturated soil : the role of construction and operation periods, Acta Geotechnica, pp.1-21, 2018.

E. Leca, Développement d'outils de calcul pour le dimensionnement des tunnels creusés en terrains meubles. thèse d'habilitation à diriger des recherches, 1997.

E. Leca, Conception et dimensionnement du béton projeté utilisé en travaux souterrains. Tunnels et ouvrages souterrains, p.147, 2000.

A. Ledesma-villalba and E. Alonso-pérez-de-agreda, Protecting sensitive constructions from tunnelling : the case of world heritage buildings in barcelona, Géotechnique, vol.67, issue.10, pp.914-925, 2017.

C. Lee, B. Wu, H. Chen, and K. Chiang, Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in soft clayey soil. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.21, pp.119-132, 2006.

S. Likitlersuang, C. Surarak, S. Suwansawat, D. Wanatowski, E. Oh et al., Simplified finite-element modelling for tunnelling-induced settlements, Geotechnical Research, vol.1, pp.133-152, 2014.

M. Liu and J. Carter, A structured cam clay model, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.39, pp.1313-1332, 2002.

H. Lu, J. Shi, Y. Wang, and R. Wang, Centrifuge modeling of tunneling-induced ground surface settlement in sand, 2019.

P. Lunardi, Conception et exécution des tunnels d'après l'analyse des déformations contrôlées dans les roches et dans les sols, pp.17-34, 1997.

P. Lunardi, Design and construction of tunnels, 2008.

J. Magnan, Déformabilité des sols. tassements. consolidation. Techniques de l'ingénieur. Construction, 1 (C214), pp.214-215, 2000.

R. Mair, M. Gunn, and M. Reilly, Ground movement around shallow tunnels in soft clay, Tunnels & Tunnelling International, issue.5, p.14, 1982.

R. J. Mair, Centrifugal modelling of tunnel construction in sof clay, 1979.

A. Marshall, R. Farrell, A. Klar, and R. Mair, Tunnels in sands : the effect of size, depth and volume loss on greenfield displacements, Géotechnique, vol.62, issue.5, p.385, 2012.

D. Ma?ín, A hypoplastic constitutive model for clays, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol.29, issue.4, pp.311-336, 2005.

D. Ma?ín, Clay hypoplasticity model including stiffness anisotropy, Géotechnique, vol.64, issue.3, pp.232-238, 2014.

D. Ma?ín and I. Herle, Numerical analyses of a tunnel in london clay using different constitutive models. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium TC28, 2005.

M. Meguid, O. Saada, M. Nunes, and J. Mattar, Physical modeling of tunnels in soft ground : a review. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.23, pp.185-198, 2008.

P. Mestat, Etat de contraintes initiales dans les sols et calcul par éléments finis, Bulletin Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, pp.15-32, 1998.

Z. Moh, D. H. Ju, and R. Hwang, Ground movements around tunnels in soft ground, Proceedings international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, vol.730, pp.725-730, 1996.

S. C. Möller and P. A. Vermeer, On numerical simulation of tunnel installation, Tunelling and Underground Space Technology, issue.23, pp.461-475, 2008.

M. Monfared, P. Delage, J. Sulem, M. Mohajerani, A. M. Tang et al., A new hollow cylinder triaxial cell to study the behavior of geo-materials with low Références permeability, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.48, issue.4, pp.637-649, 2011.

H. Mroueh, Tunnels en site urbain : modélisation numérique et intéraction creusement -ouvrages existants (Thèse de doctorat), 1998.

Z. Mroz and O. C. Zienkiewicz, Uniform formulation of constitutive equations for clays and sands, Mechanics of engineering materials, pp.415-449, 1984.

A. Niemunis and I. Herle, Hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range. Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials, An International Journal on Experiments, Modelling and Computation of Materials and Structures, vol.2, issue.4, pp.279-299, 1997.

J. Nini?, Computational strategies for predictions of the soil-structure interaction during mechanized tunneling, 2015.

I. Ocak, Control of surface settlements with umbrella arch method in second stage excavations of istanbul metro. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.23, pp.674-681, 2008.

I. Ocak, Environmental effects of tunnel excavation in soft and shallow ground with epbm : the case of istanbul, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol.59, issue.2, p.347, 2009.

M. Ochmanski, Numerical analyses of the effects of tunnels construction, 2016.

J. Oke, N. Vlachopoulos, and M. Diederichs, Numerical analyses in the design of umbrella arch systems, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol.6, issue.6, pp.546-564, 2014.

J. Oke, N. Vlachopoulos, and M. Diederichs, Semi-analytical model of an umbrella arch employed in hydrostatic tunnelling conditions, 48th us rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium, 2014.

J. Oke, N. Vlachopoulos, and V. Marinos, Umbrella arch nomenclature and selection methodology for temporary support systems for the design and construction of tunnels, Geotechnical and geological engineering, vol.32, issue.1, pp.97-130, 2014.

M. O'reilly and B. New, Settlements above tunnels in the united kingdom-their magnitude and prediction, 1982.

C. O'sullivan, Particle-based discrete element modeling : geomechanics perspective, International Journal of Geomechanics, vol.11, issue.6, pp.449-464, 2011.

D. R. Owen and E. Hinton, Finite elements in plasticity : Theory and practice, 1980.

A. Paternesi, H. F. Schweiger, and G. Scarpelli, Parameter calibration and numerical analysis of twin shallow tunnels, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol.50, issue.5, pp.1243-1262, 2017.

R. B. Peck, Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Fnd. Engng, pp.225-290, 1969.

D. Peila, A theoretical study of reinforcement influence on the stability of a tunnel face, Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, vol.12, issue.3, pp.145-168, 1994.

D. Potts and J. Standing, The use of kinematic hardening models for predicting tunnelling-induced ground movements in london clay, Géotechnique, vol.66, pp.106-120, 2016.

D. M. Potts and L. Zdravkovic, Finite element analysis in geotechnical engineering, 1999.

L. Rabcewicz, The new austrian tunnelling method, part i. Water Power, pp.19-24, 1964.

L. Rabcewicz, The new austrian tunnelling method, part ii, pp.19-24, 1964.

L. Rabcewicz, The new austrian tunnelling method, part iii, pp.19-24, 1965.

R. Schneider, G. Garcia-fontanet, A. Ledesma, A. Raveendra, R. Orodea et al., Toronto-york spadina subway extension tunnelling under schulich building, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol.46, issue.2, pp.87-103, 2018.

W. Rankin, Ground movements resulting from urban tunnelling : predictions and effects, Engineering Geology Special Publications, vol.5, issue.1, pp.79-92, 1988.

S. Ritter, G. Giardina, M. J. Dejong, and R. J. Mair, Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 2017.

K. H. Roscoe, A. N. Schofield, and C. P. Wroth, On the yielding of soils, Géotechnique, vol.8, pp.22-52, 1958.

M. Rouainia and D. Muir-wood, A kinematic hardening constitutive model for natural clays with loss of structure, Géotechnique, vol.50, issue.2, pp.153-164, 2000.

P. Roux, S. Sakurai, S. Akutagawa, K. Takeuchi, M. Shinji et al., Back analysis for tunnel engineering as a modern observational method. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Technologie du boulonnage. Tunnels et ouvrages souterrains, 241, vol.18, pp.185-196, 2003.

J. Salençon, Contraction quasi-statique d'une cavité à symétrie sphérique ou cylindrique dans un milieu élastoplastique, Annales Ponts et Chauusées, vol.4, pp.231-236, 1969.

I. S. Sandler, Review of the development of cap models for geomaterials, Shock and Vibration, vol.12, issue.1, pp.67-71, 2005.

D. Sangrey, D. Henkel, and M. I. Esrig, The effective stress response of a saturated clay soil to repeated loading, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.6, issue.3, pp.241-252, 1969.

M. A. Sayed, Assessment of clay stiffness and strength parameters using index properties, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol.10, issue.3, pp.579-593, 2018.

T. Schanz and P. Vermeer, The hardening soil model : Formulation and verification, 2000.

A. Schofield, Interlocking, and peak and design strengths, Geotechnique, vol.56, issue.5, pp.357-358, 2006.

A. N. Schofield and C. P. Wroth, Critical state soil mechanics, 1968.

J. F. Serratrice, Outils et procédures de caractérisation des sols indurés et des roches tendres : l'expérience du LRPC d'Aix en Provence. PARAM, pp.313-326, 2002.

J. F. Serratrice and J. P. Magnan, Analyse et prévision des tassements de surface pendant le creusement du tunnel nord de la traversée souterraine de toulon, Bulletin des laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, issue.6, pp.5-36, 2002.

X. Shang, N. Hu, and G. Zhou, Calculation of the repulsive force between two clay particles, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.69, pp.272-278, 2015.

J. Shin, Y. Choi, O. Kwon, and S. Lee, Model testing for pipereinforced tunnel heading in a granular soil, Tunnelling and Underground Space Références Technology, vol.23, issue.3, pp.241-250, 2008.

J. Shin, Y. Choi, O. Kwon, and S. Lee, Model testing for pipereinforced tunnel heading in a granular soil, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.23, issue.3, pp.241-250, 2008.

N. Sivasithamparam and M. Karstunen, An anisotropic bubble model for structured clays. 4 th International Workshop of Young Doctors in, Geomechanics W(H)YDOC, vol.12, issue.6, 2012.

S. W. Sloan, Substeppping schemes for the numerical integration of elastoplastic stress-strain relations, International Journal For Numerical Methods In Engineering, vol.24, pp.893-911, 1987.

S. W. Sloan, A. J. Abbo, and D. Sheng, Refined explicit integration of elastoplastic models with automatic error control. Engineering Computations, vol.18, pp.121-154, 2001.

S. Mesures, Mécanique des sols : l'essai triaxial, 2019.

A. Stipho, Theoretical and experimental investigation of the behavior of anisotropically consolidated kaolin, 1978.

J. Suebsuk, S. Horpibulsuk, and M. D. Liu, Modified structured cam clay : A generalised critical state model for destructured, naturally structured and artificially structured clays, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.37, pp.956-968, 2010.

J. Suebsuk, S. Horpibulsuk, and M. D. Liu, A critical state soil model for overconsolidated clays, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.38, pp.648-658, 2011.

N. Sultan, Y. Cui, and P. Delage, Yielding and plastic behaviour of boom clay, Géotechnique, vol.60, issue.9, pp.657-666, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539632

C. Surarak, S. Likitlersuang, D. Wanatowski, A. Balasubramaniam, E. Oh et al., Stiffness and strength parameters for hardening soil model of soft and stiff bangkok clays, Soils and Foundations, vol.4, pp.682-697, 2012.

T. Svoboda and D. Ma?ín, Convergence-confinement method for simulating natm tunnels evaluated by comparison with full 3d simulations, 2010.

T. Svoboda, D. Ma?ín, and J. Bohá?, Class a predictions of a natm tunnel in stiff clay, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.37, issue.6, pp.817-825, 2010.

M. Tijani, Contribution à l'étude thermomécanique des cavités réalisées par lessivage dans des formations géologiques salines (Habilitation à diriger des recherches), 2008.

F. Tonon, Sequential excavation, natm and adeco : What they have in common and how they differ. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.25, pp.245-265, 2010.

C. A. Truesdell, The rational mechanics of flexible or elastic bodies : 1638-1788 : introduction to leonhardi euleri opera omnia vol. x et xi seriei secundae, 1960.

A. Truty and R. Obrzud, Improved formulation of the hardening soil model in the context of modeling the undrained behavior of cohesive soils, Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, vol.37, issue.2, pp.61-68, 2015.

T. Vorster, A. Klar, K. Soga, and R. Mair, Estimating the effects of tunneling on existing pipelines, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol.131, issue.11, pp.1399-1410, 2005.

M. Vucetic and R. Dobry, Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response, Journal of geotechnical engineering, vol.117, issue.1, pp.89-107, 1991.

R. Walter, H. Coccia, C. J. Ko, H. Mccartney, and J. S. , Centrifuge modeling of face excavation in tunnels with a deformable lining, pp.2329-2338, 2010.

H. Wang, J. Jia, and H. Kang, Analytical approach and field monitoring for mechanical behaviors of pipe roof reinforcement, Journal of Central South University of Technology, vol.16, issue.5, p.827, 2009.

L. Z. Wang, L. L. Li, and X. Lv, Complex variable solutions for tunneling-induced ground movement, International Journal of Geomechanics, vol.9, pp.63-72, 2009.

D. M. Wood, Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics, 1990.

W. Wu, E. Bauer, and D. Kolymbas, Hypoplastic constitutive model with critical state for granular materials, Mechanics of materials, vol.23, issue.1, pp.45-69, 1996.

C. Yang, D. Sheng, J. P. Carter, and S. W. Sloan, Modelling the plastic anisotropy of lower cromer till, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.69, pp.22-37, 2015.

C. Yoo, Finite-element analysis of tunnel face reinforced by longitudinal pipes, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.29, issue.1, pp.73-94, 2002.

H. S. Yu, Casm : A unified state parameter model for clay and sand, International Journal For Numerical and Analytical Methods In Geomechanics, vol.22, pp.1621-653, 1998.

H. Yu, Plasticity and geotechnics, 2006.

C. Zhao, A. A. Lavasan, T. Barciaga, V. Zarev, M. Datcheva et al., Model validation and calibration via back analysis for mechanized tunnel simulations-the western scheldt tunnel case, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.69, pp.601-614, 2015.

C. Zhao, A. A. Lavasan, T. Barciaga, V. Zarev, M. Datcheva et al., Model validation and calibration via back analysis for mechanized tunnel simulations-the western scheldt tunnel case, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.69, pp.601-614, 2015.

O. C. Zienkiewicz, C. Humpheson, and R. Lewis, Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics, Geotechnique, vol.25, issue.4, pp.671-689, 1975.

O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor, P. Nithiarasu, and J. Zhu, The finite element method, vol.3, 1977.

A. , Extension of Modified Cam-Clay model following section. It is an attempt to remedy to the drawback of overestimation of shear resistance at low confining pressures. The third section gives a comparison of the simulation of a tunnel excavation in an overconsolidated clay with Mohr-Coulomb model, MCC model and the proposed model

T. I. Addenbrooke, D. M. Potts, and A. M. Puzrin, The influence of pre-failure stiffness on the numerical analysis of tunnel construction, Géotechnique, vol.47, issue.3, pp.693-712, 1997.

G. Filliat, . Paris, A. Gens, and D. Potts, La pratique des sols et fondations. Editions du MONITEUR, Engineering Computations, vol.5, issue.3, pp.178-197, 1981.

N. Gilleron and E. Bourgeois, Influence of deviatoric stress dependent stiffness on settlement trough width in 2d and 3d finite element modelling of tunnelling, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01472769

M. Panet, Calcul des tunnels par la méthode convergence-confinement, 1995.

E. Plat, M. Imbault, and M. Donsimoni, Etablissement de plans de prévention des risques naturels concernant les mouvements différentiels de terrain liés au phénomène de retrait-gonflement dans le département des hauts-de-seine, Rapport BRGM/RP-55961-FR, 2007.

T. Schanz and P. Vermeer, The hardening soil model : Formulation and verification, 2000.

A. Schofield, Interlocking, and peak and design strengths, Geotechnique, vol.56, issue.5, pp.357-358, 2006.

D. W. Taylor, Fundamentals of soil mechanics, 1948.

M. Tijani, Short description of viplef code. coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes of fractured media, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00650322

A. Truty and R. Obrzud, Improved formulation of the hardening soil model in the context of modeling the undrained behavior of cohesive soils, Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, vol.37, issue.2, pp.61-68, 2015.

J. Wongsaroj, K. Sogay, and R. J. Mairy, Modelling of long-term ground response to tunnelling under st james's park, london, Geotechnique, vol.57, pp.75-90, 2007.

, Soit une éprouvette cylindrique en état de déformations homogène (U 1 = ? z ; F 1 = ? z )

, Pour imposer un chargement contrôlé en contraintes comme un cisaillement pur à pression moyenne p constante, on impose : 2? r + ? z = ?3p