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URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303982

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. Istatut, IPhéno et Idir sont des indicatrices pour le statut social (=0 si arbre dominé et 1 si arbre dominant), de l'état folié du houppier (=0,0 si arbre sans feuille; =1,0 si arbre en feuille et =0,1 si arbre marcescent)

, Les organisations de la société civile rapportent que des consultations ne sont pas systématiquement utilisées pour orienter les politiques nationales de développement, =0,1 si direction SO et =0,0 si autres directions), 2019.

, Synthesis and Structures of Ln(II) and Ln(III) Dialkyls Derived from LnI2 (Ln = Nd, Tm, Yb)

, Synthesis and Structures of Ln(II) and Ln(III) Dialkyls Derived from LnI2 (Ln = Nd, Tm, Yb)

, L'écart entre les riches et les pauvres est très marqué dans certains pays, 2012.

H. Étude-de, Mais ce processus, appelé thigmomorphogénèse, a surtout été étudié sur de très jeunes arbres en conditions contrôlées. Cette thèse vise à étendre pour la première fois cette étude à l'échelle d'un peuplement forestier afin de comprendre comment des arbres adultes s'acclimatent au vent en conditions naturelles en adaptant leur croissance. Elle s'appuie sur un dispositif expérimental mis en place dans un peuplement régulier de hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) non éclairci. La vitesse du vent, les déformations longitudinales et la croissance radiale de quinze paires d'arbres de dimension et d'exposition au vent contrastées (et regroupés selon leur statut social dominant ou dominé) ont été suivies pendant une année. En contrôlant l'intensité des déformations subies, par haubanage ou à l'aide de flexions artificielles, nous avons pu démontrer que les arbres ne répondent qu'à des stimulations mécaniques provoquées par des vents suffisamment forts ayant un temps de retour supérieur à la semaine. Cette réponse se traduit par contre par une très forte augmentation de leur croissance radiale et suit une loi de mécano-perception commune à l'ensemble des arbres, quelle que soit leur taille. Nous avons ensuite étudié les conséquences de la régulation des déformations sur le dimensionnement mécanique des arbres et leur risque d'endommagement. Il s'avère que malgré des dimensions et des expositions au vent contrastées, le régime de déformation reste uniforme entre les hêtres du peuplement, en accord avec l'hypothèse d'un dimensionnement mécanique optimal souvent inférée mais jamais validée dans son mécanisme, ) et de cette étude Résumé Résumé Les tempêtes sont de loin la première cause de dégâts pour les arbres, 2012.